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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (29): 78-83.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0790

所属专题: 玉米

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

豫南砂姜黑土区玉米新型肥料的应用效果分析

刘高远1(), 和爱玲1, 杜君1, 杨占平1, 潘秀燕2, 许纪东2, 张玉亭1()   

  1. 1河南省农业科学院,植物营养与资源环境研究所,郑州 450002
    2遂平县农业科学研究所,河南驻马店 463100
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-14 修回日期:2021-02-23 出版日期:2021-10-15 发布日期:2021-10-29
  • 通讯作者: 张玉亭
  • 作者简介:刘高远,男,1987年出生,河南周口人,博士,主要从事农作物施肥及环境质量评价方面的研究。通信地址:450002 河南省郑州市金水区花园路116号 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,E-mail: liugaoyuan678@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“豫南夏玉米化肥农药减施增效技术集成与示范”(2018YFD0200605);河南省博士后科研项目(201903052)

Application Effects of New-type Fertilizers on Maize in Lime Concrete Black Soil of Southern Henan

Liu Gaoyuan1(), He Ailing1, Du Jun1, Yang Zhanping1, Pan Xiuyan2, Xu Jidong2, Zhang Yuting1()   

  1. 1Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002
    2Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Suiping County, Zhumadian Henan 463100
  • Received:2020-12-14 Revised:2021-02-23 Online:2021-10-15 Published:2021-10-29
  • Contact: Zhang Yuting

摘要:

为了进一步提高豫南砂姜黑土区玉米产量与改善土壤环境条件,本研究以常规尿素为对照(CK),通过2年的大田试验,对比分析同等施肥条件下施用控释尿素(CRU)及含生物质炭(BU)、微肥(MU)、腐植酸(HAU)尿素4种玉米新型肥料对玉米生长与养分吸收的影响,同时,评价施用新型肥料对土壤硝态氮残留及玉米经济效益的影响。结果表明:施用新型肥料较CK均提高了玉米子粒产量,增幅范围为2.7%~10.9%,其中,以HAU增幅最高(10.9%),CRU (8.8%)次之,BU和MU增幅相对较低。与CK相比,HAU穗粒数和百粒重分别提高了9.7%和9.2%,植株氮和磷吸收量分别提高了20.6%和27.5%,差异显著;其他处理产量构成因素、养分吸收量与CK之间差异均未达到显著水平。同时,HAU较CK显著降低了0~40 cm土层硝态氮含量:其中,0~20 cm土层降幅为26.4%,20~40 cm土层降幅为32.4%。各处理产投比由高至低依次表现为HAU (2.14)>CRU (2.05)>MU (2.04)≈CK (2.04)>BU (2.03)。因此,在豫南砂姜黑土区施用含腐植酸尿素不仅能够促进玉米增产增收,而且能够降低土壤硝酸盐污染的风险,具有较为广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 砂姜黑土, 新型肥料, 腐植酸尿素, 夏玉米, 养分吸收, 产量, 土壤环境

Abstract:

To further increase maize yield and improve a better environment condition in lime concrete black soil of Southern Henan, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of conventional urea (CK), controlled release urea (CRU) and new-type urea containing biochar (BU), microelement (MU) and humic acid (HAU) on maize growth and nutrient absorption under the same fertilization rate. We also evaluated the changes of soil nitrate content and maize economic benefits under different new-type fertilizers. The results showed that the application of new-type fertilizers could increase maize grain yield compared with CK, by the range of 2.7%-10.9%. Among the new-type fertilizers, HAU had the highest increase rate (10.9%), followed by CRU (8.8%), but the increase rates under BU and MU were relatively low. Compared with CK, the number of grains per ear and 100-grain weight under HAU were increased by 9.7% and 9.2%, and the plant uptakes of nitrogen and phosphorus were increased by 20.6% and 27.5%, respectively, with a significant difference level; however, there was no significant difference in yield components or in nutrient uptakes between the other treatments and CK. Additionally, HAU significantly reduced the nitrate content at the 0-40 cm soil depth compared with CK, the nitrate contents were reduced by 26.4% and 32.4% at the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil depths, respectively. The order of the output-input ratio among all treatments was HAU (2.14) > CRU (2.05) > MU (2.04) ≈ CK (2.04) > BU (2.03). Therefore, the application of humic acid urea could not only increase the maize yield and economic benefit, but also reduce the risk of nitrate pollution in soil, which has a broad application prospect in lime concrete black soil of Southern Henan.

Key words: lime concrete black soil, new-type fertilizer, humic acid urea, summer maize, nutrient uptakes, yield, soil environment

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