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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 16-23.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0094

所属专题: 生物技术 小麦

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

氨基多糖水溶肥对小麦生理特性、产量及籽粒品质的影响

杜小凤1(), 顾大路1, 仲秀娟1, 梁双林2, 彭杰1, 杨文飞1, 吴传万1,3()   

  1. 1江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安 223001
    2江苏双林海洋生物药业有限公司,江苏启东 226200
    3江苏省环洪泽湖生态农业生物技术重点实验室,江苏淮安 223002
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-13 修回日期:2020-07-24 出版日期:2021-02-25 发布日期:2021-02-24
  • 通讯作者: 吴传万
  • 作者简介:杜小凤,女,1974年出生,陕西宝鸡人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事作物栽培与调控技术研发。通信地址:223001 江苏省淮安市淮海北路104号 淮安市农科院,Tel:0517-83660771,E-mail:15061234456@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项“小麦全产业链绿色优质高效生产技术与示范”(CARS-03-01A);淮安市农科院科研发展基金“江苏稻茬麦优质丰产绿色生产关键技术研究与应用”(HNY201924);企业委托横向课题“氨基多糖农用制剂开发与机理研究”(0202018029H);江苏省环洪泽湖生态农业生物技术重点实验室资金项目“小麦抗逆减灾稳产调控关键技术与应用”(17HZHL002);淮安市重点研发计划项目“富硒高钙淮安稻米绿色生产关键技术及其产业化”(HAN201903)

Aminopolysaccharide Water-soluble Fertilizer: Effects on Physiological Characteristics, Yield and Grain Quality of Wheat

Du Xiaofeng1(), Gu Dalu1, Zhong Xiujuan1, Liang Shuanglin2, Peng Jie1, Yang Wenfei1, Wu Chuanwan1,3()   

  1. 1Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Huai’an Jiangsu 223001
    2Jiangsu Shuanglin Marine Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qidong Jiangsu 226200
    3Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Huai’an Jiangsu 223002
  • Received:2020-05-13 Revised:2020-07-24 Online:2021-02-25 Published:2021-02-24
  • Contact: Wu Chuanwan

摘要:

为了探明氨基多糖水溶肥对小麦生理特性、产量及籽粒品质的影响,以‘淮麦33’为试验材料,研究小麦不同生育期叶面喷施氨基多糖水溶肥1次、2次和3次对小麦产量和品质的影响,并在处理后12天测定小麦旗叶净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs),叶绿素(Chl)、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛(MDA)含量,抗氧化酶活性及根系活力。结果表明:氨基多糖水溶肥明显提高小麦旗叶Chl、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性和小麦根系活力,增加旗叶PnGs,降低旗叶CiTr和MDA含量,提高小麦籽粒千粒质量和产量以及籽粒总蛋白质、总淀粉和支链淀粉含量,降低直/支比。喷施3次和2次在产量和品质上的差异未达显著水平(P<0.05),但二者与喷施1次和对照之间的差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。可见,氨基多糖水溶肥可明显提高小麦旗叶抗氧化和籽粒灌浆能力,提高小麦的籽粒产量和品质,以小麦抽穗后喷施2次为宜。

关键词: 小麦, 氨基多糖, 生理特性, 产量, 籽粒品质

Abstract:

To analyze the effects of aminopolysaccharide water-soluble fertilizer on physiological characteristics, yield and grain quality of wheat, ‘Huaimai 33’ was used as the experimental material to study the effects of spraying aminopolysaccharide water-soluble fertilizer at different growth stages and with usage times of once, twice and three times on wheat yield and quality. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs), the contents of chlorophyll (Chl), soluble sugar, soluble protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzyme activities in flag leaves were determined after 12 days’ treatment, and the root activity was also determined. The results showed that aminopolysaccharide water-soluble fertilizer significantly increased the contents of Chl, soluble sugar, soluble protein and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), Pn and Gs in flag leaves, also increased the root activity and decreased the contents of Ci, Tr and MDA in flag leaves. Aminopolysaccharide water-soluble fertilizer increased 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and it also increased total protein, total starch and amylopectin content of grain, while it decreased the ratio of amylose to amylopectin. There was no significant difference in grain yield and grain quality between spraying three times and two times (P<0.05), but there was significant difference between them and the control or spraying once (P<0.05). Obviously, the aminopolysaccharide water-soluble fertilizer can significantly improve the antioxidant capacity of wheat flag leaves and grain filling ability, also increase the grain yield and quality of wheat. In addition, spraying twice after heading stage is suitable.

Key words: wheat, aminopolysaccharide, physiological characteristics, yield, grain quality

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