中国日照时数时空变化特征及其影响分析

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030090

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究气候变化背景下中国日照时数的时空变化特征,基于中国2089个气象台站1961—2017年的观测数据,运用趋势分析、突变检测、相关分析等方法,分析中国不同区域日照时数时空变化特征及影响因素。结果表明：中国日照时数的空间分布特征为“南少北多”,并呈现显著减少趋势,其速率为 -45.8 h/10 a;西南地区在1989年发生突变,西北地区1983年发生突变,东北地区1985年发生突变,其他地区未发生突变;从季节上看,日照时数夏季最高,其次是春季和秋季,冬季最低;下降速率夏季最快,其次是秋季和冬季,春季变化幅度最小;日照时数与总云量、能见度、霾、降水量呈现显著负相关,与风速呈现显著正相关,与雾相关性不显著。

关键词: 日照时数, 时空分布, 趋势, 农业, 影响

Abstract:

The paper aims to study the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of sunshine duration in China under the background of climate change. Based on the observation data from 2089 national meteorological stations during 1961-2017, we analyzed the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of sunshine duration in different regions of China and the influencing factors by using the methods of the linear trend, partial correlation, and Mann-Kendall mutation. The results showed that the spatial distribution of sunshine duration was high in northern China and low in southern China, and had a significantly decreasing trend with a rate of -45.8 h/10 a. The sunshine duration had a mutation in 1989 in southwestern China, in 1983 in northwestern China, and in 1985 in northeastern China, and no mutation occurred in other regions. Summer had the highest sunshine duration, followed by spring, autumn and winter; and the decline rate was also the highest in summer, followed by autumn, winter and spring. Sunshine duration had a highly negative correlation with total cloud amount, visibility, haze, precipitation, while had a positive correlation with wind speed, and no significant correlation with fog.

Key words: sunshine duration, spatio-temporal distribution, trend, agriculture, influence

中图分类号:

S162

肖风劲, 张旭光, 廖要明, 刘秋锋. 中国日照时数时空变化特征及其影响分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(20): 92-100.

Xiao Fengjin, Zhang Xuguang, Liao Yaoming, Liu Qiufeng. Sunshine Duration in China: Variation Characteristics and Its Influence[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(20): 92-100.

图/表 8

参考文献 39

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地区	1960s	1970s	1980s	1990s	2000s	2010s	1961—2017	变化趋势/(h/10 a)
西北地区	2818	2812	2738	2753	2755	2692	2765	-20.9
华北地区	2820	2766	2694	2625	2540	2494	2665	-68.4
东北地区	1985	1991	1918	1885	1897	1877	1928	-25.1
华东地区	2202	2107	2000	1921	1917	1834	2005	-73.1
华中地区	1926	1900	1769	1754	1690	1607	1783	-63.1
华南地区	1842	1779	1705	1637	1698	1603	1716	-43.5
西南地区	1692	1728	1656	1622	1641	1624	1662	-19.1
全国	2221	2203	2116	2080	2060	1992	2118	-45.8

地区	1960s	1970s	1980s	1990s	2000s	2010s	1961—2017	变化趋势/(h/10 a)
西北地区	2818	2812	2738	2753	2755	2692	2765	-20.9
华北地区	2820	2766	2694	2625	2540	2494	2665	-68.4
东北地区	1985	1991	1918	1885	1897	1877	1928	-25.1
华东地区	2202	2107	2000	1921	1917	1834	2005	-73.1
华中地区	1926	1900	1769	1754	1690	1607	1783	-63.1
华南地区	1842	1779	1705	1637	1698	1603	1716	-43.5
西南地区	1692	1728	1656	1622	1641	1624	1662	-19.1
全国	2221	2203	2116	2080	2060	1992	2118	-45.8

季节	日照时数/h							变化趋势/(h/10 a)
季节	1960s	1970s	1980s	1990s	2000s	2010s	1961—2017	变化趋势/(h/10 a)
春季	571.1	565.1	556.4	539.1	568.1	550.8	558.5	-3.2
夏季	669.6	655.6	621.1	600.2	587.4	582.5	619.8	-19.6
秋季	526.3	532.6	509.6	516.3	497.7	459.0	508.3	-11.7
冬季	463.4	444.1	432.0	428.7	411.0	404.3	431.0	-11.6

季节	日照时数/h							变化趋势/(h/10 a)
季节	1960s	1970s	1980s	1990s	2000s	2010s	1961—2017	变化趋势/(h/10 a)
春季	571.1	565.1	556.4	539.1	568.1	550.8	558.5	-3.2
夏季	669.6	655.6	621.1	600.2	587.4	582.5	619.8	-19.6
秋季	526.3	532.6	509.6	516.3	497.7	459.0	508.3	-11.7
冬季	463.4	444.1	432.0	428.7	411.0	404.3	431.0	-11.6

要素	日照时数	总云量	能见度	雾日数	霾日数	风速	降水量
日照时数	1	-0.553^**	-0.402^**	-0.088	-0.586^**	0.569^**	-0.355^**
总云量	-0.553^**	1	0.358^**	0.221	0.632^**	-0.197	0.200
能见度	-0.402^**	0.358^**	1	0.166	0.762^**	-0.341^**	0.073
雾日数	-0.088	0.221	0.166	1	0.284^*	0.164	0.150
霾日数	-0.586^**	0.632^**	0.762^**	0.284^*	1	-0.513^**	0.128
风速	0.569^**	-0.197	-0.341^*	0.164	-0.513^**	1	0.061
降水量	-0.355^**	0.200	0.073	0.150	0.128	0.061	1