Current issue

• 2021 Vol.37 No.28 Published:05 October 2021

  Genetic Application and Mapping of Imidazolinone Herbicides Resistant Traits in Foxtail Millet Song Hui, Wang Tao, Tian Lixin, Zhang Yang, Li Long, Xing Lu, Liu Jinrong, Feng Baili 2021, 37 (28):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0749 Abstract + ( 275 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1657KB )   ( 37 ) To provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of imidazolinone resistant foxtail millet breeding, the safe dose and maximum dose of imidazolinone herbicide applied in foxtail millet were investigated, and the resistance genes to imidazolinone were preliminarily mapped. The resistant material ‘An 5158’ and sensitive material ‘Yugu 9’ were used as the research objects. The seeds and seedlings of foxtail millet were sprayed with different concentrations of imidazolinone, and the parents and BC1 populations were sprayed with 250 mL/hm 2, combined with transcriptome analysis to complete the primary mapping of resistance genes to imidazolinone. The results showed that only 14% seeds of sensitive material ‘Yugu 9’ could germinate, but could not survive at the concentration of 250 mL/hm 2, while the germination and survival rate of resistant material ‘An 5158’ were not affected. On the 7 th day of spraying, the stress response physiological indexes (SOD, POD, CAT, MDA) of the sensitive material ‘Yugu 9’ seedlings showed significant changes at 250 mL/hm 2, and the difference was significant among different spraying days, while these indexes of resistance material ‘An 5158’ began to show a similar trend at 450 mL/hm 2. When the parents and BC1 populations were sprayed with imidazolinone (250 mL/hm2), the mortality rate of the backcross generations was about 50%, which was in line with the rule of complete dominant inheritance. Based on transcriptome sequencing analysis, the resistance genes to imidazolinone herbicide of foxtail millet were located in the range of 6.8-30.8 Mb on the short arm of the 1st chromosome, and there were 9 candidate genes in this region. Herein, the safe dose of imidazolinone herbicide was determined to be 250 mL/hm2 in foxtail millet, and the complete dominant inheritance rule was verified. The preliminary mapping of the candidate genes related to imidazolinone resistance was completed, which could provide a theoretical basis for molecular assisted breeding of herbicide resistance.

  Principal Component Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits in Brassica napus Population Shang Liping, Zhao Weiguo, Guo Kaihong, Zhang Lijian, Luo Bin, Zhao Yajun, Wang Hao 2021, 37 (28):  9-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0808 Abstract + ( 329 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1167KB )   ( 61 ) To study the relationship among agronomic traits of Brassica napus and improve the breeding efficiency of new varieties, the correlation analysis and principal component analysis of agronomic traits were carried out for 229 DH materials, those traits included plant height, height of branch, number of first effective branches, height of main inflorescence, number of main inflorescence pods, economic yield per plant and biological yield per plant. The results showed that: plant height, height of branch, height of main inflorescence, economic yield per plant and biological yield per plant were partial to male parent, but the number of first effective branches and the number of main inflorescence pods were partial to female parent. The correlation analysis indicated that plant height, height of branch, number of main inflorescence pods, economic yield per plant and biological yield per plant were significantly and positively correlated, and the number of first effective branches was negatively correlated with plant height and branch height. Through the principal component analysis, the rapeseed quality traits could be integrated into plant height, number of first effective branches, and number of main inflorescence pods and branch height, with the total cumulative contribution rate of 90.0%, which basically covered the full information of the agronomic traits of Brassica napus.

  The Cultivation of High Yield and High Benefit Cassava in Different Ecological Environment Zhao Dawei, Song Jiming, Liu Weilin, Meng Fanlai, Deng Guojun, Huang Xingfen 2021, 37 (28):  14-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0759 Abstract + ( 300 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1200KB )   ( 95 ) In order to investigate the fresh yield of various cultivars of cassava in different ecological environment and to explore the cassava cultivars with high yield and high benefit, 4 cassava cultivars were studied on their fresh yield and economic benefit in six experiment sites. The results indicated that in different ecological environment, the fresh yield and the economic benefit varied among different cassava cultivars. The ‘SC124’ cultivar cultivated in Xinmajie had the highest fresh yield, which was 66816.67 kg/hm2 among the tested samples, and the cultivar also had the highest economic benefit, which was 40090.00 yuan/hm2. The experiment could provide beneficial materials for further popularizing cassava cultivars with high yield and high benefit, and methods and ways for the exploiting cassava resources.

  The Photosynthetic-light Response Characteristics of Hybrid Poplar Chen Yong, Gulanr , Wang Xingsheng, Xia Shishu, Cheng Ping, Li Hong 2021, 37 (28):  20-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100051 Abstract + ( 207 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1348KB )   ( 33 ) Modified rectangular hyperbola model was used to fit the photosynthetic-light response curve of 22 introduced hybrid poplar clones in Ili, to clarify the photosynthetic and physiological characteristics, which could provide a reference for the selection of superior trees. The results showed that: the maximal photosynthetic potential of ‘LX-2’, ‘84-306’, ‘I-262’, ‘D5-20’, ‘D5-9’, ‘DX-08-1’ and ‘DM-9-16’ was strong. ‘CD-2’, ‘D5-20’, ‘D5-9’ and ‘93-8-17’ were more efficient in the conversion of light energy. ‘93-8-18’, ‘108’, ‘CL-6’and ‘LX-6’ had low dark respiration rate, which was beneficial to organic accumulation. The clones with stronger maximum photosynthetic potential were more adaptable to the high light environment in Ili. It is suggested that the clones with small photosynthetic potential should be domesticated for many years to make them as suitable as possible to the local environment and retain the germplasm resources.

  Research Progress on Mechanism of Fraxinus velutina Responding to Salt Tolerance Fan Xinyue, Zhang Hua, Zhao Jiye, Du Zimo, Cong Richen 2021, 37 (28):  28-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0861 Abstract + ( 259 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1497KB )   ( 36 ) In this paper, the effects of salt-alkali stress on seed germination, morphology and growth, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and cell membrane permeability of Fraxinus velutina were reviewed. Its salt stress-responding morphological and physiological mechanisms including phenotypic adaptability, synthesis of osmotic adjustment substances, ion transport and regionalization, and production of protective enzymes were concluded. The research progress of molecular response mechanism of salt tolerance of F. velutina was summarized, including differential gene expression, key gene analysis and epigenetic regulation mechanism. To provide a basis for better selection and cultivation of saline alkali tolerant tree species, the elaboration on response mechanism of F. velutina under salt alkali stress, drought stress and other stresses should be strengthened.

  The Influence of Grazing on Species Diversity and Soil of Wild Fruit Forest in Western Tianshan Mountain Zhou Long, Fang Ziyan, Li Linyu, Aikebaier Maola, Lu Biao 2021, 37 (28):  35-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0325 Abstract + ( 199 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1270KB )   ( 28 ) To provide theoretical evidence for ecological recovery and protection on wild fruit forest, the relationship between plant community species diversity and soil factors under different intensities of grazing disturbance were explored in wild fruit forest of western Tianshan Mountain. Taking the undergrowth plants in the wild fruit forest as research object, according to the division method of grazing intensity and the typical plot method, 12 typical herbal samples were arranged. Using the plant species important value, species diversity and soil factor as the evaluation indexes, mild type (2-3 km from the herdsmen’s settlement), moderate type (1-2 km from the herdsmen’s settlement), and severe type (0-1 km from the herdsmen’s settlement) were compared to study the change of community structure, species diversity and soil factors. The relationship between plant community species diversity and soil factors was analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of grazing intensity, the plant composition of the community changed significantly, the plant community dominant species Cynodon dactylon and Trifolium spp. were gradually replaced by Taraxacum mongolicum. The species diversity of understory plant communities showed a gradual decline, the soil physical and chemical properties had obvious differences in the wild fruit forest of the western Tianshan Mountain. The soil organic matter and total nitrogen content showed a trend of first decrease and then increase but the total potassium content showed a gradually increasing trend. The preliminary conclusion shows that total potassium content and N/K in soil are the main soil limiting factors on the diversity of wild fruit forest communities, which is most probably caused by nutrient-restitution of livestock excrement.

  Study on the Growth, Development and Physiological Characteristics of Common Beans He Yongheng, Feng Guojun, Liu Dajun, Liu Chang, Yang Xiaoxu, Yan Zhishan 2021, 37 (28):  43-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0832 Abstract + ( 441 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1972KB )   ( 58 ) The study aims to clarify the different growth types of common bean flower bud differentiation, growth and development, and changes in physiological characteristics. By using trailing common bean ‘Jiangjun’ and dwarf common bean ‘Renaya’ as materials, the beginning and duration of each stage in the early development period were compared. The absolute growth rate, protein content and photosynthetic index were determined. In addition, the differentiation regularity and morphological structure of flower buds were observed. The results showed that the duration of the seedling stage and flowering stage of ‘Renaya’ was 15 days and 10 days shorter than those of ‘Jiangjun’ respectively. The absolute growth rate of ‘Renaya’ within 15 days after emergence was 2.14 times that of ‘Jiangjun’, and the flowering stage of ‘Jiangjun’ was 2.12 times that of ‘Renaya’. Time of flower bud differentiation of ‘Renaya’ which was 15 days after emergence was 2-3 days earlier than that of ‘Jiangjun’. Most of the flower buds of ‘Renaya’ completed differentiation and development within 10 days, which was half the time of ‘Jiangjun’. The protein content of ‘Renaya’ during flower bud differentiation was significantly lower than that of ‘Jiangjun’, and the content in flowering stage was observably higher than that of ‘Jiangjun’. However, the photosynthetic indicators of ‘Renaya’ in each stage were significantly higher than that of ‘Jiangjun’. In conclusion, the dwarf common bean ‘Renaya’ has early flower buds differentiation and short flowering period. Its growth rate is first high then low, and the rate of change is relatively fast. ‘Renaya’ also has a higher rate of photosynthesis than the trailing common bean ‘Jiangjun’ of the same period. This study can provide planting references for dwarf common bean.

  Effects of Ficus carica Sawdust on Growth and Yield of Edible Fungi Shen Meng, Quan Xinhua, Yuan Ye, Song Xiaoya, Zheng Qiaoping, Wang Ruisen, Yao Xiangtan 2021, 37 (28):  50-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0370 Abstract + ( 315 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1263KB )   ( 38 ) The role of Ficus carica sawdust in the cultivation of edible fungi is explored to find a new way for the application of agricultural waste in the edible fungi industry. The effects of F. carica sawdust on the growth and yield of Pleurotus geesteranus and Hericium erinaceus were analyzed to select the optimum addition level by studying the nutrient contents of F. carica sawdust, the extract and the contents added in the culture material. The result shows that adding F. carica sawdust could significantly reduce the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the substrate. Although the F. carica sawdust extract has a positive effect on the growth of hyphae of both P. geesteranus and H. erinaceus, but the addition of F. carica sawdust to the culture material could slow the growth rate of mycelium. Adding F. carica sawdust could make the P. geesteranus bud appear earlier, extend the harvest time of H. erinaceus, increase the protein content of fruiting bodies. During the cultivation of P. ostreatus and H. erinaceus, adding 50% and 28% F. carica sawdust respectively could increase the yield of both edible fungi.

  Analysis on Cold Resistance of Hybrid Blueberry ‘Xing’an No.1’ Tong Bin, Li Hong, Sun Bo 2021, 37 (28):  57-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0474 Abstract + ( 379 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1226KB )   ( 30 ) This paper aims to solve the problem of cold resistance evaluation of wild blueberry. The ‘Xing’an No.1’ hybrid blueberry, American bush blueberry and wild blueberry were selected as materials. Potted plants were used to implement gradient cold protection, and their physiological indicators under low temperature stress were measured. Combined with the membership function method, the cold resistance of the three blueberry varieties was comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that under moderate low temperature stress, compared with CK, the relative electrical conductivity, the MDA content, the H2O2 content, O2-rate and the ABA content of the three blueberry varieties were significantly increased; the weight values of MDA content, relative conductivity and O2-rate were relatively large, and the cold resistance order was: ‘Xing’an No.1’> wild blueberry > American bush. The results of field trials and comprehensive evaluation of cold resistance tended to be consistent.

  Effects of Drought Stress on Physiological Characteristics of Fig Leaves Jiang Lulu, Yu Kun, Liu Dongdong, Wang Junwu, Bao Xingcheng, Zheng Zhong 2021, 37 (28):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0826 Abstract + ( 234 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1322KB )   ( 34 ) The paper aims to study the physiological and biochemical mechanism of fig under drought stress and evaluate the response of fig to drought stress. Taking ‘Browns Wick’ fig as experimental material, the soil water content was set at four levels: conventional water supply (CK, 65%-75% of field capacity), mild drought (LD, 50%-55% of field capacity), severe drought (MD, 40%-45% of field capacity) and extreme drought (ED, 30%-35% of field capacity), effects of different drought stress on fig yield and leaf physical and chemical characteristics were compared. The results showed that the relative water content and chlorophyll content of fig leaves decreased significantly with the increase of stress degree, which reached the minimum value under ED treatment, 35.81% and 44.40% lower than that of CK, respectively. The content of protein, soluble sugar and malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves increased significantly with the increase of stress degree, and reached the maximum value in ED treatment, which increased by 260%, 120% and 473% respectively compared with that of CK; the contents of free proline (Pro) osmotic adjustment substance in leaves increased significantly; the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased significantly with the increase of stress degree. The average single fruit weight was 62.11g, which was 20% higher than that of CK. Under ED treatment, the plot yield was the highest, reaching 13.90kg, 41% higher than that of CK. To sum up, drought stress has a significant impact on fig yield and leaf physiological and biochemical indicators, in a certain range, the stronger the stress, the lower the fig yield; fig itself can respond to environmental conditions by regulating osmotic substances and enzyme activities.

  The Temporal and Spatial Distribution and Environmental Behavior of Antibiotic Pollution in Soil Mao Yizhi, Cai Baiyan 2021, 37 (28):  68-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0756 Abstract + ( 282 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1757KB )   ( 81 ) Antibiotic compounds have the characteristics of broad-spectrum, quick-acting, relatively low cell toxicity, etc., and are widely used in the treatment of bacterial infection in mammals, animal feed or plant organic fertilizers. With the construction of agricultural modernization, nearly 47 kinds of antibiotic compounds directly or indirectly have invaded the soil ecosystem through the application of various compound organic fertilizers, agricultural irrigation water, sewage and man-made pollutants dumping, etc. Between 2013 and 2017, the average antibiotic content of agricultural land in China increased by about 18.6%, and the pollution equivalent of some sampled land exceeded 157% of the normal value set by the United Nations. Excessive antibiotics can interfere with soil biota. Relevant studies show that antibiotic molecules in the soil could enter the plant body through transpiration and interfere with physiological activities such as root respiration and transpiration. In addition, antibiotics could also spread and accumulate through the food chain, thereby expanding the scope and harm of their pollution. This article made statistics and summaries on the relevant research on soil antibiotics from 2010 to 2020, and comprehensively discussed the research progress of the environmental behavior and temporal and spatial distribution of antibiotics in soil, aiming to provide theoretical references for the research on antibiotics in soil.

  Effect of Biochar on Passivation and Bioavailability of Cr (Ⅲ) Pollution in Grey Desert Soil Ren Jing, Ge Chunhui 2021, 37 (28):  76-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0777 Abstract + ( 254 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1222KB )   ( 30 ) The chromium Cr(Ⅲ) pollution of grey desert soil seriously affects the biological activity of the soil. To explore an effective method for the remediation of grey desert soil chromium pollution, a pot experiment was used to explore the effect of biochar application on soil chromium pollution and its bio-availability. The results showed that the application of biochar could significantly reduce the content of water-soluble chromium and the exchanged Cr of chromium-contaminated soil (P<0.05), simultaneously increased the content of reduced chromium (P<0.05). The biological activity coefficient decreased with the increase of temperature (P<0.05), and the decline amplitude was 26.70%, 41.15% and 59.45% respectively. Different biochar treatments significantly reduced the chromium content of corn grains, roots, stems and leaves (P<0.05), especially the chromium enrichment coefficient of corn plants (P<0.05), among which the biochar BC600 produced by high temperature could significantly slow down the growth inhibition caused by Cr pollution, and could significantly increase corn biomass (P<0.05), however the biomass had no significant difference compared with CK (P<0.05). Compared with the addition of chromium alone, the Cr content in maize tissue of BC600 treatment was less than 5 mg/kg, which conformed to the Cr safety standards for feed ingredients. The results could provide a theoretical basis for the soil restoration after chromium pollution in grey desert soil.

  Calculation and Analysis of Climatic Potential Productivity of Typical Solar Greenhouse in Heilongjiang Province Wang Ping, Zhu Haixia, Wang Liangliang, Wang Xiaoming, Jiang Lanqi, Li Xiufen, Jiang Lixia, Yan Ping 2021, 37 (28):  81-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0508 Abstract + ( 238 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1678KB )   ( 52 ) To calculate the climatic potential productivity of typical solar greenhouse in Heilongjiang Province and analyze its spatial and temporal distribution characteristic for making full and efficient use of limited climatic resources and providing a scientific basis for stable and high yield of facility agriculture, based on the observed data inside and outside greenhouse, the temperature prediction model was set up to simulate the temperature in the greenhouse during 1961 to 2020. The models of the photosynthetic productivity (PP) and light-temperature productivity (LTP) in solar greenhouse were established by revising the estimation model of Huang Bingwei’s photosynthetic production potential. The climatic potential productivity of different regions from 1961 to 2020 was calculated and its distribution rules were analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: during the study period, the weather types of Lindian and Youyi were mostly sunny, followed by overcast and cloudy days. The average temperature prediction models of typical solar greenhouse were established and all of them passed the reliability test (P≤0.05). The PP and LTP of solar greenhouse during 1961 to 2020 were basically the same, which increased gradually from northeast to southwest, and decreased year by year, with the highest value in May and the lowest value in December. The minimum of PP appeared in 2015, and the maximum appeared in 2020. The minimum of LTP appeared in 1995, and the maximum appeared in 2020. In this study, the climatic potential productivity of typical solar greenhouses in different regions of Heilongjiang Province from 1961 to 2020 is obtained to lay a basis for the production layout of local solar greenhouses.

  Application and Safety Evaluation of Rimsulfuron in Flue-cured Tobacco Production Zhou Wei, Xiang Deming, Tian Minghui, Yang Hongwu, Xiang Qingsong, Teng Kai, Rao Wei 2021, 37 (28):  88-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0818 Abstract + ( 406 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1302KB )   ( 39 ) The paper aims to further guide the application of the chemical herbicide rimsulfuron in flue-cured tobacco production. In this experiment, the directional spray method on tobacco stems and leaves was used to study the phytotoxicity to flue-cured tobacco caused by rimsulfuron, and evaluate its safety. We screened out two protective agents, Nai’an and Brassinolide, mixed them with rimsulfuron, and carried out protective experiments at the early stage of vigorous growth period. The results showed that 25% rimsulfuron could quickly produce the highest level of phytotoxicity to flue-cured tobacco, but the symptoms of phytotoxicity were short, and basically disappeared after 10 days of application, and disappeared after 15 days. The tobacco plants returned to normal growth, and the tobacco leaves at the mature stage had no drug residue. The two protective agents played a certain role in alleviating the phytotoxicity caused by rimsulfuron. The effect of Nai’an was better than that of brassinolide, however, the effect of both the agents on leaves directly exposed to the liquid medicine was not significant. The two protective agents reduced the control effect and duration of rimsulfuron on weeds. The appropriate concentration of rimsulfuron in tobacco production was 50-58.3 mg/kg. Once the tobacco plants showed obvious symptoms of phytotoxicity, Nai’an or brassinolide should be sprayed for protective restoration.

  Pathogen Identification and Biological Characteristics of a New Anthracnose on Cucumber Han Shuai, Wu Jie, Zhang Heqing, Liang Genyun, Xi Yadong 2021, 37 (28):  96-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0850 Abstract + ( 344 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1820KB )   ( 112 ) Identifying the pathogen causing suspected anthracnose on cucumber can lay a foundation to control the disease effectively. Experiments were performed including Koch’s postulation test, biological characteristics identification using morphology and molecular methods based on ITS, ACT and GDPH sequences. The results showed that the symptom of inoculated cucumber leaves was the same as field symptom. The pathogen’s colony was black with sparse gray-white aerial mycelium. Conidia were long cylindrical, hyaline, aseptate; acervuli generated black seta; conidial appressoria were light brown and oval, several conidia produced twins; mycelial appressoria were dark brown and irregular, sometimes were deep or slightly lobed. Based on the above morphology description, the fungus was identified as Colletotrichum brevisporum according to the results of phylogenetic analyses of multi-locus sequences including ITS region, ACT and GDPH genes. The optimum temperature and pH for mycelial growth and spore reproduction were respectively 25℃ and 8, mycelium extended the fastest in PDA and the largest amount of conidium was produced in OA. Glucose was the most suitable carbon source for mycelia growth, soluble and lactose were most beneficial to reproduction spore. Peptone and yeast extract powder were conductive to mycelial growth and the latter was the best for making spores. The lethal temperature was 49℃.

  Myrica Germplasm Resources: The Occurrence of Twig Blight Disease and Resistance in Field Yan Liju, Jiang Xin, Ren Haiying, Liang Senmiao 2021, 37 (28):  103-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0192 Abstract + ( 247 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1253KB )   ( 37 ) To provide references for the utilization and resistance breeding of Myrica resources, 112 Myrica germplasm resources in Linhai were used for studying their resistance to twig blight disease by natural infection in field condition. The results showed that 112 Myrica germplasm resources were susceptible to twig blight disease in different degrees, among which, 29 showed high resistance and resistance, accounting for 25.89%. The resistance of Myrica germplasm resources to twig blight disease was significantly different among the four species. Myrica esculenta species showed high resistance and resistance to twig blight disease, followed by Myrica rubra species, which had 25.23% germplasms of high resistance and resistance. Myrica cerifera species had 50% tolerant and 50% moderate susceptible germplasms, respectively. And the resistance of Myrica nana species was the weakest, showing high sensitivity. The susceptibility of male and female Myrica plants to twig blight disease was also different, the resistance of male plants was better than that of female plants.

  Isolation and Identification of the Pathogen Causing Stem Rot Disease in Passiflora edulia and Fungicide Screening Kuang Ruibin, Yang Hu, Yang Min, Zhou Chenping, Huang Bingxiong, Wei Yuerong 2021, 37 (28):  108-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0817 Abstract + ( 172 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2169KB )   ( 78 ) The paper aims to find out the pathogen which causes stem rot disease in passion fruit, and the chemicals to control this disease effectively. Stem rot diseased samples were collected from different Passiflora edulia production fields in Guangdong. The pathogen was isolated and determined by methods of morphological observation and molecular identification. The strains’ pathogenicity was measured, and their sensibility to eight fungicides was also detected. Results showed that eight isolated pathogen strains were identified as Fusarium solani. Based on in vivo and in vitro tests with Passiflora edulis, strains of FP6, FP7 and FP2 showed highest pathogenicity, followed by FP1, FP3, FP8 and FP4, and the lowest was FP5. Different fungicides showed effects on pathogen growth rate and pathogenicity, and 30% benazoxystrobin showed the best inhibition effects. This study could lay a material and technology base for further research on pathogenic mechanism of stem rot disease, and disease resistance breeding program of passion fruit.

  Eradication of CymMV and ORSV from Tissue Culture of Phalaenopsis aphrodita with Chemotherapy Jing Jing, Li Jun, Liu Fengjun, Xu Jun, Jiang Hongwei, Li Qing 2021, 37 (28):  115-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0342 Abstract + ( 313 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1127KB )   ( 45 ) The paper aims to explore the virus removal of Phalaenopsis with shoot tip culture and provide technical support for the industrialized virus-free seedling culture. Due to long-term industrial production, Phalaenopsis is often infected with various viruses, which have resulted in withered leaves, chlorosis, necrosis and so on, causing abnormal discoloration of flowers. The peduncles of plants detected with CymMV and ORSV were cultured to induce cespitose buds. The cespitose buds were multiplicated by sub-culture and test-tube plantlets were taken for virus eradicated treatment. Meristem-tips of vitro plantlets were cut for culturing. When the stem-tips were 1-6 mm in length, with the tip length increase, the survival rate of tips increased, and the virus-free rate of regenerated plantlets was significantly reduced. 2-3 mm length of meristem-tips were cut and immersed separately with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/L of antiviral agent ribavirin for 15 min, and then cultured for 30 d in the medium with ribavirin of the corresponding concentration, followed by sub-culture, and the regenerated plantlets were obtained. The plants before virus eradicating and the regenerated plantlets after virus eradicating were detected for CymMV and ORSV by the way of ELISA, and whether there were viruses in the samples were judged by chromogenic reaction. The experiment results showed that the survival rate of the regenerated plantlets reduced as the concentration of ribavirin increased, under the treatment of 40 mg/L of ribavirin, the meristem of vitro plantlets was transparent and browned seriously, which could not achieve regenerated plantlets. Oppositely the virus-free rate of the regenerated plantlets rose with the increase of the ribavirin concentration, by adding 30 mg/L ribavirin to the culture medium, the virus-free rate increased by 22.3% compared with that of the purely shoot tip culture.

  Effects of Artificial Accelerated Aging on Milling, Cooking and Storage Quality of Paddy Rice Miao Xuexue, Liu Zemin, Tao Shuhua, Yu Yaying, Huang Weidong, Zhou Kun, Yang Biaoren 2021, 37 (28):  121-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0741 Abstract + ( 229 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1177KB )   ( 41 ) Artificial accelerated aging with high temperature and high humidity was applied in this paper to explore the changes in milling, cooking and storage quality of different paddy rice varieties during storage. Three high-quality rice varieties and three hybrid rice varieties were used as materials to be stored at 100% relative humidity and 40℃ for 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 d, respectively. The results showed that fatty acid value of rice were sensitive to the aging process and exhibited very obvious changes, but the increase in high-quality rice was significantly greater than that of hybrid rice. There was no significant difference in brown rice percentage, protein content and gel consistency during the process of accelerated aging. The amylose content of high-quality rice had an upward trend, and the head rice percentage of paddy rice had been reduced after aging treatment. The quality change of rice under vacuum packaging was less than that of mesh bag packaging, which showed that vacuum packaging could appropriately delay the aging of rice. This study provides a theoretical basis for delaying paddy aging during storage.

  Drying Standard and Rapid Detection Technology of Green Raisin Based on Texture and Sensory Evaluation Method Zhang Wen, Han Shou’an, Wang Min, , AIermaike· Caikasim, Zhong Haixia, Wang Huan, Pan Mingqi, Xie Hui 2021, 37 (28):  128-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0196 Abstract + ( 320 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1358KB )   ( 38 ) The high economic value of green raisins is an important support to maintain the dominant position of Xinjiang grape industry. The moisture content of raisins has a great influence on the color, nutritional quality, texture characteristics, and sensory taste experience of raisins, but there are few related studies. In this study, the correlation analysis was carried out on the quality, texture characteristics and sensory tasting results of raisins with different moisture contents, to apply the quantitative texture determination technology to the production of raisins. The results showed that the color of raisins with different moisture contents had certain differences, of which the difference in green color was the most significant. The texture characteristics of raisins showed a good linear upward or downward trend in the range of 11.9%-19.2% moisture content. The sensory taste results of raisins with different moisture contents were quite different in different populations. Raisins with high moisture content had higher sensory scores in different age groups. According to the sensory evaluation results and the comprehensive evaluation of storage characteristics of raisins, the moisture content of raisins in production should be controlled at 14%-17%. Fitting the moisture content and texture index of raisins, the relative error between the predicted value and the measured value was small, the relative error of elasticity was the minimum of 2.91%, and the relative error of adhesion was the maximum of 13.33%. The hardness prediction values of 14%-17% raisin moisture content were 1349.86, 1191.75, 1033.64, 875.53g respectively. Using hardness as an index, this paper explored the rapid calculation of moisture content, elasticity, chewiness and other indexes of raisins. The fitting degree was high. The fitting equation between hardness and moisture content was y=(-0.00006x+0.2191)×100, and R2 value was 0.9171. To sum up, the color quality of raisins with different moisture contents was quite different. Different groups of people preferred to raisins with higher moisture content. It is feasible to quickly calculate the moisture content and other texture characteristics of raisins by using hardness value. The research results can provide data support and a theoretical basis for standardized production of green raisins.

  Visualization Analysis of Research Hotspots of Rice Protein Sun Meng, Li Rongtian 2021, 37 (28):  136-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0476 Abstract + ( 212 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 3447KB )   ( 109 ) This article aims to provide relevant information about the current research status and hotspots in the field of rice protein. Based on relevant literature on the theme of ‘rice protein’ in the core database of Web of Science from 2018 to 2020, we studied the number of articles, institutions, institutional cooperation co-occurrence, high-frequency keywords by using the bibliometrics method and visual analysis software Citespace. The results show that the top 5 countries in the research field of rice protein from 2018 to 2020 are China, the United States, India, Japan, and South Korea; institutions with high numbers of publishing articles are all from China, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences ranks the first in publishing article numbers; the institutions that cooperate closely with other institutions are the International Rice Research Institute, Cornell University, and the University of California, Davis; Wang J publishes the most papers in the field of rice protein during 2018-2020, with 105 articles, followed by Zhang Y, Wang Y and Li Y, and there is still room for cooperation and exchanges among the authors; the current research hotspots in the field of rice protein are mainly proteomics analysis and genetic modification that regulate physiological properties such as stress resistance, and in the future, it is possible that the accumulation and output of rice protein, and the optimization of related genes will be the research hotspots in related fields.

  Research Status of Soil Microbial Metagenomics: Based on Citespace Bibliometric Analysis Li Jingchao, She Rong, Yang Xiaoyan 2021, 37 (28):  142-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0811 Abstract + ( 259 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 2634KB )   ( 45 ) This research used China National Knowledge Network (CNKI) and Web of Science database from 2005 to 2020 as the document source, and bibliometric method was used to analyze the current status of soil microbial metagenomics research field. The results show that the studies on soil microbial metagenomics conducted by Chinese and foreign scholars using high-throughput technology increase continuously. The research objects are mainly about bacteria and fungi. The research habitats involve rhizosphere, sediment, and etc. There is close cooperation between research institutions and authors of English publications, while the cooperation between institutions and authors of Chinese publications is mainly centered on the Chinese Academy of Sciences system. In terms of publication quality, the citation rate of the literature published by American scholars is the highest, while the citation rate of literature published by Chinese scholars is relatively low. Based on the results of literature analysis, we suggest that the future high-throughput sequencing-based soil microbial metagenomics research should focus on interdisciplinary study, further strengthen cooperation among institutions and researchers, and use innovative thinking to comprehensively analyze soil microbial at different levels such as gene and function level, thus deeply exploring the ecological functions of soil microorganisms and providing services for the sustainable development of the ecosystem.

  Influence of Chiral Difference on the Degradation of Fenvalerate in Aquaculture Sediment Environment Song Chao, Zou Jianmin, Wang Qian, Chen Xi, Fang Longxiang, Qiu Liping, Chen Jiazhang 2021, 37 (28):  153-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0727 Abstract + ( 171 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1405KB )   ( 30 ) To study the dynamic degradation regulation of fenvalerate (FV) and its chiral isomers (trans-isomer: FV1 and FV2; cis-isomer: FV3 and FV4) in aquaculture sediment, the degradation regulation of FV and chiral isomers were studied through laboratory simulation. The degradation of FV in sediment followed the first-order degradation kinetics. The half-lives of FV in the sediment ranged from 19.47 to 38.73 days. There was no significant difference in the degradation half-lives of FV. Nevertheless, the half-lives of different chiral isomers in the sediment were different. The degradation half-life of FV1 was substantially longer than those of other isomers, and the degradation half-life of FV3 was significantly longer than those of FV2 and FV4. FV underwent α-C isomerization in the sediment. When the conversion was carried out for 21 d, the conversion rate was slowing down and the changes in conversion products decreased. Because FV had a long accumulation period in sediments, the direct exposure of sediment to FV should be minimized. To effectively conduct environmental and ecological risk assessments of FV, the different chiral isomers should be distinguished in sediment FV residues.

  New Discharge Standard of Fishing Vessel Diesel Engine Based on Bench Test Li Shengyong, Zheng Jianli, Zhang Zhuli 2021, 37 (28):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0719 Abstract + ( 144 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1317KB )   ( 32 ) The Ministry of Environmental Protection issued GB 15097—2016 Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Marine Engines (CHINA Ⅰ, Ⅱ) in 2016. Compared with the requirements in Statutory Inspection Technique Rules of Fishing Vessels (L≥12 m Domestic Marine Fishing Vessel 2017), this standard increased three controlling items of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and particle matters, while the emission limit of nitric oxide is remarkably enhanced. To gain the technical status of the mainstream diesel engine emission of fishing vessels in China and know about the gap of fulfilling the new standard, emission pollutant tests and deterioration tests were conducted on two typical diesel engines of fishing vessels for verification. The test results indicate that the typical diesel engines of fishing vessels could meet CHINA Ⅰ requirements of the new standard but they still have a great gap from meeting CHINA Ⅱ requirements. The particulate matter emission exceeds the limit by 25%-53% in the two stages. Through the comparative analysis of test data in the two diesel engines, it could be found that the fuel injection mode is the key factor to cut down particulate matter emission and effectively reduce the deterioration degree of diesel engines. Some advices are given to fulfill CHINA Ⅱ requirements better for diesel engines of fishing vessels, including postponing the validity of CHINA Ⅱ in the new standard; encouraging the development of new products and promoting the introduction of advanced technologies; controlling fuel oil quality of real ships and enhancing the environmental awareness of fishermen; and reinforcing the supervision strength of real ships.