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中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (12): 7-12.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0620

所属专题: 生物技术 玉米

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

灌浆初期低温对春玉米产量构成的影响研究

李建平1,2,3(), 刘玉汐4, 高岩1,2,3, 任景全1,3, 孙月5, 郭春明1,3, 王靖6()   

  1. 1吉林省气象科学研究所,长春 130062
    2长白山天气与气候变化吉林省重点实验室,长春 130062
    3吉林省农业气象灾害风险评估与防控科技创新中心,长春 130062
    4吉林省气象台,长春 130062
    5吉林省气象探测保障中心,长春 130062
    6中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-21 修回日期:2021-09-13 出版日期:2022-04-25 发布日期:2022-05-18
  • 通讯作者: 王靖
  • 作者简介:李建平,男,1977年出生,青海西宁人,正高级工程师,硕士,研究方向:农业气象与遥感应用。通信地址:130062 吉林省长春市西安大路6236号 吉林省气象科学研究所,Tel:0431-87953369,E-mail: swordpeace2000@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省重点科技攻关项目“基于试验的春玉米生育关键期低温冷害农业气象指标研究”(20150204014NY);基于静止卫星数据的冬小麦晚霜冻害监测评估技术研究,山东省气象局青年科研基金项目(2020SDQN04)

Low Temperature in Early Grain Filling Period of Spring Maize: Effect on Yield Components

LI Jianping1,2,3(), LIU Yuxi4, GAO Yan1,2,3, REN Jingquan1,3, SUN Yue5, GUO Chunming1,3, WANG Jing6()   

  1. 1Institute of Meteorological Science of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062
    2Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Changbai Mountain Meteorology and Climate Change, Changchun 130062
    3Jilin Province Science and Technology Innovation Center of Agro-meteorological Disaster Risk Assessment and Prevention, Changchun 130062
    4Meteorological Station of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062
    5Meteorological Observation Support Center of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062
    6College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
  • Received:2021-06-21 Revised:2021-09-13 Online:2022-04-25 Published:2022-05-18
  • Contact: WANG Jing

摘要:

旨在研究东北地区低温冷害对春玉米灌浆的影响,确定春玉米灌浆期间冷害影响农业气象指标。用人工气候室通过模拟自然低温(平均15℃、17℃、19℃)方法,对灌浆初期盆栽春玉米进行(3、5、7天)胁迫处理。结果表明:春玉米在灌浆初期经不同天数的低温处理后,穗粒数减少,穗粒重、百粒重和叶绿素降低,成熟期延迟,果穗秃尖长度和籽粒含水量增加,作物产量呈不同程度的下降。温度越低,持续时间越长,对玉米产量的影响越严重。其中在15℃低温下处理7天后,玉米产量下降最大,较对照穗粒重减少了32.4%,百粒重减少9.2%。可见,灌浆初期低温对春玉米产量结构影响最大的因素是结实率和籽粒干物质含量的双重降低。

关键词: 春玉米, 灌浆初期, 低温胁迫试验, 冷害影响, 减产

Abstract:

This study aims at studying the effect of low temperature injury on grain filling of spring maize and determining the agro-meteorological indexes of low temperature injury in the grain filling period in northeast China. Pot planted spring maize was subjected to different levels of low temperature (mean 15℃, 17℃ and 19℃) in early grain filling period for 3, 5 and 7 days in the artificial climate chamber. The results showed that low temperature treatments decreased the number of kernels per ear, the kernel weight per ear, 100-kernel weight and the chlorophyll content, postponed the maturing period and increased the length of ear bald tip and the water content of kernels. As a result, the yield was decreased in various degrees. The lower the temperature and the longer the duration of low temperature, the higher the yield reduction of maize was. The yield of maize decreased the most under the treatment of 7 days at 15℃ among all the treatments, and compared with the control treatment, the kernel weight per ear was reduced by 32.4% and the 100-kernel weight was reduced by 9.2%. Therefore, low temperature in the early kernel filling period could result in the double reduction of kernel setting rate and kernel dry matter content, which is the most important factor affecting the yield components of spring maize.

Key words: spring maize, early grain filling period, low temperature stress experiment, effect of chilling injury, yield reduction

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