Current issue

• 2025 Vol.41 No.12 Published:25 April 2025

  Effects of Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizer Before Transplanting on Yield and Quality of Rice CHEN Qiuli, ZHAO Yipeng, DING Zhenqian, WANG Youshuang, HE Wanwan, XUE Pao, FAN Yunxin, HU Tingting 2025, 41 (12):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0643 Abstract + ( 14 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1346KB )   ( 2 ) To explore the effects of slow-release liquid nitrogen fertilizer as the nitrogen fertilizer before transplanting instead of tiller fertilizer on rice, the field experiment was conducted using ‘Huazheyou 210’ as the experimental variety. Two groups were established: the control group (CK), which received conventional fractional fertilization, and the treatment group (T), which was treated with slow-release liquid nitrogen fertilizer as the before transplanting nitrogen application instead of tiller fertilizer. The research aimed to evaluate the effects of these fertilization methods on the growth, yield and quality of rice. The results showed that the T treatment had no significant effect on the stem tiller number, SPAD value and morphological characteristics of rice when compared with CK. However, it significantly promoted the accumulation of aboveground dry matter during the middle and late growth stages and increased the root-shoot ratio in the early growth stage, thereby establishing a foundation for robust seedlings. Conversely, it reduced the root-shoot ratio in the middle and late growth stages, which contributed to the accumulation of aboveground biomass and laying a foundation for high yield. Although the T treatment resulted in a slight decrease in the effective panicle number, consequently, a marginally lower yield compared to CK, the difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, T treatment could significantly improve the processing quality, appearance quality and cooking taste quality of rice, but no obvious effect on the nutritional quality of rice. These results indicated that the application of slow-release liquid nitrogen fertilizer as nitrogen fertilizer before transplanting instead of tiller fertilizer can achieve the purpose of saving labor, cost, and being efficient on the premise of ensuring yield and quality.

  Adaptation Evaluation and Screening of 12 Conventional Indica Rice Varieties in Wenshan Prefecture LI Jian, WANG Dingkai, XIONG Jianyun, WANG Tianming, WEI Kangbi, WANG Wenxin, WEI Dongmei, LI Yun 2025, 41 (12):  9-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0432 Abstract + ( 12 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1357KB )   ( 1 ) This experiment aimed to select high-quality conventional indica rice varieties which are suitable for planting in Wenshan Prefecture, and to improve rice planting efficiency. Using 12 conventional indica rice varieties selected from 9 breeding units in Yunnan Province as experimental materials, 18 indicators including growth period, main agronomic traits, disease resistance, quality and yield were measured, and the correlation analysis and principal component analysis methods were used for comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that all 12 rice varieties tested could mature normally in the local area. The varieties with better main agronomic traits included 'Wendao 33', 'Nanjing Xiangzhan', and 'Sandao 16'. The average yield of 12 varieties was 8619.52 kg/hm2, among which 'Hongdao 12' (9653.5 kg/hm2), 'Zhongke Jinghao' (9501.4 kg/hm2) and 'Caihe 17' (9312.8 kg/hm2) had the highest yield, with the increase of 13.37%, 11.58% and 9.37% respectively compared to CK. The variety with best rice quality was 'Wendao 33', and its rice quality met the national first-class high-quality rice standard. The correlation analysis showed that filled spikelets per panicle was significantly positively correlated with head rice rate; plant height and spike length were significantly negatively correlated with amylose content; thousand kernels weight was significantly positively correlated with the chalky grain rate and gel consistency, and was significantly negatively correlated with amylose content. 14 main indexes were simplified into 5 principal components by principal component analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 86.956%, which basically reflected most of information carried by the original data of 12 varieties. Through comprehensive analysis and evaluation, the comprehensive performance of 'Hongdao 12', 'Sandao 16', 'Jinxian 168' and 'Wendao 33' was relatively outstanding. These research results can provide reference for the breeding and promotion of high-quality conventional indica rice varieties in Wenshan Prefecture.

  Wheat Germplasm Resources in Wheat-growing Area of Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River: Yield and Quality Traits and Correlation Analysis CAI Jinhua 2025, 41 (12):  19-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0455 Abstract + ( 9 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1117KB )   ( 2 ) To study the performance of yield and quality traits of wheat germplasm resources and their correlation and path analysis，35 wheat germplasm resources from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were used as materials in this study. The plant height, spike number, spikelet number per spike, 1000-grain weight and yield were investigated manually, and the wheat quality was determined by Perten DA 7200 near-infrared analyzer. The results showed that the yield range of 35 wheat germplasm resources was 5679.00-6331.50 kg/hm2, the effective spike range was 427.50-502.50 million/hm2, the growth period range was 195.00-202.00 d, the plant height range was 73.00-93.00 cm, the spikelet number per spike range was 32.60-40.00, and the 1000-grain weight range was 37.00-47.10 g. The correlation analysis of yield traits showed that effective spike, growth period, spikelet number per spike and 1000-grain weight were positively correlated with grain yield (r=0.1707, r=0.0401, r=0.2277, r=0.0299), while plant height was negatively correlated with grain yield (r=-0.0587). Path analysis showed that grain yield increased while effective spike, spikelet number per spike and 1000-grain weight increased. The effect of increasing the number of grains per ear was the greatest (direct path coefficient Py=0.8390), followed by the effect of increasing the 1000-grain weight (direct path coefficient Py=0.6668), and the effect of increasing the number of effective ears was the smallest (direct path coefficient Py=0.4916). In general, the quality traits of 35 wheat germplasm resources were quite different, indicating that wheat has rich diversity, which provides a large selection space for wheat quality breeding and selection of offspring.

  Research Progress on Response of Melon Crops to High Temperature Stress WU Hongfei, SHI Zhaowan, WANG Rui, TU Panfeng, CAO Haishun, GUO Jinju, ZHANG Changyuan, TAN Delong, WANG Rufang, WANG Yunlong, YUAN Yu, WU Tingquan 2025, 41 (12):  26-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0608 Abstract + ( 11 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1286KB )   ( 1 ) This article narrated the effects of high temperature on seed germination, growth and development, reproductive growth, respiration and photosynthesis, membrane thermal stability and antioxidant system, protein content, endogenous hormone content, etc. of melon crops. And it reviewed the identification and research progress of heat tolerance related genes, as well as the technical measures to improve the heat tolerance of melon crops. Based on a comprehensive understanding of previous research on high temperature stress in melons, the author believes that there is currently a lack of efficient, accurate, and standardized heat tolerance assessment techniques and genetic resources in this field, as well as insufficient research depth. It’s predicted that the future research direction of heat tolerance in melon crops will focus on the collection and screening of heat tolerance germplasm resources, the construction of accurate evaluation technology systems, the mining of heat tolerance gene resources, and the analysis of heat tolerance regulation molecular networks.

  Genetic Diversity of Important Agronomic Traits in Tomato Germplasms GE Lijiao, QIU Liang, WANG Xiaoqiu, ZHAI Caijiao, CHENG Yujing, LIU Shuidong, SONG Yimin 2025, 41 (12):  34-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0570 Abstract + ( 13 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1975KB )   ( 2 ) The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of different tomato germplasms, screen the important agronomic traits that affect the sensory quality of tomato, and provide reference for the identification, evaluation and innovation of tomato germplasms. Genetic diversity analysis, sensory quality evaluation, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, path analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were performed on 20 main agronomic traits and sensory quality of 72 tomato germplasms. The genetic diversity index of agronomic traits of 72 tomato germplasms ranged from 0.59 to 2.04, and the comprehensive score of sensory quality ranged from 71.70 to 84.85. Plant height, internode length, fruit transverse diameter, single fruit weight, flesh thickness and soluble solid content were important factors for sensory quality of tomato, which had a high load in principal component 1. The test materials were divided into 5 groups by cluster analysis. The tomato varieties in the first and second groups had higher comprehensive scores of sensory quality, plant height, and internode length. The fourth and fifth groups were mainly germplasms of dwarf tomato with limited growth type. The phenotypic and sensory qualities of 72 tomato germplasms showed abundant genetic diversity. Plant height, internode length, fruit transverse diameter, single fruit weight, flesh thickness and soluble solid content are important traits to evaluate the genetic diversity of tomato phenotype and sensory quality.

  Research Progress on Zingiberaceae Germplasm Resources Preservation LI Xin, HOU Juanjuan, ZHAO Yi, SONG Renfan, WANG Renrui 2025, 41 (12):  46-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0694 Abstract + ( 12 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1124KB )   ( 1 ) Zingiberaceae is a perennial rhizomatous herbaceous plant with great economic value used as food, spices, medicinal compounds, and ornamental plants, preservation of Zingiberaceae germplasm resources is crucial for breeding and commercial production. To clarify the current research status on the conservation of genetic resources in Zingiberaceae plants, this paper specifically introduces the three main methods(ex situ conservation, tissue culture preservation, and cryopreservation) used for preservation of Zingiberaceae germplasm resources. Future prospects of Zingiberaceae germplasm preservation are analyzed, aiming to provide reference for the healthy and rapid development of Zingiberaceae industry. Cryopreservation technology, which has many advantages compared with the traditional methods, has been proven to be a new technique for plant pathogen elimination with successful application on several plants, and can provide a technical support to low conservation rates in Zingiberaceae plants elimination.

  Research Progress on Effects of Land Cover Measures on Soil Water & Temperature, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Crop Growth in China CHEN Xinmin, XIAO Dengpan, LU Yang 2025, 41 (12):  53-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0595 Abstract + ( 8 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1199KB )   ( 1 ) The study aims to investigate the impact of land cover measures on soil water and temperature, greenhouse gas emissions, and crop growth and yield in agricultural production, with the goal of providing scientific guidance for farmland surface management. Based on the study of different land cover managements and their effects, the study reviewed the effects of three typical land cover measures (straw mulching, plastic mulching and green manure) on soil water and heat, greenhouse gas emissions, and crop growth. The results showed that: (1) straw mulching and plastic mulching effectively regulated soil water and temperature. (2) Straw mulching increased greenhouse gas emissions due to its decay, while plastic mulching facilitated the formation of anaerobic environments, leading to an increase in CH4 emissions. (3) Both straw mulching and plastic mulching regulated soil water temperature to promote crop growth, primarily by increasing production. Additionally, straw mulching and green manure provided more nutrients for crop growth, improved soil fertility, and enhanced crop characteristics and quality. On the whole, the study concluded that reasonable land cover measures had positively affected soil fertility, crop yield and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. These measures helped to protect soil moisture content, improve soil quality, promote crop growth, and increase crop yield, which were crucial for achieving the goals of agricultural land cultivation, quality and efficiency improvement, and green development.

  Effects of Different Conditioning Agents on the Stabilization of Soil Phosphorus in Phosphorus-rich Vegetable Fields ZHANG Zhouna, ZHOU Huaping, ZHANG Mingkui 2025, 41 (12):  61-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0596 Abstract + ( 6 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1113KB )   ( 1 ) The objective of farmland soil phosphorus (P) management is to meet the P needs of crop growth while reducing the risk of soil P runoff loss. Therefore, it is essential to look for the conditioner agent which can reduce the water-soluble P in the P-rich soils and has little effect on the available P. In this study, calcium chloride, gypsum, limestone powder, ferrous sulfate and aluminium sulfate containing calcium, iron and aluminium were selected as conditioning agents, the effects of the five kinds of conditioner agents on the forms of P in three kinds of vegetable soils (calcareous, neutral and acidic soils) with different pH were studied by laboratory simulation experiment. The results showed that the forms of P in the three soils could be changed by applying the conditioner agents. Calcium chloride, gypsum and limestone powder could promote the transformation of Ca2-P, Al-P, Fe-P to Ca8-p and Ca10-P, while ferrous sulfate and aluminium sulfate could promote the transformation of Ca2-P, Ca8-P and Ca10-P into Al-P and Fe-P. The reduction of Ca2-P was most obvious when applied with ferrous sulfate or aluminium sulfate, followed by application of limestone powder. The pH value of calcareous and neutral soils could be obviously reduced by applying calcium chloride or gypsum, and the pH value of the soils increased by applying limestone powder, while application of ferrous sulfate or aluminum sulfate significantly reduced pH of the soils. Both available P and water-soluble P in the soils were decreased by adding each of the five different conditioner agents, and the reduction effect of water-soluble P was greater than that of bio-available P. The most obvious reduction of soil water-soluble P was found at application of ferrous sulfate or aluminum sulfate. Based on the objectives of soil P management and the change of soil pH value after application of the agents, it was recommended that the suitable conditioner agents for reducing water-soluble P in calcareous phosphorus-rich soil was aluminum sulfate or calcium chloride, while aluminum sulfate, calcium chloride or limestone powder were suitable for reducing water-soluble P in neutral P-rich soil, and limestone powder, calcium chloride and gypsum were suitable for reducing water-soluble P in acid P-rich soil.

  Effect of Green Manure and Other Materials on Carbon and Nitrogen Transformation in Lycium chinense Orchards of Ningxia ZHANG Xueke, LI Huixia, ZHANG Tianyi, MA Lanlan, YAN Haixia, TIAN Xuexia 2025, 41 (12):  67-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0731 Abstract + ( 8 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1353KB )   ( 0 ) A field test was conducted by control and urease inhibitor, water retaining agent, intercropping arrow pea and rapeseed green manure (marked as by CK, T1, T2, T3 and T4) in 8 years Lycium chinense orchards in Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia. The aim was to study the nitrogen transformation and leaching characteristics in the soil, providing theoretical and technical references for efficient utilization of nutrients in farmland and water quality protection in the Yellow River Basin. The results showed that: (1) soil pH reduced significantly under T1 treatment, surface soil water content was increased under T2 treatment in the second year. After planting two kinds of green manure, the bulk density of the surface soil decreased significantly and the soil moisture content increased significantly. (2) In the first test year, the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) of T3 and T4 treatments increased by 33.2% and 48.4% respectively compared to CK. However, in the next year, the total soil organic carbon (SOC) increased by 3.65% and 4.59% respectively, and the MBC increased by 50.3% and 59.2% respectively. (3) The soil MBN of T3 and T4 treatment increased by 45.1% and 42.6% respectively compared to CK in the first year, and they increased by 95.9% and 80.7% in the second year, respectively, and T1 decreased by 28.5% compared to CK. After two years of application of T1, the soil NH4+-N increased by 71.7% and 75.4%. NO3--N of T3 and T4 increased by 46.7% and 41.8% respectively in the first year compared to CK, and in the next year they increased by 22.5% and 13.4%. (4) The changes of NH4+-N content in soil profiles over two years mainly occurred in 0-40 cm, while NO3--N content mainly occurred in 0-40 cm in the first year and 0-60 cm in the second year. The upper soil NH4+-N and NO3--N (above 60 cm) by T1, T3, and T4 treatments were significantly higher than those in other treatments. In a conclusion, application of urease inhibitors leaded to a decrease in soil pH and MBN, resulting in the formation of more NH4+-N; planting two types of green manure could loosen the soil, increase MBC and MBN, and promote organic nitrogen mineralization. Moreover, the two types of green manure had a significant inhibitory effect on NO3--N leaching into deeper layers in Lycium chinense orchards in Ningxia. Therefore, it was recommended that intercropping arrow pea and rapeseed manure in Lycium chinense orchards had significant effects on efficient nitrogen fertilizer utilization and prevention of water pollution.

  Study on Influence of Soil Minerals on Determination of Red Soil Organic Matter Content by Loss-on-ignition Method LIU Yan, DONG Ming, HUANG Qian, LIANG Jiafeng, WANG Mengjie 2025, 41 (12):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0628 Abstract + ( 10 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1287KB )   ( 0 ) To explore the influence of soil minerals on the determination of soil organic matter by loss-on-ignition method, this paper selected the low organic matter red soil (the content of organic matter was 0.49% by potassium dichromate oxidation method) with relatively simple and convenient mineral composition in the eastern margin of Kunming Basin as the research object to carry out the analysis work. The soil sample was mainly composed of three parts: clay minerals, iron (hydrogen) oxides and detrital minerals. The composition and relative content of various minerals were determined by X-ray diffractometer and atomic absorption spectrometer, and the composition changes before and after burning loss were compared and analyzed. The analysis showed that clay minerals in soil samples were mainly composed of gibbsite, kaolinite and montmorillonite, iron (hydrogen) oxides were mainly hematite and goethite and detrital minerals were mainly quartz and albite. After burning at 550°C, the X-ray diffraction pattern of clay minerals and iron (hydrogen) oxides changed significantly, indicating that they were decomposed at high temperatures. According to the content of each mineral in the soil sample and their theoretical dehydration (or dehydroxylation) decomposition, it was found that only the thermal decomposition of clay minerals could contribute nearly 90% of the loss on ignition of the soil sample. Iron (hydrogen) oxides could also contribute 6% of the loss-on-ignition, leaving less than 4% of the loss-on-ignition (0.44%) contributed by organic matter. This calculation result was very close to the organic matter content determined by the potassium dichromate oxidation method. This study showed that the thermal decomposition of clay minerals and iron (hydrogen) oxygen compounds was the main reason that affected the accurate determination of soil organic matter content by the loss-on-ignition method. For red soil samples, the resulting error may be more than several times that of soil organic matter content.

  Analysis of Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Soil pH and Its Potential Regulatory Factorsin in Tobacco Planting Areas of Shiping County ZHANG Guangdong, SHANG Zhiwei, ZHAO Mengdi, YANG Chunhua, WANG Ting, RUAN Haiming, ZHANG Xuefeng, ZHOU Fangfang 2025, 41 (12):  80-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0251 Abstract + ( 9 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1612KB )   ( 0 ) The pH spatial distribution characteristics and its potential influencing factors were explored in Shiping County to provide a basis for the optimization and improvement of the soil. 226 soil samples were collected from 6 main tobacco-planting towns in Shiping County. The spatial distribution characteristics of pH and its possible intrinsic factors were analyzed. The results showed that soil pH showed obvious spatial difference in Shiping. The soil pH was low in the north and high in the south, high in the west and low in the east. And altitude had significant effects on soil pH. Organic matter, exchangeable calcium, available potassium and exchangeable magnesium had a significant positive relationship with pH, and the effective phosphorus, effective copper, and effective iron showed a significant negative correlation with soil pH. Based on this, the structural equation model of soil pH and significantly related nutrient factors was constructed. It was found that the exchangeable calcium had the most action sites, which not only directly affected soil pH, but also promoted the content of organic matter, available potassium and exchangeable magnesium to indirectly regulate soil pH. Effective copper and phosphorus played a direct negative role on pH, and effective iron indirectly affected soil pH by promoting effective copper content. Above all, the soil nutrient had positive or negative effects on soil pH. Changeable calcium had direct and indirect effects on soil pH. Organic matter and available potassium had positive effects on soil pH. Effective copper and phosphorus played a direct negative role on pH and effective iron indirectly affected soil pH. It could provide a reference for soil pH regulation.

  Research on Meteorological Risk Forecasting Technology for Spring Corn Spot Disease in Tuquan County, Inner Mongolia ZHANG Ling, YANG Yuhui, ZHOU Yinuo, YANG Dongxu 2025, 41 (12):  88-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0627 Abstract + ( 8 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1197KB )   ( 0 ) In order to clarify and grasp the meteorological conditions and risk level forecasting technology for the occurrence and development of spring maize leaf spot disease in Tuquan County, a coupled analysis was conducted using the meteorological conditions of air temperature, relative temperature, precipitation, and 2-minute wind speed in Tuquan County over the past 10 years (2014-2023) and agricultural production data such as the time, degree, and affected area of spring maize leaf spot disease occurrence in Tuquan County over the past 10 years (2014-2023) to establish a prediction model for maize leaf spot disease occurrence. The analysis showed that the overall changes in four meteorological elements in each township of Tuquan County from May to September 2014-2023 tended to be consistent; Since 2019, there had been an increase in the proportion of the area, which had remained at around 10%. Utilizing four meteorological factors to establish meteorological indicators for the occurrence and development of maize leaf spot disease, it is possible to predict the occurrence area of spring maize leaf spot disease through a predictive model based on the statistical values of perennial meteorological factors and the forecast conclusions of meteorological factors for the next year, providing a scientific prevention basis for agricultural production.

  Identification of Tomato Spotted Wilt Orthotospovirus on Tomato and Pepper in Shaanxi LIU Chen, YANG Yiwei, WEI Peiyao, PAN Song, CHEN Zhijie, LI Yingmei 2025, 41 (12):  94-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0343 Abstract + ( 7 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1835KB )   ( 1 ) In order to definite the species of virus, which cause tomato leaf samples chlorosis necrosis, fruit necrosis, and concentric spots, we collected the susceptible tomato samples, and pepper leaf samples exhibiting symptoms of brown wilting and necrosis, fruit deformity and shriveling. RT-PCR detection was performed utilizing specific primers targeting the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) as well as N gene primers. The results indicated that occurrence of TSWV infection in both tomato and pepper samples. Phylogenetic analysis based on the N gene sequence demonstrated a close relationship between TSWV isolates obtained from tomatoes and peppers in Shaanxi with those found in Australian peppers, Japanese tomatoes, as well as Beijing Verbenas within China. During the virus inoculation experiment, tomato and pepper samples both displayed characteristic symptoms including chlorosis, necrotic foliage, and shriveled fruits; RT-PCR successfully detected the presence of TSWV in these plants. This study confirms that tomatoes and peppers in Shaanxi have been affected by TSWV infection and provides a theoretical basis for its prevention and control.

  Aphis rumicis and Menochilus sexmaculata Population Dynamics and Effects of Aphis rumicis on Growth, Development and Reproduction of Menochilus sexmaculata WANG Guowei, SONG Yuanyuan, XU Zhengrong, GU Xingbo, CAO Shuanglian 2025, 41 (12):  100-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0505 Abstract + ( 7 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1318KB )   ( 0 ) The purpose of this study was to clarify the population dynamics of Aphis rumicis and Menochilus sexmaculata on Rumex dapibus herba, and the effects of Aphis rumicis on the growth, development and fecundity of the dominant natural enemy, Menochilus sexmaculata. In this study, the Rumex dapibus herba was used as the host plant of A. rumicis, and the population dynamics of aphid and ladybeetle were investigated every 6 days by using the five-point sampling method. Ladybeetle was fed with aphid, and the developmental duration, survival rate and oviposition of adults were recorded. The results showed that: (1) the maximum population density of A. rumicis appeared in late July, which was 35.29 individuals/plant, and the maximum population density of M. sexmaculata in the field survey of leaf-eating grass planting base during the same period was 6 days later than that of A. rumicis, and the maximum population density was 1.60 individuals/plant. (2) During the whole development of the laboratory population, the survival rates of the egg stage, the 1-4 instar larval stage, and the pupal stage (pre-pupal stage) were 93.3%, 87.5%, 96.0%, 97.9%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, and the overall survival rate from eggs to the completion of one generation was 66.7%. The development period from egg to pupal was (2.49± 0.07) d, (2.75±0.07) d, (2.38±0.01) d, (2.40±0.07) d, (2.05±0.03) d, (5.62±0.10) d, and the pre-oviposition period was (2.52±0.10) d. (3) The net reproduction rate R0=108.27>1, the intrinsic growth rate r=0.18>0, and the weekly growth rate λ=1.20>1, showing an increasing trend. Average generational duration = 25.95 d. The above indicators showed that the population of ladybeetle was increasing, which proved that Rumex dapibus herba was also a good food source for A. rumicis, and A. rumicis could be used to rear M. sexmaculata.

  Isolation and Identification of Glarea lozoyensis P1 and Antagonistic and Detoxification Activity Against Fusarium graminearum GUO Haozhen, ZHOU Huazhong, DENG Chunlin, LI Yan, YANG Lijun, GONG Shuangjun 2025, 41 (12):  107-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0431 Abstract + ( 9 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1371KB )   ( 1 ) This study aims to screen biocontrol strains against Fusarium graminearum species complex in order to provide new biocontrol resources for the sustainable management of fusarium head blight. A high-efficiency biocontrol strain was isolated from non-agricultural soil samples collected in Badong County, Enshi, Hubei Province, using the dilution plate method with Fusarium graminearum as the indicator strain. The inhibitory effects of the isolate Glarea lozoyensis fermentation broth on mycelial growth and spore germination of F. graminearum were assessed,as well as its degradation rates on deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) in vitro. The strain was identified through morphological characteristics and 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Further experiments were conducted to assess control efficacy in field plots. The results showed that a 10-fold dilution of its fermentation broth inhibited F. graminearum mycelial growth and spore germination by 91.98% and 100%, respectively, and achieved 100% degradation rates for DON and ZEN. Morphological characteristics and 18S rRNA gene analysis identified as Glarea lozoyensis (GL), designated GL-P1. Field trial results demonstrated that the fermentation broth of GL-P1 achieved a 71.36% control efficacy against Fusarium head blight, comparable to the fungicide tebuconazole. The above study indicates that Glarea lozoyensis P1 is a biocontrol isolate with promising field efficacy against Fusarium head blight, showing potential for further application and development.

  Inhibitory Effect of Slightly Acidic Hypochlorite Water on Spore Germination of Two Pathogenic Fungi of Strawberry and Its Effect on Strawberry Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Diversity LIU Zheng, ZHANG Jingjing, ZHAO Namula, XU Pengbo, LIAN Hongli, XU Xiaofeng, ZHANG Liqing 2025, 41 (12):  113-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0473 Abstract + ( 9 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2357KB )   ( 0 ) In order to explore the effect and application technology of slightly acidic hypochlorite water (SAHW) in strawberry disease control, the fungal inhibition tests (inhibitory effect on the spore germination) was used in this paper to study the antifungal activity of SAHW against the two disease pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea). Illumina Miseq sequencing technology was also used to analyze the fungal community structure and diversity of the strawberry rhizosphere soil during the planting, early blooming and full-fruiting stages of strawberry before and after SAHW treatment. The results showed that the germination rates of F. oxysporum and B. cinerea spores cultured in the 25 mg/kg SAHW treatment group were both lower than 10%, while the germination rate of the control group cultured by purified water was close to 100%. A total of 15 phyla, 45 classes, 96 orders, 220 families and 405 genera were identified by Illumina Miseq sequencing. Among them, Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungi. At the genus classification level, the relative abundance of Aspergillus (2.21%-53.54%) and Trichocladium (4.76%-26.54%) was relatively high. The relative abundance of the phytopathogenic fungus Aspergillus reached the highest value during the flowering stage and then showed a decreasing trend in the treatment groups. In addition, Penicillium, Fusarium and Colletotrichum gradually accumulated in the strawberry rhizosphere soil treated with purified water and reached the highest level during the fruiting period, but remained at a low level in the strawberry rhizosphere soil treated with SAHW. This study preliminarily revealed the antifungal effect of SAHW and its impact on the diversity of strawberry rhizosphere fungi, providing a scientific basis for comprehensive prevention and control of strawberry diseases.

  Comparison of Nutritional Components and Reconstitution Properties of Pumpkin Powder of Different Varieties QIAN Xinxin, ZHANG Xiangqin, LV Yan, HUANG Yunping, YING Quansheng, AN Xuejun, SONG Hui 2025, 41 (12):  123-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0761 Abstract + ( 9 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1850KB )   ( 0 ) This study aimed to compare the nutritional components and reconstitution properties of pumpkin powder of different varieties and to screen suitable varieties for processing. Using pumpkin as test material, physicochemical analyses were conducted to determine pulp moisture content, starch, polysaccharide, and carotenoid contents in the powder, as well as sugar content and solution properties of reconstituted pumpkin paste. Results indicated the optimal solid-to-liquid ratios for starch, polysaccharide, and carotenoid extraction were 1:60, 1:200, and 1:90, respectively. Starch content showed a significant negative correlation with polysaccharide content and pulp moisture, while polysaccharide content was positively correlated with paste sugar content. Principal component analysis revealed that the first principal component (paste flavor, polysaccharide, starch, and sugar content) and the second component (paste dispersibility, pulp moisture, and carotenoid content) collectively explained 72% of nutritional and reconstitution characteristics. Pumpkin ‘24SV35’,‘24FV13’,‘24S50’,‘24SV57’, and‘24SV13’were identified as optimal varieties, exhibiting high pulp moisture, high sugar content, polysaccharide and carotenoid levels, and low starch content. Correlation results indicated pumpkin moisture and sugar content were effective indicators for selecting low-starch and high-sugar varieties for pumpkin powder production.

  Studies on Functional Composition of Mint and its Application in Processing of Agricultural Products LIU Jiaxin, WANG Xiuqin, HUANG Weidong, YOU Yilin 2025, 41 (12):  130-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0061 Abstract + ( 14 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2011KB )   ( 3 ) Peppermint is a food-medicine crop with secondary metabolites as core functional components. It has a wide range of biological activities. The bioactivities of peppermint are mainly related to its abundant active constituents, such as menthol, menthone, montaflorin, hesperidin, caffeic acid and other constituents, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumour effects. This paper reviews the distribution of resources and major origins of peppermint, the analytical studies of the major functional components of peppermint, the progress of nutritional and pharmacological studies of the major functional components, as well as the prediction and quality control of the core quality components of peppermint. Finally, the application fields and prospects of peppermint in agricultural product processing are discussed to provide direction and basis for the application of peppermint processing.

  Optimization of Total Flavonoids Extraction from Quinoa Seedlings and Evaluation of Its Inhibitory Effect on Xanthine Oxidase and Antioxidant Activity ZHANG Shuwei, HUANG Linli, ZONG Yingjie, GUO Huimin, GUO Guimei, YANG Bangwei, CHEN Zhiwei, XU Hongwei, LIU Chenghong 2025, 41 (12):  142-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0370 Abstract + ( 12 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1396KB )   ( 0 ) To investigate the extraction method of total flavonoids from quinoa seedlings, the change of its content during growth, as well as its antioxidant activity and inhibition effect on XOD, the total flavonoids from quinoa seedlings at different growth stages were used as test materials. The total flavonoids of quinoa seedlings were extracted by single factor test combined with response surface optimization ultrasonic method. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol volume fraction of 60%, solid-liquid ratio of 1:34, temperature of 20℃, ultrasonic power of 300 W, extraction time of 24 min. The total flavonoid content of quinoa seedlings was the highest at 42 days of growth, which was 26.55 mg/g. The antioxidant activity was the highest at 28 days, and the scavenging capacity of hydroxyl free radical, ABTS free radical and DPPH free radical were 9.76%, 60.50 mg/g and 16.28 mg/g, respectively. The inhibitory effect of the total extract of quinoa seedlings on XOD gradually increased with increasing concentration, with a half-inhibitory concentration (IC50 value) of 5.27 mg/mL. This study provided the extraction method and reference for the development and functional component research of new quinoa seedling products for antioxidation and hyperuricemia prevention.

  Analysis of Nutrient Composition in Fresh and Mature Seeds of Jiading ‘Sanbai’ Broad Bean and Other Fava Bean Materials ZOU Danrong, ZHAO Xiangjie, SHI Han, CHEN Ziyi, ZHOU Deyao, CHEN Jue 2025, 41 (12):  149-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0482 Abstract + ( 9 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1285KB )   ( 0 ) In order to explore the difference of nutritional components between fresh and mature broad beans in different regions, and to provide data support for breeding and popularization of broad beans. In this study, protein, vitamins, mineral elements, amino acids and other nutrients of broad beans from different sources were analyzed. The dietary fiber content of fresh and mature seeds of Jiading ‘Sanbai’ broad beans is high, and the Ca content and Fe content are higher than those of broad beans in other regions. The content of vitamin B1 and B2 in Jiading ‘Sanbai’ mature kernel is high. The amino acid composition of Jiading ‘Sanbai’, other faba beans and Japanese broad beans is similar, which further confirms that Jiading white broad beans and Japanese broad beans have a certain correlation. Jiading ‘Sanbai’ is an excellent broad beans germplasm resource, which is suitable for further development and utilization.

  Common Bacterial Diseases of Litopenaeus vannamei and Biological Control Measures HUANG Ju, DENG Hua, HOU Yuee, BA Juan, YANG Hong 2025, 41 (12):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0673 Abstract + ( 9 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1243KB )   ( 1 ) As an important economic shrimp species, the Litopenaeus vannamei is frequently affected by bacterial diseases, especially Vibriosis (including Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio cholerae, etc.) during intensive aquaculture. This represents a significant risk to the long-term sustainability of aquaculture. With the widespread use of antibiotics, resistance genes of pathogenic bacteria are prevalent and widespread in the aquatic environment, posing new challenges to the prevention and treatment of Vibriosis. Therefore, it is extremely important to emphasize the maintenance of aquaculture environment and water quality monitoring. This review describes a series of biological control measures, including the use of biofloc technology, probiotics, antimicrobial peptides, quorum sensing inhibitors, and the use of biological control methods such as Bdellovibrio and like organisms and bacteriophage. The combination of biofloc technology and probiotics can improve water quality and enhance immunity. However, it is greatly affected by the environment, making it difficult to control the stability of bacteria flora. Antimicrobial peptides exhibit a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and they are safe and not easily resistant to drugs. However, they are difficult to preserve and have a high cost. Quorum-sensing inhibitors provide precise prevention and treatment with minimal environmental impact, but the mechanism research on them is limited. Bdellovibrio are effective at lysing Gram-negative bacteria but have a poor effect on Gram-positive bacteria and grow slowly. Bacteriophages are highly specific but have a narrow host range. Although these biological control measures are less effective than antibiotics, they are environmentally friendly, less prone to drug resistance, and aim to reduce chemical drug dependency, protect the ecosystem, and improve aquaculture efficiency. In the future, innovative and sustainable biological control technologies should be developed to address the challenges posed by pathogenic bacterial resistance and environmental protection.