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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 23-29.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100064

所属专题： 玉米

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

种植密度对不同株型夏玉米产量和冠层特性的影响

张慧1,2, 钱欣1,2, 高英波1,2, 薛艳芳1,2, 王庆成1,2, 刘开昌2,3, 李宗新1,2()   

  1. 1 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所,济南 250100
    2 小麦玉米国家工程实验室/农业部黄淮海北部玉米生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,济南 250100
    3 山东省农业科学院作物研究所,济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2018-10-19 修回日期:2018-11-16 出版日期:2020-02-05 发布日期:2020-02-08
  • 通讯作者: 李宗新
  • 作者简介:张慧,女,1982年出生,山东济南人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向：玉米群体生理。通信地址：250100 山东济南历城区工业北路2号 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所,Tel：0531-66659402,E-mail： zhangh@saas.ac.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“小麦玉米抗逆减灾关键技术研究”(2017YFD0301003);山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目“栽培与土壤肥料岗位”(SDAIT-02-07);山东省重点研发计划项目“盐碱地玉米控氮型一次性施肥产品及应用技术研发与示范”(2016GNC111004);“盐碱地生物高效生态共生关键技术研究与示范”(2017CXGC0307)

Planting Densities Affect the Yield and Canopy Characteristics of Different Summer Maize Plant Types

Zhang Hui1,2, Qian Xin1,2, Gao Yingbo1,2, Xue Yanfang1,2, Wang Qingcheng1,2, Liu Kaichang2,3, Li Zongxin1,2()   

  1. 1 Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100
    2 National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Maize Biology and Genetic Breeding in Northern Huanghuaihai of Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100
    3 Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100
  • Received:2018-10-19 Revised:2018-11-16 Online:2020-02-05 Published:2020-02-08
  • Contact: Li Zongxin

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摘要：

为了指导不同株型夏玉米品种的田间生产,选用平展型品种‘鲁单981’和紧凑型品种‘鲁单818’为供试材料,通过设置30000株/hm 2 (D1)、60000株/hm 2 (D2)、90000株/hm 2 (D3)3个种植密度,研究了密度对不同株型夏玉米产量、叶面积持续期(LAD)、叶面积指数(LAI)、群体净同化率(NAR)的影响。结果表明,‘鲁单981’在D2时产量最高,为11452 kg/hm 2,‘鲁单818’在D3时最高,为13024 kg/hm 2。在D3下,紧凑型品种‘鲁单818’的LAD[452 (m 2·d)/m 2]及花后比例(50%)、穗位叶LAI以及全生育期NAR [6.87 g/(m 2·d)]更高。上述研究结果表明紧凑型品种冠层结构紧凑,中下层受光充足,LAD延长,有利于干物质积累,产量上升,更适合高密度栽培。

关键词: 夏玉米, 株型, 种植密度, 冠层特性, 产量

Abstract:

The aim is to guide the field production of different summer maize plant types. The horizontal variety ‘Ludan981’ and compact variety ‘Ludan818’ were selected as the test materials, three different planting densities (D1, 30000 plant/hm 2; D2, 60000 plant/hm 2; D3, 90000 plant/hm 2) were set up, the effects of planting densities on the yield, leaf area duration (LAD), leaf area index (LAI), and net assimilation rate (NAR) of different summer maize plant types were studied. The results showed that the yield of ‘Ludan981’ and ‘Ludan818’ was the highest at D2 (11452 kg/hm 2) and D3 (13024 kg/hm 2), respectively. Under D3, compact variety ‘Ludan818’ had a higher LAD [452 (m 2·d)/m 2] and proportion after flowering (50%), ear LAI and NAR during whole growth period [6.87 g/(m 2·d)]. The above results indicate that compact variety has a more compact canopy, leaves in the middle and lower layers intercept more light, which could extend the LAD and contribute to the dry matter accumulation and yield increase. Thus, the variety is more suitable for high density cultivation.

Key words: summer maize, plant type, planting density, canopy characteristics, yield

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