Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.34 Published:05 December 2023

  Effects of Tillage Practices and Nitrogen Rates on Dry Matter Accumulation and Remobilization and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat Under Straw Returning Treatment LI Wenqian, ZHANG Haijun, HAN Mingming, MU Qun, LV Lianjie 2023, 39 (34):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0937 Abstract + ( 33 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2482KB )   ( 19 ) To explore the high yield efficiency cultivation techniques combining different straw returning treatments, tillage practices and nitrogen rates in Huang-Huai-Hai area, field experiments were conducted from 2018 to 2020 with two straw treatments (no straw returning to field, S0; straw returning to field, S1), three tillage practices (rotary tillage, R; deep ploughing, P; subsoiling, B) and four nitrogen rates (135 kg/hm2, N135; 180 kg/hm2, N180; 225 kg/hm2, N225; 270 kg/hm2, N270) at Zibo, Shandong. The results showed that compared with S0, S1 increased the dry matter accumulation (DMA) by 0.6%-17.5%, 1.1%-17% and 1.1%-18.5% at anthesis stage, maturity stage and after anthesis period; the DMA of the whole growth period decreased by 2.8%-22.2% with the decrease of nitrogen rate. Compared with conventional S1+R+N225 pattern, S1+B+N180 pattern improved the DMA by 10.3% and 7.2% at anthesis stage and maturity stage, and increased dry matter remobilization, dry matter remobilization efficiency and dry matter remobilization contribution rate to grain by 45.9%, 35.6% and 27.2%, respectively. Thus, S1+B+N180 pattern had greater grain yield of 10.1% more than S1+P+N225 pattern. In terms of yield components, the spike number of the latter was 10.8% higher than that of the former. The path analysis further confirmed that the increase of spike number was the main reason for boosting grain yield of wheat under S1+B+N180 pattern. Therefore, under similar environmental conditions as this experiment, subsoiling with moderate reduction of nitrogen rate on the basis of straw returning to field is a feasible technique to achieve high yield efficiency of winter wheat production.

  Research on the Optimized Fertilization Technology of the New Sweet Potato with Red Heart Variety ‘Pushu 17’ Based on the “3414” Experiments ZHONG Yuyang, CUI Jichao, YU Jinjiang, WU Xiaoxia, HONG Dingkai, ZHENG Jianyang 2023, 39 (34):  9-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0334 Abstract + ( 22 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1395KB )   ( 4 ) To provide scientific basis for the high-yield and efficient cultivation of the new variety sweet potato with red heart ‘Pushu 17’, we studied the effect of combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on yield and fertilizer effect based on “3414” experimental design scheme. The results showed that the main factor affecting the yield of ‘Pushu 17’ was the application of potassium fertilizer, followed by nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer. The interaction effect between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium could affect the yield of ‘Pushu 17’. The effect function of the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the yield of ‘Pushu 17’ potato was optimized. Maximum fertilization amounts of the highest yield (55646.98 kg/hm2) were nitrogen fertilizer 206.88 kg/hm2, phosphorus fertilizer 100.37 kg/hm2, potassium fertilizer 252.86 kg/hm2, and the ratio was 1:0.49:1.22. The best amount of fertilization were nitrogen fertilizer 199.42 kg/hm2, phosphorus fertilizer 95.40 kg/hm2, potassium fertilizer 238.50 kg/hm2, with the ratio was 1:0.48:1.2. The corresponding optimal fresh sweet potato production was 55574.07 kg/hm2.

  Research Progress on Key Technologies for Improving the Availability of Upper Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves in Northern Guangdong WANG Hang, YAO Yuanhua, ZHANG Dandan, LIU Lan, ZHU Wenge, QIU Miaowen 2023, 39 (34):  16-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0981 Abstract + ( 16 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1181KB )   ( 4 ) To improve the availability of upper flue-cured tobacco leaves in northern Guangdong, the appearance quality, chemical composition and sensory quality of upper flue-cured tobacco leaves were compared and summarized, changing planting layout, irregular cultivation technique, incorrect harvest maturity and baking techniques were analyzed as the influencing factors. The results showed that planting layout and cultivation techniques affected the ripeness of upper tobacco leaves in the field, the immature upper leaves affected the curing characteristics, and incorrect baking techniques produced immaturity leaves of cured tobacco. In this paper, the related technologies in cultivation, harvesting methods and baking modulation were summarized and analyzed. Therefore, it is pointed out that the key for improving availability of upper flue-cured tobacco leaves is to carry out the problem-oriented and systematic research from theory to application technology.

  Research Progress of Omics Techniques in Allium Plants XUE Shouyu, LI Taotao, LI Bingbing 2023, 39 (34):  22-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0259 Abstract + ( 19 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1223KB )   ( 7 ) In order to speed up the cultivation of superior varieties of Allium plants, we summarized the application research of omics technology in the development of molecular markers, male sterility, phylogeny, stress response, tissue and organ development, food processing and storage, and the development and utilization of medicinal value in the Allium plants in recent years. We emphasized the importance of omics technology in the selection of excellent traits, screening of key genes and innovation of germplasm resources in Allium plants, clarified the advantages of multi-omics in precision breeding of Allium plants, and came to the conclusion that the application of omics technology greatly accelerated the genetic and molecular breeding process of Allium plants. It was proposed that the application of omics technologies in Allium species could provide insights for research on other non-model plants with large genomes, and it was suggested that future research should focus on the discovery of bioactive substances in Allium plants and the development and utilization of wild Allium resources.

  Analysis of Cloning, Identification and Expression Pattern of Ferric Reduction Oxidase Genes in Grape WANG Jianping, LIU Wanhao, SUI Yongchao, TANG Meiling, LI Jin, XU Weihua, SONG Zhizhong 2023, 39 (34):  32-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0005 Abstract + ( 14 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1696KB )   ( 2 ) Using the independently innovative grape variety ‘Yanniang No.1’ as the material, the FRO (ferric reduction oxidase) family genes were screened and cloned, and their bioinformatics identification and expression characteristics were analyzed. This study provides a theoretical basis for studying iron nutrition and the mechanism of absorption and utilization in fruit trees. In total, 6 FRO family genes were isolated from ‘Yanniang No.1’ by homologous cloning method, entitled by VvFRO1-VvFRO6, which belonged to the classic plant ferric reduction oxidase. The amino acid sequences of FRO proteins from 10 plants shared an overall identity of 43.66%, which were classified into 2 major groups (Groups I and II). VvFRO1-VvFRO3 belonged to Group I, while VvFRO4-VvFRO6 belonged to Group II. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that VvFRO proteins were prone to be closely clustered with homologs form Citrus junos ‘Ziyang xiangcheng’ and Malus xiaojinensis, respectively. All VvFRO proteins were majorly localized in plasma membrane and contained 10-11 transmembrane domains (TMs). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that VvFRO3 was the most abundant expressed gene during different parts of ‘Yanniang No.1’ grape on the whole. VvFRO3 and VvFRO2 were highly expressed in leaves of both mature trees and seedlings, and VvFRO5 was highly expressed in fruits of hard core stage and veraison stage, while genes of VvFRO1, VvFRO4 and VvFRO6 were relatively lowly expressed. In addition, expression of FRO family genes in grape roots were easily induced by iron depletion, 200 mmol/L NaCl stress and 10% PEG6000 (w/v) stress, respectively, but changed little under low temperature (4℃) and heat (45℃) stresses. In particular, VvFRO3 in roots was upregulated under 200 μmol/L ABA treatment but down-regulated under 500 μmol/L iron toxicity stress. This study laid a molecular foundation for revealing iron absorption and transport mechanisms in grape.

  Optimization of Tissue Culture of Tip-shoot of Strawberry and SRAP Detection of Genetic Stability of Tissue Culture Seedling WANG Pei, LI Junjian, WANG Gaoqi, GENG Tengfei 2023, 39 (34):  41-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1016 Abstract + ( 6 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1296KB )   ( 1 ) The aim of this study was to optimize strawberry tip-shoot tissue culture breeding system based on the genetic stability and robustness of tissue culture seedlings, and to provide scientific and technical basis for strawberry factory cultivation. Taking two main strawberry varieties of ‘Fengguan’ and ‘Tianxianzui’ as samples, the concentration gradient of plant growth regulator was set, the basic formula of medium was adjusted, and the tip-shoot differentiation, the morphology of proliferating seedlings, the proliferation coefficient, the leaf and root of rooting seedlings were investigated. The differences of the amplified bands of SRAP markers in plants before and after tissue culture were compared. The medium formula suitable for primary culture was MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+ NAA 0.01 mg/L. The medium formula for proliferation culture was MS+ 6-BA 0.3 mg/L+ NAA 0.01 mg/L. And the medium formula for rooting culture was 1/2MS+ calcium nitrate 0.45 g/L. 19 pairs of SRAP primers were used for specific amplification of plant DNA before and after tissue culture, the obtained 72 gene locus bands did not change, and there was no difference in DNA fingerprints formed by the above bands. The tip-shoot tissue culture breeding system of strawberry obtained in this study had the characteristics of few plant growth regulators and low concentration, low proliferation coefficient, short tissue culture time, robust seedling and stable gene.

  Effects of Spraying of Wood Vinegar on Growth and Sclerotinia Resistance of Radish and Cabbage YU Zihui, ZHAO Chengjuan, ZHU Kunmiao, QU Zhaojie, HU Liyong, YUAN Baozhong 2023, 39 (34):  47-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0986 Abstract + ( 23 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1724KB )   ( 5 ) Reducing the application of pesticides and fertilizers and obtaining high-yield, high-quality and safe products has become the main goal of vegetable cultivation in China. To study the effects of wood vinegar on the growth and sclerotinia resistance of radish and cabbage, two treatments of diluted wood vinegar 400 times and formulated wood vinegar were sprayed on the foliar surface, and water was sprayed as the control. The results showed that spraying wood vinegar could improve the root neck thickness, total leaf number, green leaf number, leaf area, SPAD and biomass of vegetables. Compared with the control, spraying wood vinegar diluted 400 times significantly increased the yield of radish and cabbage by 88.7% and 37.8%, respectively. After inoculation of sclerotinia bacteria, dilute 100-400 times wood vinegar and formula solution were applied, with the increase of wood vinegar concentration, the bacteriostatic rate of diluted 100-200 times wood vinegar and formula solution could reach more than 50%, of which the bacteriostatic rate of diluted 100 times wood vinegar formula was as high as 75.7%; The control effect (60 h) of radish and cabbage sclerotinia reached 46.9% and 32.8%, respectively, which was not significantly different from the sclerotia of 0.4 μg/mL.

  Nutritional Component Analysis of Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivated with Reed Instead of Wood Chip as Substrate JI Yuliang, WANG Yanjie, LI Yingzhuo, MA Ronghui, CHEN Jiabo, WANG Qiong 2023, 39 (34):  53-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0985 Abstract + ( 11 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1455KB )   ( 3 ) To enrich high-quality mushroom cultivation substrates and expand the high-value utilization of reed straw, the raw material ratio for cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus with reed base was studied by using test fungus ‘Xiahui No.1’. Seven modified substrates with 0%, 25%, 33%, 50%, 67%, 75%, and 100% reed substitution ratios were set up to cultivate the P. ostreatus, and the impact of the reed addition amount on the nutritional quality of P. ostreatus fruit bodies was analyzed. The zinc and selenium contents of P. ostreatus fruit bodies increased by more than 18.9% when reeds replaced 50% of wood chips compared to pure wood chips. In addition, their crude protein, medical amino acid, essential amino acid, and total amino acid contents increased by more than 10.5%, sweet and delicious amino acids increased by more than 11.6%. Similarly, selenium content increased by 65.9%, and zinc, iron, and vitamin B2 increased by more than 30.4% when reeds replaced 67% of wood chips compared to pure wood chips. In addition, medical amino acid, essential amino acid, and total amino acid contents increased by 3.3%, 14.9%, and 6.8%, respectively. Moreover, the score of ratio coefficient of amino acids, essential amino acid index, biological value, and nutrition index values were the highest among the seven modified substrates. The substrate with a 50% reed substitution ratio had higher medicinal value and better edible flavor. The amino acid composition of mushrooms grown with a 67% substitution ratio was closer to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and egg model protein, with higher contents of multiple trace elements and better overall nutritional value. From the nutritional balance perspective, the reed substitution ratio in substrate should not be too high.

  Physiological Response of Rubus idaeus Stems to Cryogenic Stress WANG Xinyue, ZHANG Liye, ZHANG Xuemei 2023, 39 (34):  63-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0933 Abstract + ( 9 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1361KB )   ( 1 ) The paper aims to explore the reasons for the difference in cold resistance between wild Rubus idaeus resources with low temperature resistance and low temperature sensitive R. idaeus cultivars, and to provide theoretical basis for breeding cold-resistant varieties. At the same time, principal component analysis was used to evaluate the cold resistance. The primary stems of wild R. idaeus resources R. crataegifolius 1, R. crataegifolius 2, and cultivars of R. idaeus of ‘Polana’, ‘Fertodi’, and ‘Heritage’ were used as experimental materials to explore the differences in relative water content, osmotic adjustment substances, antioxidant enzyme activity and membrane permeability during natural overwintering. The relative water content of the stem of the R. crataegifolius did not change much during the natural overwintering process, and reached the lowest value of 47.77% on January 11, 2021, while the relative water content of the stem of the R. idaeus cultivar decreased rapidly during the low temperature period (January 11), and the lowest value was only 12.83%. The SOD activity of R. idaeus stems fluctuated during the overwintering period, and the SOD activity of wild resources was significantly higher than that of cultivated varieties during most overwintering periods. The soluble protein content and proline content of R. crataegifolius stems were significantly higher than those of R. idaeus cultivars during the overwintering period, and the relative conductivity and MDA content of stems were significantly lower than those of R. idaeus cultivars. The cold resistance from strong to weak was R. crataegifolius 2, R. crataegifolius 1, ‘Polana’, ‘Fertodi’, and ‘Heritage’. The cold resistance of wild R. idaeus resources is significantly better than that of R. idaeus cultivars, mainly due to the strong water retention capacity of stems, high resistance to membrane lipid peroxidation, and the role of high osmotic regulatory substances and antioxidant enzyme systems under low temperature stress.

  Correlation Analysis of Characteristics of the Fruit-bearing Mother Shoots and Fruit Characteristics of Clausena lansium LU Yusheng, CHANG Xiaoxiao, CHEN Huiqiong, CHEN Zhe, QIU Jishui, MENG Xiangchun, PENG Cheng 2023, 39 (34):  73-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0963 Abstract + ( 8 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2033KB )   ( 1 ) In this study, the correlation between fruit-bearing mother shoots and fruit characteristics of Clausena lansium (wampee) was investigated, so as to provide theoretical basis for establishing scientific cultivation techniques of wampee. Two main wampee varieties (‘Wuhehuangpi’ and ‘Jixinhuangpi’) were used as materials. The characteristics of thickness, length, compound leaf number, leaflet number of the fruit-bearing mother shoots were assessed, and the fruit characteristics such fruit cluster length, fruit cluster weight, total fruit number, single fruit weight, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit transverse diameter and total soluble solid content were detected, and the correlation between the characteristics of fruit-bearing mother shoots and fruit characteristics was analyzed. The results of correlation analysis showed that thickness, length, compound leaf number, leaflet number of the fruit-bearing mother shoots were all extremely significantly or significantly positive correlated with fruit cluster length, fruit cluster weight, total fruit number, single fruit weight, fruit longitudinal diameter and fruit transverse diameter. According to regression analysis, the fruit-bearing mother shoot thickness was the most important factor to fruit cluster weight. The fruit cluster length, fruit cluster weight, total fruit number, single fruit weight, fruit longitudinal diameter and fruit transverse diameter were gradually increased with the increase of the fruit-bearing mother shoot thickness. The fruit-bearing mother shoot thickness had significant influence on the fruit characteristics of wampee. In actual cultivation management, cultural practices such as proper pruning, fertilization and branch control can be employed to cultivate stout fruit-bearing mother shoot, so as to improve yield and quality of wampee.

  Study on Cutting Propagation Technology of Rosa chinensis var. minima ‘Petit Four’ with Constant Temperature Substrate ZONG Shubin, WU Xuli, CHEN Shaoqing, FU Danyang, CAI Hongyu 2023, 39 (34):  79-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1002 Abstract + ( 9 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1759KB )   ( 1 ) The cutting propagation technology experiment of Rosa chinensis var. minima ‘Petit Four’ with constant temperature substrate breeding system has been done. The effects of substrate temperature, micro spraying times, micro spraying duration and hormone treatment on the cutting rooting were studied with orthogonal design L9(34), so as to improve the breeding technology system of Rosa chinensis var. minima ‘Petit Four’. The results showed that by comprehensively analyzing the average rooting rate, average root length and average rooting number, the optimal horizontal combination was A3B2C1D1, that is, the substrate temperature was 25℃, the micro spraying was 2 times, the micro spraying duration was 5 minutes, soaked with IBA 200 mg/L for 10 minutes. The best treatment in this experiment was T8 treatment, with an average rooting rate of 91.08%, an average root length of 5.17 cm, and an average number of 6.36 roots.

  Preliminary Establishment of Tissue Culture Regeneration System for Begonia benariensis ‘BIG’ CHEN Caixia, HUANG Min, ZHAO Yi, CAO Chuanqu, WANG Jisheng, SHI Zhihua, WANG Gefeng, GAO Junshan 2023, 39 (34):  86-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0944 Abstract + ( 14 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1911KB )   ( 5 ) The Begonia benariensis ‘BIG’ has high ornamental and economic value, and has broad application prospects. However, the varieties of B. benariensis ‘BIG’ grown in China rely on foreign imports. MS and 1/2MS were used as basic media, and combined with different plant hormones respectively to study the effects of combination media on adventitious bud differentiation, regeneration and rooting of B. benariensis, so as to establish a rapid propagation system for B. benariensis, and to solve the germplasm resource dilemma in production. The results showed that the optimal medium for adventitious bud differentiation was MS+1 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.1 mg/L 2.4-D+ 0.2 mg/L NAA. The optimal medium for adventitious bud subculture was MS+1 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.1 mg/L NAA. The optimal medium for rooting was 1/2MS+ 1.0 mg/L NAA. The experiment established a tissue culture regeneration system for B. benariensis ‘BIG’, which provided a theoretical basis for large scale culture and propagation.

  A Study on Heat Tolerance of Six Fern Species from Northern China WU Fei, LI Peng, WANG Wei, CUI Yulian, XU Yuqing, LU Shanshan, ZHAO Baolin 2023, 39 (34):  92-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0248 Abstract + ( 14 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1373KB )   ( 1 ) In order to guide the selection of fern materials for landscape in the summer high-temperature environment of northern China, this study compared the heat resistance of six native fern species from northern China using parameters such as electrical conductivity, half-lethal temperature, and cell damage rate. Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, Onoclea sensibilis var. interrupta, Matteuccia struthiopteri, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, D. expansa, and Athyrium sinense were selected for heat stress treatment. The relative conductivity of them was determined under gradient temperature treatment conditions, and the half-lethal temperature (LT50) was calculated by a Logistic equation. Simultaneously, measurements of fern leaf epidermis structure (leaf area, leaf weight, stomata density), chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic data were also conducted. On such a basis, the correlation between the heat resistance of ferns and each measurement indicator was analyzed and then tested using field observation data. Combining with geographical distribution characteristics of ferns, the thermal resistance of each experimental material was comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that with the increase of temperature, the cell damage rate showed an ‘S’ curve (slow-fast-slow). The ranking of six fern species based on half-lethal temperature ranges from highest to lowest was as follows: D. crassirhizoma (63.77℃)> A. sinense (62.07℃)> D. expansa (61.63℃)> M. struthiopteris (61.13℃)> O. sensibilis var. interrupta (58.10℃)> P. aquilinum var. latiusculum (56.70℃). The field observation data were generally consistent with the conductivity data and the geographical distribution characteristics of ferns. LT50 could be used as one of the evaluating factors for the heat tolerance of ferns. The epidermal morphology of leaves can also be used as a reference for heat tolerance. The selection results can enrich the types of ferns used in garden display in Beijing.

  Physiological and Ecological Effect of Covering Tea Garden with Light Conversion Film During Low Temperature Period in Winter and Spring LIU Jiayu, HU Haitao, LIU Xiaotang, CHEN Zhendong, LIANG Cheng’e, TANG Hao 2023, 39 (34):  98-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0949 Abstract + ( 12 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1318KB )   ( 1 ) The physiological and ecological effects of light conversion film in greenhouse tea garden in winter and spring were studied to provide basis for the application of light conversion film in greenhouse tea garden. Four treatments of common plastic film greenhouse tea garden, open-air tea garden (CK), light conversion plastic film greenhouse tea garden and light conversion plastic film greenhouse tea garden were applied with CO2. The effects of different treatments on micro climate, tea tree development and tea quality were compared. During the film covering period, the average temperature in the shed from January to April was 3.49%-4.07% higher than CK, the average humidity was 0.03%-1.35% higher, and the light intensity was 4.71%-10.01% lower than CK. Compared with CK, the length of one bud and two leaves, weight of 100 buds, germination density and total yield of tea trees treated with light conversion film+ CO2 increased by 12.62%, 7.30%, 13.74% and 14.75% respectively, among which the yield of spring tea and autumn tea increased by 8.77% and 24.42% respectively. The contents of amino acid, soluble sugar and tea polyphenol in fresh tea leaves treated with light conversion film + CO2 increased significantly by 22.44%, 23.62% and 17.68% compared to CK, respectively, while the content of caffeine was significantly lower than that of CK. The average relative content of alcohols was higher, with the content of β-linalool and trans-3-hexenol significantly higher than CK. The tea garden covered with light conversion film and supplemented with CO2 is conducive to carbon assimilation, which increases the total amount of amino acids, soluble sugar and tea polyphenols, promotes the sweet and mellow aroma of tea soup, and improves the thickness and sweetness.

  Research on the Temporal and Spatial Evolution and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Anhui Province: Based on a Spatial Econometric Model LU Ci, LI Minghong, ZHANG Jun 2023, 39 (34):  105-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0915 Abstract + ( 14 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1712KB )   ( 3 ) Anhui Province is an important agricultural production base in China, and agricultural non-point source pollution is a major restrictive factor affecting the ecological security of Anhui. The unit survey method and spatial econometric method were used to analyze the current situation and spatial correlation of agricultural pollution in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2020, and the spatial Durbin model was used to explore the influencing factors. The study found that: (1) the total amount of agricultural non-point source pollution in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2020 was U-shaped, the COD and TP emissions were similar to the total, and the TN emission showed a downward trend. (2) There were clear spatial differences in the overall level of non-point source pollution in the 16 cities, and the overall level of non-point source pollution in agriculture was better in each city in 2020. (3) Using two different spatial weight matrices to measure agricultural non-point source pollution in Anhui Province, the spatial correlation of emissions showed that there was a positive spatial correlation, indicating a significant effect of homogeneous variation. (4) The spatial Durbin model was used to verify that the proportion of non-agricultural employment inhibited agricultural non-point source pollution, and the household income of farmers promoted agricultural non-point source pollution. Both have significant spatial effects, with the latter having a greater facilitating effect than the inhibiting effect of the former.

  Variability of Soil Heavy Metal Content of Five Stand Types in Beijiang River Basin YE Caihong, XU Tiaozi, ZHANG Zhongrui, ZHU Hangyong, ZHANG Geng, HE Qian, DING Xiaogang 2023, 39 (34):  114-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0964 Abstract + ( 9 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1919KB )   ( 1 ) To examine the characteristics of soil heavy metal content and the pollution condition of different forest types in the Beijiang River Basin and to provide a theoretical framework for the assessment of heavy metal pollution, soil concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg were investigated in the 0-40 cm soil layer of five different forest types (Eucalyptus robusta, Bambusoideae, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana and Pinus elliotti) in the Beijiang River Basin. The single factor index method, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method, geo-accumulation index method and potential ecological risk index method were used to evaluate the pollution and possible ecological risk of soil heavy metal contamination in each stand type. The results showed that: (1) Zn and Hg had the highest and lowest concentrations of heavy metals respectively in the soil of all stands. (2) The four heavy metal components of soil (Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn) had a strong link with one another. Additionally, soil pH, TN, TP and OC all had an impact on soil’s heavy metal content, with TP had the biggest impact. (3) Only the geo-accumulation index evaluation results revealed that the Hg element in the soil of the Bambusoideae stands was mildly to moderately contaminated. The soil of the five stands tested for heavy metal pollution was almost clean or safe. The potential ecological risk levels of mercury were moderate, while those of the other heavy metals were minimal. This study found that the soil environmental quality of the woodland in the Beijiang Basin was good, and the evaluation result of soil heavy metal pollution in the majority of areas was clean or no pollution, providing fundamental information and theoretical support for the prevention and control of soil pollution as well as for the regional ecological protection of the woodland in the Beijiang Basin.

  Improvement of Plant Acid and Alkali Resistance and Soil pH Application Potential by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi LI Jiaqi, WANG Xiaohui, HE Xin, SONG Fuqiang 2023, 39 (34):  123-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0503 Abstract + ( 10 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1408KB )   ( 2 ) Soil pH is an important factor affecting the normal growth of plants. Excessive acid or alkali in soil will have a serious impact on plant growth and endanger the growth of food crops. China has a large population and requires enough arable land to plant food for people’s needs. However, a large amount of arable land is endangered by soil acidification and salinization. It is necessary to convert acidified and salinized soils into available arable land. How to improve soil pH has become a technical bottleneck for sustainable land use. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form mycorrhizal structure with most plants on land, promoting nutrient uptake by plants, and secreting some secondary metabolites to regulate soil pH. In view of the good application prospect of AMF, this paper described the ability of AMF to improve host acid and alkali tolerance by increasing biomass, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity of host, and promoting plant nutrient uptake from soil; and elucidated the mechanism of AMF’s action in regulating the pH of the soil from the perspective of its ability to affect the plant secretion of secondary metabolites, the structure of the soil microbial community, the activity of the soil enzymes, the immobilisation of the nutrients in the soil, and the distribution of metals in the soil. At the same time, the application of AMF in the future was prospected, in order to improve soil quality effectively through mycorrhizal biotechnology, and to provide ideas for solving the problem of grain reduction caused by soil over-acid or over-alkali.

  Response of Plantago asiatica Phenology to Meteorological Conditions in West-central Tibet from 2002 to 2021 TGEWANG, DU Jun, JIGME Namgyal, WANG Ting, TASHI Wanglha 2023, 39 (34):  130-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0930 Abstract + ( 9 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1376KB )   ( 6 ) The phenology changes of Plantago asiatica (PA) and their relationship with meteorological conditions were investigated in Shigatse, aiming to provide support for the study on the vegetation phenological changes in Tibet under the background of climate warming. Based on the data of PA’s phenology and monthly mean temperature, maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), relative humidity (RH), precipitation (Pr) and sunshine duration (S) in Shigatse of west-central Tibet from 2002 to 2021, the change of PA’s phenophase and its relationship with meteorological factors in Shigatse were studied by the methods of linear regression, Pearson correlation coefficient and partial least regression (PLS). The main results showed that: (1) the phenophases of PA had been significantly delayed in west-central Tibet from 2002 to 2021, with rates ranging from 8.96 to 38.63 days per decade, among which the changing rate of seed full maturity date was the most obvious with the highest value. In contrast, the length of growth season had prolonged slowly at a rate of 1.03 days per decade. (2) The significant delay in the phenology of PA in west-central Tibet could be mainly attributed to the decrease of Tmin in January, the reducing of S in March and RH in November, and the significant increase of Tmax in November. The response rates to temperature were 3.41 and 4.37 d/℃ in the first leaf expansion date and common leaf withering date of PA, respectively.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Sanhua Plum Fruits by Texture Analyzer PAN Qiuling, LI Fang, JIANG Zhixin, HUANG Jianchang, SONG Wenpei, MA Huanji, LI Juan, LI Caiqin 2023, 39 (34):  136-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0987 Abstract + ( 10 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1337KB )   ( 2 ) The purpose of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for establishing a quantitative evaluation method of Sanhua plum fruit texture quality, and determine the texture parameters of Sanhua plum by texture analyzer puncture test. ‘Qilin’ Sanhua plum fruits were used as the material, the penetration distance, penetration speed, contact force, and puncture site were tested as single factor parameters. Through the probe P2 of texture analyzer, the puncture mechanical experiment of Sanhua plum fruit was carried out, and the changes of fruit texture were analyzed, including peel strength, peel fragility, peel rupture distance, peel toughness, pulp hardness, pulp cohesiveness, and pulp adhesion, so as to determine the best conditions for measuring texture characteristics. The results showed that the optimal parameters of trigger force, puncture distance, and penetration speed for determing Sanhua plum fruit texture quality were 15 g, 9 mm, and 1 mm/s, respectively. The best puncture site was in the middle part of the fruit. Peel toughness was significant positively correlated with peel rupture distance and pulp hardness. The quantitative evaluation method of fruit texture quality of Sanhua plum by texture analyzer piercing test was preliminarily established, which enriched the content of texture evaluation of Sanhua plum.

  Component Identification and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polyphenols from Prunus domestica ‘French’ NIGARY Yadikar, ZHU Xuan, FENG Zuoshan, WANG Guowang, KANG Jie, WANG Chen 2023, 39 (34):  143-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0887 Abstract + ( 10 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1739KB )   ( 2 ) The paper aims to study the antioxidant activity and material basis of polyphenols in Prunus domestica ‘French’. Folin-ciocalteu was used to determine the content of free and bound phenols in various parts of‘French’prunes. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-EIS-MS) was used to identify the components, and the antioxidant activities of polyphenols in various parts of prunes were discussed. The results showed that the contents of free and bound phenols in prune flesh were (289.58±2.89) mg GAE/100 g and (78.46±0.31) mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The contents of free and bound phenols in prune peel were (313.54±6.88) mg GAE/100 g and (97.92±0.36) mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The contents of free and bound phenols in flesh and peel of prune were (300±3.90) mg GAE/100 g and (92.5±4.96) mg GAE/100 g. A total of 9 compounds were identified by UPLC-DAD-EIS-MS. Quercetin-O-glucose, oxalic acid and tartaric acid were found in the bound phenol of fruit peel. There were caffeic acid and L-malic acid in pulp binding phenol, and quinic, gallic, oxalic, and L-malic acids in the peel free phenol. Vanillin and (+) catechin were found in the free phenol of the flesh. The results of antioxidant experiments showed that when the concentration was 1.0 mg/mL, the total reducing power (2.257) and superoxide anion scavenging rate (78.70%) of free phenol in prune peel were the highest, and the hydroxyl group (90.84%) and DPPH (84.27%) had the highest free radical scavenging rate, indicating that the polyphenolic compounds in various parts of prunes had a certain antioxidant activity, and all of them increased with the increase of concentration.

  Analysis of Scientific and Technological Situation and Research Competitiveness in Field of Agronomy in the Yangtze River Delta Based on Multi-Source Data GUO Ting, LUO Rui, SUN Yiwei, DAI Hongjun, GUI Shuting, REN Ni 2023, 39 (34):  154-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0892 Abstract + ( 15 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 2898KB )   ( 2 ) Through the analysis of the scientific and technological situation and Scientific research competitiveness in the field of agronomy in the Yangtze River Delta, it is expected to provide data reference and information support for scientific and technological innovation and management decision-making in the field of agronomy in the Yangtze River Delta at present and in the future. Based on multi-source data such as papers and patents, the research focus, research frontier, scientific research competitiveness of three provinces and one city and major agricultural research institutions in the area of agronomy in the Yangtze River Delta are deeply studied and visually displayed by means of literature measurement, patent measurement and knowledge map. In the field of agronomy in the Yangtze River Delta, (1) the overall research is divided into four research directions: cultivation and nutrition management technology, physiological and biochemical and gene regulation technology, plant protection technology, and research and development and utilization of field management machinery. (2) Five research contents such as cultivation technology and cultivation mode are the research frontiers. (3) The comprehensive scientific research competitiveness of Jiangsu Province is the strongest, followed by Zhejiang Province, Shanghai and Anhui Province. Each province or city has its own research advantages. (4) Nanjing Agricultural University has the strongest comprehensive scientific research competitiveness, followed by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The four institutions have their own research advantages. In the future, we should strengthen organizational leadership, financial support, regional cooperation and collaborative innovation, aim at research frontiers and tackle key technologies to promote the development of scientific and technological innovation in the field of agronomy in the Yangtze River Delta.