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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (25): 1-6.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800494

所属专题: 小麦

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

追氮时期及比例对滴灌冬小麦生长特性及产量的影响

张永强1,2(), 张璐3, 徐珊3, 陈传信1,2, 陈兴武1,2(), 雷钧杰1,2(), 赛力汗·赛1,2, 薛丽华1,2   

  1. 1新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
    2农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
    3新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-01 修回日期:2019-12-24 出版日期:2020-09-05 发布日期:2020-08-18
  • 通讯作者: 陈兴武,雷钧杰
  • 作者简介:张永强,男,1988年出生,河南平舆人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事小麦高产栽培生理研究。通信地址:830091 乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区南昌路403号 新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,Tel:0991-4501275,E-mail: zyq988@yeah.net
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目“氮肥运筹对新疆滴灌冬小麦产量和品质形成的调控机制”(31660370);国家小麦产业技术体系“乌鲁木齐综合试验站”(CARS-3-49)

Nitrogen Topdressing Stages and Ratio: Effects on the Growth Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat Under Drip Irrigation

Zhang Yongqiang1,2(), Zhang Lu3, Xu Shan3, Chen Chuanxin1,2, Chen Xingwu1,2(), Lei Junjie1,2(), Sailihan· Sai1,2, Xue Lihua1,2   

  1. 1The Institute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830091
    2Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091
    3College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052
  • Received:2019-08-01 Revised:2019-12-24 Online:2020-09-05 Published:2020-08-18
  • Contact: Chen Xingwu,Lei Junjie

摘要:

为研究不同追氮时期追氮比例对滴灌冬小麦的生长发育及产量的影响,在滴灌条件下,以小麦‘新冬18号’为试验材料,在总施氮量300 kg/hm2条件下,设置5个氮肥追施处理[拔节:孕穗6:4(F1处理)、起身:拔节:开花2:4:4(F2处理)、拔节:孕穗:开花4:4:2(F3处理)、起身:拔节:孕穗:开花2:4:2:2(F4处理)、起身:拔节:孕穗:开花2:2:2:4(F5处理)],研究不同处理对滴灌冬小麦生长特性及产量的影响。结果表明,适当调节氮肥追施时期及比例有利于调节小麦的生长及产量,F4处理能减缓叶片SPAD值的下降速度,还能有效提高小麦千粒重、收获指数、地上部分生物总量,最高产量为F4处理,产量达8016.67 kg/hm2,分别显著高于F1、F2处理6.4%和6.7%(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,氮肥追施时期以起身、拔节、孕穗、开花期均追肥(F4、F5处理)有利于小麦的生长与产量的提高。

关键词: 冬小麦, 氮肥运筹, 滴灌, 产量, 生长发育, SPAD

Abstract:

To study the effects of different proportions of topdressing nitrogen at different nitrogen topdressing stages on the growth and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation, taking ‘Xindong 18’ as the test material, and under the condition of total nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/hm2, we set 5 nitrogen topdressing treatments: the jointing: booting with 6:4 (F1 treatment), getting up: jointing: flowering with 2:4:4 (F2 treatment), jointing: booting: flowering with 4:4:2 (F3 treatment), getting up: jointing: booting: flowering with 2:4:2:2 (F4 treatment), getting up: jointing: booting: flowering with 2:2:2:4 (F5 treatment). The results showed that: the proper adjustment of the period and proportion of nitrogen topdressing was beneficial to regulating the growth and yield of wheat; F4 treatment could slow the decline of SPAD value, and effectively increase 1000-grain weight, harvest index and aboveground biomass of wheat; the highest yield of F4 treatment was 8016.67 kg/hm2, which was significantly higher than that of F1 and F2 treatments by 6.4% and 6.7%, respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, nitrogen topdressing at the getting up, jointing, booting and flowering stages is beneficial to the growth and yield of wheat.

Key words: winter wheat, nitrogen application, drip irrigation, yield, growth and development, SPAD value

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