Abstract: To take the way of which natural alkaline water was added into the water of desalinated shrimp pond, acute toxicity of water alkalinity and pH to desalination white-leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei ) juvenile shrimp was determined by one-way toxicity test in indoor, and the test of live ability of juvenile shrimp was made in natural alkaline waters. The results showed that 24, 48 and 96 hours LC50 of alkalinity to juvenile shrimp were 12.94, 11.89 and 11.65 mmol/L at pH of 7.41~7.62 and at salinity of 3.56‰~3.45‰, respectively, and SC was 3.10 mmol/L. 24 hours EC50 of alkalinity to juvenile shrimp was 2.78 mmol/L at pH of 7.33~7.41 and at salinity of 3.62‰~3.56‰. In the 3.58‰~3.31‰, when alkalinity was 5.37~ 19.71 mmol/L, 24 and 48 hours LpH50 to juvenile shrimp were 9.26~8.54 and 9.14~8.47, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours LpH50 to juvenile shrimp were 9.26~8.98, 9.14~8.86, 9.10~8.80 and 9.00~8.80 at alkalinity of 5.37~14.66 mmol/L, respectively. At alkalinity was 5.37, 10.72. 14.66 and 19.71 mmol/L, SpH to juvenile shrimp was 8.42, 8.23, 8.14 and 7.85, respectively. When alkalinity was 25.33~36.42 mmol/L, alkalinity and pH restricts juvenile shrimp live before salinity in natural alkaline waters. Adaptive capacity of juvenile shrimp to alkalinity and pH is not so powerful as of freshwater fish, it can not still adapt to high alkalinity and pH of water environment in northeast China.