The study aims to screen superior wheat varieties suitable for cultivation under the current context of rapid wheat cultivar renewal and iteration, to provide references for achieving coordinated improvement of yield and quality in rice stubble wheat selection in the Lixiahe region. Using 13 different gluten-type wheat varieties including 'Yanmai 1' as test materials, a single-factor randomized block design was adopted. The grain yield was measured manually and converted to 13% moisture content. The water content, protein content and starch content were determined by near infrared analyzer. Test weight meter and hardness meter were employed to measure grain test weight and hardness. Flour yield was determined after milling and sieving. The wet gluten content and gluten index was determined with a gluten washing instrument according to the method of GB/T 5506.2-2008. The settlement value was determined by AACC 56-61A method. The data were processed and analyzed by SPSS with LSD method. Y1 and Z13 showed the highest yield, which were above 7700 kg/hm² and increased by 12.12% to 25.68% compared with other varieties, while simultaneously meeting national quality standards for medium-gluten wheat: grain hardness ≥60%, test weight ≥770 g/L, protein content ≥12.5%, and wet gluten content ≥26%. N13 demonstrated relatively high yield (6936 kg/hm²) with protein content (12.41%), wet gluten content (24.11%) and sedimentation value (24.32 mL) all reaching national standards for weak-gluten wheat. Other varieties showed moderate yield levels with more complex and overlapping quality indicators. This experiment demonstrates that 'Yanmai 1', 'Zhenmai 13' and 'Ningmai 13' respectively represent high-yielding and high-quality medium-gluten varieties, and stable-yielding high-quality weak-gluten varieties suitable for promotion in this region, laying a solid foundation for coordinated improvement of yield and quality in rice stubble wheat cultivation in the Lixiahe region.

To study the effects of mixed planting of barley varieties with different edge types and their combinations on forage yield, field experiments were conducted with four barley cultivars: two-rowed short-statured ‘Baopimai 26’ and ‘Baopimai 28’, and six-rowed medium-tall ‘Baodamai 20’ and ‘Baodamai 25’. Eight treatments were designed for both single planting and mixed planting comparative experiments. The results showed that, in single planting experiment, there was no significant difference in fresh grass yield between ‘Baodamai 25’ and ‘Baopimai 28’, which were significantly higher than those of ‘Baopimai 26’ and ‘Baodamai 20’. In mixed planting experiment, the combinations of the two-rowed cultivar ‘Baopimai 28’ and the six-rowed cultivars ‘Baodamai 25’ and ‘Baodamai 20’ produced the highest fresh forage yields, reaching 41.36 t/hm² and 31.19 t/hm², respectively. Compared with single planting of ‘Baopimai 28’, these mixed planting increased yields by 8.14% and 14.14%, respectively, and compared with single planting of ‘Baodamai 25’, they increased yields by 3.63% and 9.38%, respectively. Thus it is not recommended to mix the two-rowed cultivar ‘Baopimai 26’ with other cultivars. Moreover, the six-rowed cultivar ‘Baodamai 25’ performed better than ‘Baodamai 20’ in mixed cultivation.

To investigate the effects of the potato-legume intercropping system on soil enzyme activity and potato yield in the arid region of southern Ningxia, a field positioning experiment with three different planting patterns, including potato monoculture (P), potato-soybean intercropping (PS), potato-broad bean intercropping (PB) were conducted for two consecutive years from 2020 to 2021 to explore the differences of soil enzyme activity and potato yield in different intercropping patterns. The results revealed that intercropping significantly enhanced the activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and acid phosphatase in 0-60 cm soil. The enzyme activities of each treatment were basically manifested as PS>PB>P, which increased first and then decreased during the whole growth period, and gradually decreased with the deepening of soil layer. In 2020, the activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and acid phosphatase of PS were 0.51%-4.69%, 7.96%-152.23%, 3.22%-192.00%, 5.75%-175.80% and 1.28%-9.10%, 4.11%-53.99%, 3.61%-140.27%, 4.27%-133.7% higher than those of PB and P, respectively. In 2021, the activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and acid phosphatase of PS were 0.20%-4.63%, 0.84%-93.93%, 4.26%-143.26%, 4.85%-50.41% and 0.13%-8.83%, 0.05%-94.53%, 1.13%-334.33%, 7.15%-99.34% higher than those of PB and P, respectively. The potato yield showed PS>PB>P in both years. In 2020, PS and PB significantly increased by 13.96% and 5.33% compared with P, respectively. In 2021, PS and PB significantly increased by 33.85% and 14.31% compared with P, respectively (P<0.05). Through principal component analysis, the comprehensive scores of P, PS and PB in 2020 and 2021 were -0.79, 2.55, -1.75 and -2.69, 3.36, -0.68, respectively, and PS was the highest in both years. The intercropping of potato and leguminous crops promoted the increase of soil catalase, urease, sucrase and acid phosphatase activities, which provided a certain basis for soil formation and soil fertility improvement, and provided a better environment for potato growth and development, thus increasing the yield of potato. In this study, potato-soybean intercropping had the advantage of intercropping and could significantly increase potato yield.

This study aimed to develop a new cassava cultivar with high and stable yield, high starch content, resistance to carmine spider mites, and wide adaptability. Using the compact and high-yielding cassava cultivar 'South China 11' ('SC11') as the female parent and the high-starch, carmine spider mite-resistant cultivar 'Guire 891' ('GR891') as the male parent, a systematic breeding procedure was implemented to develop the new elite cassava cultivar 'Yunreshu No.1'. In regional and production trials, its fresh root yields reached 42.42 t/ha and 40.44 t/ha, representing yield increases of 14.09% and 16.41%, respectively, compared with the main Chinese cultivar 'South China 205' ('SC205'). The starch content of fresh roots was 26.11% (specific gravity method) and 36.02% (acid hydrolysis method), both higher than the control 'SC205'. The average mite damage indices were 23.72% and 26.01%, respectively, demonstrating mite resistance. This variety was officially certified by the National Tropical Crops Variety Approval Committee on December 25, 2023 (Approval No.: Repinshen 2023004). 'Yunreshu No.1' is a new cassava cultivar characterized by high and stable yield, high starch content, and resistance to carmine spider mites. It exhibits strong market competitiveness in major cassava-growing regions such as Yunnan, Hainan, Jiangxi, and Guangxi, and holds significant potential for enhancing cassava production, farmer income, and industrial efficiency.

Analysis of the response pattern of sigma factor coding gene OsSIG5 in rice (Oryza sativa) to stress and hormones could provide references for further exploring the functions of OsSIG5 and its homologous genes. Firstly, the bioinformatics of OsSIG5 was performed, and the expression patterns of OsSIG5 in rice under normal and stress conditions were analyzed by quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that the coding region of OsSIG5 was 1503 bp in length, containing 6 exons and encoding 500 amino acids. The OsSIG5 protein had three conserved domains of the σ⁷⁰ family, and phylogenetic analyses showed that the SIG5 homologous protein of monocotyledonous plants was closely related to OsSIG5. The promoter region of OsSIG5 contained 16 plant hormone response cis-elements and 20 environmental stress response cis-elements. OsSIG5 was mainly expressed in rice leaves. The expression of OsSIG5 in leaves was significantly increased under 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) treatment, but significantly decreased under gibberellic acid (GA₃), indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. In addition, the expression level of OsSIG5 in leaves was significantly decreased after high temperature, low temperature, drought and salt stress treatment. This study showed that OsSIG5 could respond to various hormone signals and abiotic stress signals.

This study aims to screen rhizobia strains that demonstrate antagonistic effects against pathogens causing root rot in Chinese herbal medicines materials and exhibit significant growth-promoting properties. The target strains isolated from soil were purified using the plate streaking method. Following purification, the antagonistic activity of the strains, their fermentation broths, and sterile supernatants was evaluated against 4 pathogenic bacteria. The species identification of the tested strains was conducted using morphological and molecular biological techniques. The control effect and growth-promoting effect of the tested strains on root rot disease of Chinese medicinal materials were evaluated by seed soaking and root irrigation experiments. The results showed that the isolated strain LQR-15 was identified as Sinorhizobium meliloti. The antagonistic effect of this strain on four pathogenic bacteria ranged from 10.61% to 24.17%. The indoor control effect on Astragalus root rot was 78.58%, and the field control effect was 68.42%. In addition, after treatment with LQR-15 strain, the plant height of Astragalus membranaceus, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Hedysarum polybotrys increased by 30.39%, 32.79%, and 67.99% respectively compared to the control group (CK), and the biomass increased by 0.14 g, 0.26 g, and 0.26 g respectively. The root length, aboveground and underground dry weight was significantly higher than those of the control group. In summary, the selected Sinorhizobium meliloti strain demonstrates strong antagonistic effects and certain control effects on the root rot pathogens of Chinese medicinal materials, while also significantly promoting the growth of Chinese medicinal materials.

The study aimed to explore the application effects of different fertilization modes for reduction and efficiency with fertilizer quota system on single-cropping late rice and its influence on soil fertility in the mid-low hilly areas of western Zhejiang Province. Using the rice variety ‘Yongyou 1540’ as the experimental material, four different fertilization treatments were set up to carry out the experiment for combined applications of slow (controlled) release fertilizers. The results showed that: under the premise that the total nutrient content of chemical fertilizers was reduced by 15.5%, applying slow (controlled) release fertilizers (T₁), and under the premise that the total nutrient content of chemical fertilizers was reduced by 23.7%, applying slow (controlled) release fertilizers combined with organic fertilizers (T₂), compared with conventional fertilization (CF), the yields of single-cropping late rice increased by 12.1% and 15.8%, respectively, the partial factor productivity from fertilizers increased by 32.8% and 51.9%, respectively, the agronomic use efficiency of fertilizers increased by 60.8% and 92.3%, respectively, and the profits increased by 25.6% and 13.1%, respectively. The contents of available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter and the pH under the fertilization patterns of T₁ and T₂ were all significantly higher than those under conventional fertilization (CF). The soil fertility improvement ability and soil acidification improvement ability of T₂ were stronger than those of T₁. The results of this study could provide technical support for fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase and agricultural green development in the mid-low hilly areas of western Zhejiang Province.

The traditional soil-based rice seedling methods for mechanical transplanting are time consuming and laborious. Slow-released fertilizer in rice seedling tray is an important way to achieve efficient cultivation of rice. The effects of slow-released fertilizer in rice seedling tray on seedling growth, NPK release characteristics and rice yield were studied. The rice seedling experiment was set up with two treatments: rice seedling with nutrient soil and rice seedling with slow-released fertilizer. In further, the field experiment was set up with five treatments: no nitrogen application, conventional fertilization, one-time fertilization with slow-released fertilizer (OFSRF), one-time fertilization with side-deep fertilization (OFSDF) and one-time fertilization with slow-released fertilizer in rice seedling tray (OFSS). The results of the rice seedling experiment showed that the main release time of NPK in the slow-released fertilizer in the rice seedling tray was day 7 and day 13, and the main absorption time of nitrogen by rice was on day 8- day 9, and the main absorption time of phosphorus and potassium was on day 13. Compared with conventional rice seedling, the aboveground fresh weight, leaf number, plant height and stem diameter treated with rice seedling with slow-released fertilizer increased by 37.30%, 66.67%, 44.57% and 13.43%, respectively, and the chlorophyll content and nitrogen content of the leaves increased by 29.33% and 53.32%, respectively. The results of the field experiment showed that compared with the OFSRF and OFSDF, the rice yield of OFSS was significantly increased by 10.73% (P<0.05) and 6.69% (P<0.05), while the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate was significantly increased by 26.51% (P<0.05) and 14.97%. In summary, compared with conventional rice seedling, rice seedling with slow-released fertilizer improved the aboveground growth and nutrient content of seedling. Under the same fertilization level in the field, one-time fertilization with slow-released fertilizer in rice seedling tray could increase rice yield and improve nitrogen utilization efficiency.

The aim was to clarify the distribution characteristics and driving factors of soil fertility in the production area of millet in Hebei Province, and provide a theoretical basis for the practice of millet production. This study was based on the data of cultivated land quality evaluation monitoring points in Hebei Province, the modified Nemerow index method was used to calculate the soil fertility index, and the main driving factors of soil fertility index were evaluated according to the random forest results. The analysis of variance showed that the average values of total nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium and pH were 1.15 g/kg, 19.55 g/kg, 34.47 mg/kg, 165.56 mg/kg and pH 7.64, respectively. The contents of total nitrogen, organic matter, available potassium and pH were the highest in southern Hebei, which were 1.28 g/kg, 21.44 g/kg, 197.2 mg/kg and pH 8.14, respectively, and the available phosphorus content was the highest in eastern Hebei (67.16 mg/kg). The average soil fertility index of the main millet producing areas in Hebei Province was 1.21, with the primary driving factors ranking as available phosphorus>available potassium>pH>organic matter>total nitrogen. From the perspective of spatial distribution, the fourth and fifthgrade cultivated lands were predominantly located in northern and eastern Hebei, and the thirdgrade and above cultivated lands were mainly distributed in central and southern Hebei. The soil fertility index in eastern Hebei region was most strongly influenced by available potassium, whereas in southern, northern and central Hebei, it was primarily driven by available phosphorus. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between total nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium, and all of them were significantly positively correlated with soil fertility index. pH value was significantly negatively correlated with available phosphorus, and positively correlated with available potassium and elevation. There was a significant positive correlation between elevation and available potassium. The soil fertility in Hebei millet production area was at the upper middle level, but there were distribution differences, and there was great potential for improvement. The cultivated land of grade 3 (IFI=1.2~1.5) and above accounted for 49.46% of the total area, exhibiting a trend of lower fertility in the northwest and higher fertility in the southeast. On the whole, the available nutrients (available potassium and available phosphorus) had a stronger driving effect on soil fertility index than total nutrients, but the relationship between fertility index, nutrient content and millet yield remain unclear, necessitating further indepth research through regional experiments in the future.

To investigate the changing characteristics of soil nutrients in tomato protected cultivation, enhance the fertilization management for protected vegetables, and promote the sustainable development of protected agriculture, the plow layer in the cultivated areas of tomato protected cultivation was selected as the research object. Soil physical and chemical properties were measured by conventional detection methods to analyze nutrient changes. The results showed that in the study areas of tomato protected cultivation, the pH of the soil and the content of water-soluble salts increased. The content of organic matter was above the medium level, and the contents of available nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were abundant. The soil was in a state of secondary salinization and excessive nutrient enrichment. In addition, the contents of trace elements were uneven across the soil. In the subsequent planting process, it was recommended to increase the application of organic fertilizers to raise the content of soil organic matter, improve the soil structure, and promote microbial activities. Meanwhile, attention should be given to the combined application of fertilizers containing secondary and micronutrients along with those containing macronutrients to balance the nutrients supply of soil, and increase overall productivity.

To screen the wheat varieties suitable for planting in the Cd-contaminated farmland of Hebei Piedmont Plain, the field experiment was conducted to study the yield and differential characteristics of cadmium absorption of 48 local main wheat varieties. The results showed that there were significant differences in the yield and the ability to absorb and accumulate Cd among 48 wheat varieties (P<0.05). The yield of ‘Shimai 27’ was the highest (10538.6 kg/hm²), which was 6.33%-42.41% higher than that of other wheat varieties. The yield of ‘Shimai 26’ was the second highest, which was 6.77%-38.51% higher than that of other wheat varieties. The grain Cd contents and enrichment coefficients of ‘Shimai 26’, ‘Zhongxinmai 48’, ‘Malan 6’ and ‘Kenong 2011’ were relatively low, ranging from 0.115 to 0.133 mg/kg and from 0.032 to 0.038, respectively. The Cd transport coefficients of ‘Kenong 2011’, ‘Zhongxinmai 48’ and ‘Shimai 26’ were relatively low, ranging from 0.273 to 0.291. The results of cluster analysis showed that there were 2 varieties of low Cd accumulation, 19 varieties with relatively low Cd accumulation, 3 varieties with low Cd translocation, and 7 varieties with relatively low Cd translocation. By comprehensive evaluation of wheat yield, grain Cd content, enrichment coefficient and transport coefficient, ‘Shimai 26’, ‘Zhongxinmai 48’ and ‘Kenong 2011’ were identified as Cd low accumulation type wheat varieties for safe production in the Cd-contaminated farmland.

The aim is to investigate the variations in total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen (specifically ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) in soils characterized by differing fertility levels when treated with varying dosages of pig manure, elucidating the impact of different application rates of pig manure on nitrogen content in soils with distinct fertility levels. Indoor soil culture experiments were conducted to assess low, medium and high fertility soils subjected to various rates of pig manure application. The results showed that the total nitrogen content in the soil increased in response to higher applications of pig manure. Notably, when a substantial amount of pig manure was applied to high-fertility soil, the ammonium nitrogen content reached its peak at 5.68 mg/kg. Conversely, in medium-fertility soil treated with a high quantity of pig manure, the nitrate nitrogen content was maximized at 23.32 mg/kg. This phenomenon can be attributed to the negatively charged nature of nitrate nitrogen, which was not retained by soil colloids; thus, elevated levels of nitrate nitrogen in the soil correspond to an increased risk of leaching. Therefore, it is evident that there is a significant positive correlation between the total nitrogen content and ammonium nitrogen content in the soil and the application rate of pig manure.ontent with the application rate of pig manure. Furthermore, the application of high quantities of pig manure to soils with moderate fertility levels is more likely to result in the loss of soil nitrate nitrogen. These findings suggested that, in practical agricultural production, the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution caused by the application of pig manure can be mitigated while still adhering to the maximum carrying capacity of pig manure on dry farmland, thereby achieving certain agricultural economic benefits.

Spring water temperature forecasting in rice-shrimp fields allows farmers to anticipate temperature trends in advance, providing critical guidance for decisions on seedling stocking timing, aquaculture management, disease prevention, and anti-stress preparation. Based on the principle of energy balance, this study analyzes variations in surface solar radiation, effective back radiation from the water surface, latent heat exchange, and sensible heat exchange. By calculating the energy budget deficit of the water body and applying heat balance and mass transport equations for a micro-element water body, a spring rice-shrimp field water temperature forecast model is established and validated. The results are as follows. (1) The trends of the forecasted water temperature are basically the same as those of the measured water temperature but exhibit phase lags, indicating a delayed response in predictions; (2) Under clear-sky conditions, hourly forecasts of water temperature exhibit small deviations from measurements, with average absolute errors for daily mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures ranging from 0.3 to 0.5℃. This model demonstrates practical applicability, high precision, and reliable results. Compared with statistical methods, this physically-based model offers stronger interpretability and superior simulation accuracy, thereby enhancing the accuracy of spring water temperature forecasts in rice-shrimp fields.

In order to explore the effect of UV radiation exposure on the main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco, the UV radiation data of 8 tobacco automatic stations in Shiyan area in recent 10 years were used to analyze the correlation degree of the main chemical components of tobacco leaves in different parts of each tobacco planting area. The results showed that: (1) the UV radiation exposure in the field stage and each growth stage in the tobacco planting areas of Fangxian and Zhuxi Counties showed an increasing trend; in the tobacco-growing areas of Zhushan County and Yunxi County, the UV radiation exposure in the field stage showed a decreasing trend with the interannual variation, and the decrease was more obvious in the field stage and various growth stages in the tobacco-growing areas of Zhushan County, mainly in the flourishing and mature stages. (2) The contents and ratios of the main chemical components of tobacco leaves in different tobacco planting areas were unstable, the coefficient of variation was different, and there was a large spatial difference. (3) UV radiation exposure was closely related to some major chemical components of tobacco leaves. Among which, UV radiation exposure was positively correlated with nicotine content, and negatively correlated with total nitrogen content and potassium content; the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and chlorine were less affected by UV radiation exposure. In this paper, the relationship between UV radiation exposure and the main chemical components of tobacco was discussed through the analysis of the influence of UV radiation exposure on the chemical composition of tobacco leaves, which provided a scientific basis for the quality identification of tobacco leaves, and provided a reference for the regional positioning and production area layout of high-quality characteristic tobacco leaves.

In order to study the heterogeneity of precipitation in the 24 solar terms in Qaidam Basin and its influence on the yield and growth stage of Lycium barbarum, daily precipitation data from 10 stations in Qaidam Basin during 1961-2020 were used by mathematical statistics, inverse distance weight interpolation (IDW) method, Mann-Kendall mutation test and other statistical methods. The characteristics of temporal and spatial variation, periodic variation and mutation test of precipitation concentration and concentration period in 24 solar terms were analyzed. The results showed that the annual precipitation of the 24 solar terms showed an overall increasing trend and decreased from east to west in space. The Cv value of precipitation in the west was obviously greater than that in the east, and the precipitation showed a decreasing trend in 2000 and an increasing trend in 2001. PCD showed an insignificant decreasing trend, and the precipitation distribution tended to be uniform. The maximum value was 0.83 (in 1984), and the minimum value was 0.55 (in 2007). The spatial distribution was different, showing a small-large-small-large change pattern from east to west. PCP showed an insignificant advance trend, the highest value appeared between‘Great Heat’and‘Start of Autumn’, and the lowest value appeared between‘Grain Buds’and‘Grain in Ear’, and showed a ‘late-early-early-late-early’ spatial distribution from east to west. There was no mutation of PCD in 60 years. There were 5 mutations in PCP, 3 mutations were decreased and 2 mutations were increased. The precipitation of the 24 solar terms has a significant effect on the yield of Lycium barbarum, but the precipitation concentration and the precipitation concentration period of the 24 solar terms have little effect on the yield of Lycium barbarum. The influence of precipitation, concentration degree and concentration period of the 24 solar terms on the key stage of Lycium barbarum growth in Qaidam Basin is completely different.

It is of great significance to study and forecast the phenological period of Korla fragrant pear in order to accurately grasp its growth cycle, optimize cultivation management, and improve yield and quality. The phenological evolution trend of Korla fragrant pear and the influence of main meteorological factors on the phenological period were analyzed by means of trend analysis, correlation analysis and significance test. Two machine learning algorithms, random forest (RF) and long short-term memory (LSTM), were used to predict the flowering period. The results showed that, in spring phenology, the peak stage of leaf development was delayed at a rate of 0.29 d/a, and the rest showed an advance trend, with an advance rate of 0.12-0.37 d/a, in which the advance of flower bud opening stage was the largest, and that of flowering peak stage was the least. In the autumn phenophase, the fruit ripening stage was advanced by 0.14 d/a, and the leaf discoloration stage and defoliation stage were delayed by 0.03-0.15 d/a. The growing season extended at a rate of 0.14 d/a, and the elongation was more obvious after 2012. Temperature is the main meteorological factor affecting the phenological period, and its influence on the spring phenological period is greater than that on the autumn phenological period. Sunshine hours and precipitation will also affect the phenological period. RF is better than LSTM in predicting the initial flowering period, and LSTM is better than RF in predicting the full flowering period. The research is expected to provide scientific basis for the optimization of cultivation management, quality and efficiency improvement, disaster prevention and mitigation of Korla fragrant pear.

This review aims to explore the storage and preservation conditions of lily bulbs, analyze the impact of bulb diseases on storage efficacy, and examine the application prospects of existing preservation techniques and the antibacterial preservation potential of plant essential oils. By integrating existing research on disease types affecting lily bulb storage, current preservation technologies, and the antibacterial effects of plant essential oils, this study assesses the impacts of different preservation techniques on storage outcomes, summarizes findings, and provides recommendations. Lily bulbs are prone to bulb rot disease during storage, primarily caused by pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium commune, Fusarium proliferatum, and Curvularia pseudobrachyspora. Commonly used storage and preservation technologies include physical preservation chemical preservation, biological preservation, and combined preservation techniques. Meanwhile, plant essential oils demonstrate significant efficacy in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, offering novel insights for improving lily bulb storage and preservation. Investigating lily bulb storage diseases and preservation techniques provides critical references and a theoretical basis for advancing the application of preservation technologies in lily storage practices.

In order to excavate a new plant-derived medicament for storage pests and effectively develop and utilize Stellera chamaejasme L., a poisonous weed, using different organs and extracts of Stellera chamaejasme L. as test materials, three common storage pests were tested by fumigation and avoidance methods. Among several conventional extracts of Stellera chamaejasme L., petroleum ether extract had the strongest activity. The lethal concentrations of petroleum ether extracts from flowers, leaves, roots, aerial parts and stems were 9.80 mg/L, 19.59 mg/L, 29.89 mg/L, 39.94 mg/L and 51.32 mg/L respectively; the lethal concentrations of petroleum ether extract from Stellera chamaejasme L. to Tribolium confusum (H.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) were 9.80 mg/L, 14.47 mg/L and 18.66 mg/L, respectively. Tribolium confusum (H.) tends to be Stellera chamaejasme L and its extract, and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is repellent to it. The petroleum ether extract of Stellera chamaejasme can be used as a botanical drug for storage pests.

Based on VOSviewer and CiteSpace, the research hotspots and trends in the field of Astragalus membranaceus research at domestic and international level were explored. Chinese and English literature on Astragalus membranaceus related studies published in the core collections of China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), Wanfang, Vipshop(VIP) and Web of Science (WOS) from 2000 to 2023 were collected. VOSviewer was used to draw the author cooperation network and the scientific knowledge map of keyword co-occurrence network in Chinese and English literature, and CiteSpace was used to draw the publication journal, publication institution, keyword clustering, keyword timeline and keyword emergence map. A total of 8602 articles were included, including 8089 articles in Chinese and 513 articles in English. The authors with the highest number of publications in both Chinese and English are Qin Xuemei (Modern Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University) and Liu Ping (Capital Medical University). Among the issuing institutions, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine tops the list in terms of the number of articles issued in Chinese, while Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine are the institutions with the highest number of articles issued in English. The English and Chinese journals with the largest number of articles on Astragalus membranaceus are Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research and Journal of Ethnopharmacology, respectively. Analysis of the keywords reveals that the main research direction of Astragalus focuses on the composition of Astragalus membranaceus, chemical composition, extraction process, mechanism of action, pharmacological effects, etc. Astragalus membranaceus annual publication volume shows a general trend of growth, with Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University Modern Research Centre of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine as the main colleges and universities, research institutions, researchers have carried out a large number of studies on Astragalus membranaceus. In recent years, the emergence of data mining, network pharmacology and molecular docking-based methods to reveal the pharmacological mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus and classical formulas in disease resistance has become a research hotspot, in addition to the mechanism of action between Astragalus membranaceus actives and intestinal flora will be a research trend in the future research.

The distribution of nektons in aquaculture areas is the result of the interaction among nektons, environmental loads and hydrological conditions of culture areas. Thus, it is speculated that the corresponding relationship between the distribution of nektons and aquaculture types is diverse and uncertain. To verify this inference, trap nets were used to collect nektons in the aquaculture areas with different types and their adjacent waters in Sansha Bay, Fujian Province. The results showed that the composition of nektons characterized by species number, Chao 1 index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index, Pielou evenness index, key species and dominant species did not exhibit specificity to the types of culture areas; the similarity of the communities of nektons in the aquaculture areas with different types characterized by the key species and dominant species was relatively small, but the community similarity based on all the species of nektons was≥0.84; there was no correlation between the composition of nektons and the types of aquaculture area, and the biological community of nektons did not change with aquaculture area. Thus, it is not reasonable to evaluate the biological effects of cage culture by using the commonly used spatial comparison method, and it is suggested to adopt the adaptive management to manage cage culture.

To help the healthy development of Liuzhou snail rice noodle in Guangxi, the shell quality and carbon sequestration effect and benefit of artificially bred snail were studied based on geochemical theory and technology. Using snail and field snail from Liuzhou snail breeding base as test materials, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, HCO₃^- and other data were tested to analyze the coupling relationship between shell quality and carbon sink and geological background. The values of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, HCO₃^-, pH and fCO₂ in water can affect the construction and corrosion of calcite crystals in the shell of snails, making the shell mechanical strength different or eroded. The shell quality of artificially bred snails can be improved by adjusting the contents of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and HCO₃^- in water, with the average content of CaCO₃ and CO₂ of 92.76% and 40.81% respectively, according to the estimation of 26000 t/a of artificially cultured snails, 3700 t of carbon can be fixed and the carbon sink transaction volume can reach 266800 yuan. The values of Ca²⁺, pH and fCO₂ in water body are directly related to the quality of snails. The carbon sink of cultured snails belongs to the carbon removal technology category of biomass energy carbon capture and storage, and can apply for carbon trading.