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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2011, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (32): 47-55.

所属专题： 生物技术； 水产渔业

• 水产 渔业 • 上一篇    下一篇

四种淡水经济鱼类消化系统的组织学比较

许宝红 王亚楠 肖调义 钟蕾 文祝友 刘巧林 胡毅   

  • 收稿日期:2011-08-09 修回日期:2011-09-13 出版日期:2011-12-15 发布日期:2011-12-15

The comparative histology studies on digestive system of four species of economic freshwater fishes

  • Received:2011-08-09 Revised:2011-09-13 Online:2011-12-15 Published:2011-12-15

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摘要：

鱼类消化系统的组织结构特点与食性密切相关，为了给开发不同食性淡水鱼的饲料做基础研究，以黄尾密鲴（Xenocypris davidi Bleeker）、白鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）、翘嘴红鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker)、黄鳝(Monopterus albus)为研究对象，采用H.E染色法比较研究了其消化系统的组织结构特点。从比肠长、杯状细胞密度、黏膜肌层总厚度、黏膜皱褶数量和高度、肝胰脏结构等方面比较了其组织结构特征，探讨了组织结构特点与食性、环境的适应性之间的相关性。结果表明，黄尾密鲴和白鲢的比肠长在四种鱼类中最大，在设计黄尾密鲴和白鲢的饲料配方时应注重粗纤维的含量以增强适口性；消化道组织学结果表明，白鲢、翘嘴红鲌和黄鳝3种鱼的口咽腔上皮细胞中都不同程度发排列有杯状细胞，而黄尾密鲴则无，但黄尾密鲴的口咽腔的最厚，白鲢的鰓耙最发达，食道的输送食物的能力和肠的消化吸收能力由黄尾密鲴、白鲢、翘嘴红鮊、黄鳝依次减弱，消化腺的进化是伴随物种进化而进行的有一些进化和演化方面的特征，是按照黄尾密鲴、白鲢、翘嘴红鲌到黄鳝的方向进化。这些组织学特征都是适应鱼类食性与环境的结果，在设计饲料配方时需考虑鱼类的食性特点与生活环境。

关键词: 农村居民收入, 农村居民收入, 区域差距, 结构分解, 政策, 湖南省

Abstract:

Organization structure characteristics of digestive system and feeding are closely related, for basic research in different appetites freshwater fish feed, four freshwater fishes, like Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker and Monopterus albus, are studied. The histology of the digestive system in the four species fishes were studied by optical microscopes and H.E dyeability. The organizational structure characteristics have been compared, include ratio of intestine gut length to body length, density of goblet cell, mucosal muscularis aggregate thickness, mucosal ruffle quantity and length, liver and pancreas, and so on. In this study, the relationship among the feeding, environment, evolution and the morphological characteristics of digestive system histology with the four species were discussed. The results show that ratio of intestine gut length to body length is longest in Xenocypris davidi Bleeker and Hypophth- almichthys molitrix. Goblet cells are distributes in buccopharyngeal cavity epithelial cells of Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Monopterus albus, but not in buccopharyngeal cavity epithelial cells of Xenocypris davidi Bleeker. Buccopharyngeal cavity Muscle layer is more thicker in Xenocypris davidi Bleeker than in other three fish, and the gills is the densest in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. The ability of conveying food of esophageal and Intestinal digestion absorption ability becoming more and more little from Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker to Monopterus albus. Digestive gland evolution is with the evolution of species direction as from Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker to Monopterus albus.Then concluded that histologic features are adapt to predatory of fish and living environment, we should fully considered histologic features and living environment in feed formula design.