Current issue

• 2026 Vol.42 No.5 Published:15 March 2026

  Evaluation of Forage Barley Germplasm Resources Based on Multiple Traits WANG Zhengfeng, ZHAO Feng, LIU Jing, BAO Qijun 2026, 42 (5):  1-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0343 Abstract + ( 37 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 3107KB )   ( 18 ) To address the shortage of forage barley varieties and the scarcity of high-quality germplasm resources in the cold and arid areas of Gansu Province, this study aims to identify excellent forage barley germplasm suitable for planting in local region. We analyzed agronomic traits (plant height, tiller number, fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area) and nutritional value (crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) related indices at the jointing stage in 19 Chinese and international barley germplasm resources that planted at the Huangyang Town Experimental Station of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted using analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis. The results showed that (1) there were significant differences in agronomic traits and nutritional value among the barley germplasm resources (P<0.05). The coefficients of variation for fresh weight and dry weight exceeded 40%, indicating a rich genetic diversity. (2) The plant height of ‘Kuanying barley’ (57.3 cm) and ‘Zhongnuo 8’ (55.8 cm) was significantly higher than that of other germplasm resources, while ‘Gansimai 1’ had the strongest tillering ability (5 tillers per plant). (3) ‘Zangqing 18’ performed prominently in nutritional value, characterized by low crude fiber content (19.71%), low acid-detergent fiber content, high phosphorus content, and high feeding value (170.42). (4) Through comprehensive evaluation at the jointing stage, the germplasm resources ‘Zangqing 18’, ‘Erleng barley’, ‘Longsimai 7’, ‘Huangzhong Changmang’, and ‘Kuanying barley’ showed good overall performance under cold and arid conditions in Gansu Province. These germplasm resources are suitable for large-scale promotion and planting as forage barley in the region and can also serve as parent materials for breeding high-yielding and stable forage barley varieties. Future studies may involve multi-location and multi-year field trials to further validate the application value of the superior germplasm materials by integrating yield, stress resistance, and feeding effects, thereby providing more comprehensive support for the development of the forage industry in cold and arid regions.

  Selection of Year-round High-yield and High-quality Varieties of Rapeseed Flowering Stalk in Erhai Lake Basin XUE Jiahui, ZHANG Shuntao, WANG Jiangtao, WANG Yunzhen, ZHANG Bokai, WANG Rui, CONG Wenfeng 2026, 42 (5):  12-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0335 Abstract + ( 16 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1740KB )   ( 9 ) This study aims to explore the year-round high-value cropping model in the Erhai Basin and to screen high-yielding vegetable-use rapeseed cultivars suitable for year-round cultivation, thereby providing support for the development of regional green and high-value agriculture. Nine double-low Brassica napus cultivars were used as experimental materials, and field trials were conducted in the small-spring season (November 5, 2022) and the large-spring season (July 1, 2023). Data on growth period, yield, quality, and nutrient accumulation were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the growth period of vegetable-use rapeseed differed significantly between seasons, with the small-spring season being 66-98 days longer than the large-spring season. The yield of rapeseed flowering stalk was generally higher in the small-spring season than in the large-spring season, with ‘Xiziyuan No.2’ (26.3 t/hm2) and ‘Dadi 95’ (25.2 t/hm2) having the highest yields in the small-spring season, while ‘Dadi 95’ (16.1 t/hm2) had the highest yield in the large-spring season. The main yield-contributing factors were leaf number (41.29%) in the large-spring season and single-stalk weight (43.38%) in the small-spring season. Agronomic traits such as single-stalk weight, stalk length, stalk diameter, and leaf number were all superior in the small-spring season compared with the large-spring season. The grading results of rapeseed flowering stalks showed that the proportion of first-grade stalks was consistent with the yield performance. Nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation were significantly higher in the small-spring season than in the large-spring season, with the superior cultivars being ‘Xiziyuan No.2’ and ‘Dadi 95’, while ‘Dadi 95’ performed best in the large-spring season. Comprehensive analysis indicated that year-round cultivation of vegetable-use rapeseed can be achieved in the Erhai Basin, with higher yield and quality in the small-spring season compared with the large-spring season. ‘Xiziyuan No.2’ and ‘Dadi 95’ showed outstanding performance and are suitable for annual promotion, providing technical support for the development of local green and high-value agriculture.

  Investigation of Yield and its Constitution of Peanut Varieties Across Different Eras in Shandong Province WANG Lili, WANG Yuefu, XU Jie, SI Tong, LI Yingke, JIANG Wei 2026, 42 (5):  21-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0471 Abstract + ( 28 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1363KB )   ( 12 ) This study aimed to solve the problems of unclear yield formation mechanism of peanut varieties in different eras in Shandong Province and the lack of systematic theoretical support for breeding and cultivation. In order to analyze the changes of variety yield and its components, the typical peanut varieties from Shandong Province, including those from the 1960s (‘Qixia Laobaoji’, ‘Jianggezhuang Banman’), 1980s (‘Haihua No.1’, ‘Baisha 1016’), and contemporary varieties (‘Luhua 11’, ‘Huayu 22’, ‘Luhua 12’) were used as materials, and two cultivation modes of film mulching and open field were set up. The biological yield, economic yield, key components and agronomic traits were systematically determined. The results demonstrated a shift in the yield improvement pathway of large-pod peanuts during varietal replacement: from the 1960s to the present, their biological yield under film mulching decreased by 15.34%, while economic yield significantly increased by 24.70%, primarily due to a substantial improvement in the economic coefficient. In contrast, small-pod peanuts exhibited synergistic growth in both biological and economic yields under open-field cultivation, with contemporary varieties showing increases of 17.82% and 13.68%, respectively, compared to the 1980s varieties. Peanut pod yield is closely associated with the characteristics of the aboveground parts, and the improvement in peanut yield results from the combined effects of biological yield and economic coefficient. In the future, molecular markers and physiological mechanisms can be combined to explore breeding targets for synergistic improvement of economic coefficient and biological yield, so as to provide support for high-yield and high-quality peanut breeding.

  Research Progress on Germplasm Resources, Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of Platostoma palustre GU Yan, HE Weixian, DENG Quanqing, MEI Yu, XU Shiqiang, LI Jingyu, WANG Jihua 2026, 42 (5):  27-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0526 Abstract + ( 7 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1306KB )   ( 8 ) As an important medicinal and edible plant in China, Platostoma palustre possesses multifaceted value in the fields of medicine, food, and chemical industry, yet issues such as limited germplasm diversity, lagging elite cultivar improvement and extensive cultivation practices have hindered the further development of its industry. This review synthesizes global research progress on germplasm resource distribution, varietal breeding, and cultivation techniques of Platostoma palustre, while systematically analyzing the bottleneck problems such as lack of germplasm resources, bottleneck of breeding technology and non-standard cultivation management in the development and utilization of germplasm resources and large-scale planting in China. Based on the current research trends and industrial development needs, this paper proposes that the protection and utilization of the germplasm resources should be strengthened. It suggests innovating germplasm resources through techniques such as chemical mutagenesis and distant hybridization, establishing a germplasm resource evaluation system based on molecular markers, and conducting systematic phenomics analysis. Additionally, it advocates adopting multi-channel breeding strategies including traditional breeding and modern molecular breeding technologies, while formulating standard cultivation technical regulations. The study provides references for the innovation of germplasm resources, efficient breeding, and improvement of standardized cultivation techniques for Platostoma palustre in China.

  Analysis on Registration Status of Microbial Fertilizers in Beijing WANG Yanping, ZHANG Jingsuo, ZHOU Jie, ZHANG Xuelian, LIU Jiyuan, CHEN Xiaohui, WANG Yikun, JI Wei, ZHANG Xingang, GAO Fei 2026, 42 (5):  35-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0867 Abstract + ( 18 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1294KB )   ( 13 ) This study analyzed the development status of Beijing’s microbial fertilizer industry using local registration data, focusing on enterprise distribution, product structure, and effective viable bacteria composition. As of June 2025, 62 enterprises in Beijing had registered 352 microbial fertilizer products, showing a distinct industrial concentration: 9 key enterprises contributed 53.13% of total registered products, while 70% of enterprises had ≤5 products and 27.42% had only 1 product. In product structure, microbial agents dominated (48.58%), followed by bio-organic fertilizers (20.45%) and compound microbial fertilizers (16.48%). For effective viable bacteria, bacteria were the primary component (87.13%), supplemented by fungi (10.33%) and actinomycetes (2.25%); algae application was minimal (0.30%). Strain usage was concentrated in Bacillus (58.53%) and Paenibacillus (20.06%). Notably, most products had low effective viable bacteria content: 85.80% of products had a registered count ≤1.0×109 CFU/g (mL), while only 3.41% reached ≥2.0×1011 CFU/g (mL). It is suggested to establish a microbial resource library in Beijing, focusing on the collection and preservation of strains adapted to the climate and soil conditions in the north, break technical bottlenecks (synthetic microbial community construction, action mechanism elucidation, strain activity maintenance, and field colonization-interaction), and enhance enterprise innovation capabilities.

  Study on Biological Characteristics and Optimization of Culture Conditions of Two Efficient Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria HU Mingzhu, ZHANG Junjie, SHI Xuerui, WANG Wei, DAI Jinxia 2026, 42 (5):  42-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0399 Abstract + ( 15 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1954KB )   ( 5 ) This study aims to investigate the biological characteristics of phosphate-solubilizing strains B23 and S10, optimize their cultivation conditions, and provide basic data for exploring the phosphate-solubilizing mechanism and preparing phosphate-solubilizing bacterial fertilizers. The Salkowski colorimetric method and the phenol-sulfuric acid method were used to quantitatively determine the strain's IAA production and exopolysaccharide production; single-factor level experiments were adopted to optimize phosphate-solubilizing culture conditions for strains; the colorimetric method was used to determine phosphatase and glucose dehydrogenase in strains; and the effects of the strains on the germination of Avena sativa, Triticum aestivum, and Medicago sativa seeds were investigated through pot experiments. The results indicate that both S10 and B23 have the abilities to produce IAA, dissolve organophosphorus, produce siderophores, produce HCN, and produce exopolysaccharide, with IAA yieds of 18.875 mg/L and 7.603 mg/L respectively; exopolysaccharide yields of 16.290 μg/mL and 16.941 μg/mL respectively,S10 also has the ability to produce NH3. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicates that they belong to the Serratia and Acinetobacter, respectively. The strain exhibits the strongest phosphate-solubilizing effect when the carbon and nitrogen sources are sucrose and urea, with the optimal initial pH values being pH 6.0 and pH 7.0, respectively. Compared with before optimization, the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and glucose dehydrogenase in S10 were increased by 33.97%, 47.20%, and 20.94%, respectively; in B23, they were increased by 12.47%, 99.19%, and 54.63%, respectively. Both B23 and S10 can significantly improve the germination vigor, germination rate, and sprout length of Avena sativa, Triticum aestivum, and Medicago sativa. They also have a significant promoting effect on the root length of Avena sativa and Triticum aestivum. The above results indicate that strains S10 and B23 have strong phosphate-solubilizing abilities and multiple plant growth-promoting potentials. They can promote seed germination and may serve as candidate strains for preparing phosphate-solubilizing bio-fertilizers.

  Hydroponic Nutrient Solution and Variety Screening for Vegetable Sweet Potato GAO Peng, PU Zhigang, YANG Dan, LI Ming, DU Dandan, FENG Junyan, QU Huijuan, LANG Tao, REN Min, LI Changying, ZHANG Cong 2026, 42 (5):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0437 Abstract + ( 15 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1219KB )   ( 8 ) Vegetable sweet potato is rich in nutritional value. Aiming at the problems of seasonal supply limitation in traditional cultivation and the lack of special hydroponic nutrient solutions and suitable varieties for vegetable sweet potato, this study screened nutrient solution formulas and varieties suitable for the growth of vegetable sweet potato. Four varieties, namely ‘Tainong 71’,‘Fushu 23’,‘Chuancaishu SH1’, and‘Chuancaishu SH3’, were used as experimental materials. Indoor hydroponic experiments were conducted with seven nutrient solution formulas (Morard, Hoagland, Japanese Garden, etc.), and plant height, biomass, shoot tip weight and length, and other indices were determined. The results showed: (1) The Japanese Garden nutrient solution (C) exhibited the optimal culture effect, with an average shoot weight of 10.85 g, shoot tip weight of 4.42 g, and shoot tip length of 4.79 cm, which were significantly better than those of other formulas, followed by the Japanese Yamazaki nutrient solution (F). (2) Among the varieties, ‘Chuancaishu SH3’ performed the best, with an average shoot weight of 9.75 g, average shoot tip weight of 4.30 g, and average shoot tip length of 4.81 cm, showing significant advantages in shoot growth. (3) There was a negative correlation between shoot and root growth. ‘Fushu 23’ had the best root development, with a root length of 27.93 cm and root weight of 2.45 g. In summary, the combination of Japanese Garden nutrient solution and ‘Chuanshu SH3’ is the optimal scheme for hydroponic cultivation of vegetable sweet potato. This study provides theoretical guidance for the hydroponic practice of vegetable sweet potato and a scientific basis for the subsequent optimization of hydroponic varieties and nutrient solution selection.

  Research Progress on Parthenocarpy in Cucurbitaceae Crops YU Yangyang, ZHANG Changyuan, ZHANG Huiyao, WU Tingquan, XIE Qi, GUO Jinju 2026, 42 (5):  55-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0338 Abstract + ( 6 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1190KB )   ( 6 ) To promote the breeding and industrial application of parthenocarpic varieties in cucurbit crops, this article reviews the research progress on parthenocarpic germplasm resources, hormonal and environmental induction, genetic inheritance, and key regulatory genes. It highlights existing challenges, such as the scarcity of germplasm resources, the instability of traits due to environmental sensitivity, and the unclear mechanisms of parthenocarpic genes and their regulation. Strategies proposed include integrating fine mapping with multi-omics approaches to identify key genes, establishing a molecular marker-assisted breeding system for multi-locus selection, and creating novel germplasm through genetic engineering techniques. This study provides a theoretical foundation for systematically elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of parthenocarpy, facilitating breeding new varieties, and promoting industrial development.

  Influence of Different Sowing and Planting Periods on Growth of Yellow Onion in Hilly Areas of Southern Jiangsu LIU Yeqiong, OU Aijia, DONG Xingyuan, LI Bing, SUN Pengpeng 2026, 42 (5):  62-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0461 Abstract + ( 10 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1356KB )   ( 6 ) The study aims to solve the problem of lack of supporting autumn and winter cultivation techniques for the new variety 'Nonglin Huangyu 405' yellow onion in the hilly areas of southern Jiangsu, and the unclear sowing and planting periods. To select the suitable cultivation date, two sowing periods (September 27th and October 11th) and three planting periods (November 29th, December 13th, and December 27th) were set up, resulting in six treatments. Plant growth traits, seedling biomass, bulb traits, and yield were measured to select the optimal combination. The results showed: (1) After 60 days of planting, seedlings planted earlier showed better growth vigor. With the postponement of sowing and planting periods, the total dry and fresh weight of the whole plant and the healthy seedling index showed an upward trend during the seedling stage. (2) The treatment of sowing on October 11th and planting on November 29th (T2) performed the best, with a bulb length of 8.62 cm, width of 10.20 cm, hardness of 7.30 kg/cm2, and a single bulb weight of 386.67 g, equivalent to a yield of 86445.33 kg/hm2, which was 2.83%-50.09% higher than other treatments. (3) Postponing the sowing and planting periods led to a decrease in bulb traits and yield. In summary, sowing on October 11th and planting on November 29th is the optimal cultivation combination for 'Nonglin Huangyu 405' in the hilly areas of southern Jiangsu. In the future, cultivation parameters can be optimized by combining soil fertility and climate year types, and a collaborative experiment on sowing-planting period-density can be conducted to provide more comprehensive technical support for the large-scale promotion of new varieties.

  Effect of Topping on Flowering and Fruit Setting in Lower Nodes of Blueberry Shoots LU Xingyu, WEN Zhuang, WU Liting, CUI Lingyan, LIU Yalan, YANG Qin 2026, 42 (5):  69-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0978 Abstract + ( 11 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1545KB )   ( 9 ) The development of effective flowering regulation techniques is of great significance for improving blueberry yield. This study investigated the regulatory effects of mild apical dominance suppression on reproductive growth in blueberries, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing flowering and fruiting management practices. Two consecutive trials were conducted using ‘Premier’ blueberry as plant material, with apical bud removal (topping) and non-removal (non-topping, the control) treatments. Morphological observation, statistical analysis, and quantitative PCR were employed to systematically compare flowering and fruiting performance in lower shoot nodes and to analyze the expression dynamics of key flowering-related genes VcFT and VcFT-like in corresponding leaves. The results showed that flower number, flowering rate, fruit setting number, and fruit setting rate all decreased progressively with lower node positions. Among these, flower number and flowering rate were consistent across both trials, and the flowering rate of topping group was consistently higher than that of the control. However, the number of flowering nodes, fruit setting number, and fruit setting rate showed annual variation: topping significantly increased the number of flowering nodes in the first trial but led to poorer fruit setting, whereas the second trial showed significantly improved fruit setting rate and fruit setting number in the topping group. Gene expression analysis indicated that VcFT expression increased progressively during floral induction, with a more pronounced increase under topping treatment and a delayed expression peak in lower nodes. In contrast, the expression of VcFT-like was high only at the initial stage of induction, then declined continuously and was nearly undetectable at mid-to-late phases, with no significant differences between the two treatments. In conclusion, topping treatment effectively promotes flower bud formation and increases flower number in lower nodes of blueberry branches. However, its effect on fruit setting may be constrained by environmental conditions and management practices, leading to inconsistent results between years. VcFT plays a positive regulatory role in floral induction, influenced by topping treatment and node position, while VcFT-like may be involved mainly in the early stage of floral induction. These findings reveal that mild apical bud removal promotes flower bud formation at lower nodes on blueberry branches, providing a theoretical reference for flowering and fruit setting regulation in blueberry.

  Effect of Pollination Varieties on Fecundity and Fruit Quality of Blackberries ‘Freedom’ GUAN Jiyuan, CHEN Zhe, ZHANG Qunying 2026, 42 (5):  77-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0750 Abstract + ( 12 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1431KB )   ( 9 ) In order to investigate the effects of pollen xenia on the fruiting and fruit quality of ‘Freedom’ blackberry, this study used ‘Freedom’ as the recipient and conducted artificial pollination with four male parent varieties, including ‘Ark-45’, ‘Erika’, Rubus eustephanos and Rubus peltatus. Comprehensive analysis and evaluation were performed on fruiting, fruit quality, and seed-related indicators. The results indicated that ‘Freedom’ exhibited pollen xenia. The fruit setting rate (54.49 % - 86.01 %), single fruit weight (0.87 - 11.28 g) and soluble solids (8.59 % - 16.53 %) of different male parents were significantly different. Principal component analysis extracted three principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of up to 95.55%, reflecting indicators such as fruit size, flavor, and seed size. The comprehensive evaluation showed that the pollination effect of Rubus peltatus (comprehensive score 1.94) and Rubus eustephanos (1.88) was the best, followed by 'Ark45' (0.41) and 'Erika' (0.09). In summary, Rubus peltatus and Rubus eustephanos are suitable pollinating varieties of ‘Freedom’ blackberry, and the xenia effect of pollen can effectively improve its comprehensive quality. In the future, ploidy analysis and physiological mechanism research can be combined to clarify the regulation path of pollen xenia, so as to provide more accurate support for pollination configuration and quality improvement of blackberry.

  Agronomic Traits and Nutritional Components Analysis of Lepista sordida E70 Cultivated with Different Raw Materials ZHAO Hui, HE Xuemei, LI Biao, Feng Hui, DENG Li, SUN Chuanqi, MA Jie, FU Liang 2026, 42 (5):  83-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0621 Abstract + ( 13 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1616KB )   ( 9 ) To investigate the effects of different cultivation substrates on the agronomic traits and quality of Lepista sordida, a formula cultivation experiment was conducted using the 'E70' strain of L. sordida. Five cultivation formulas (designated as A, B, C, D and E), were set up with wheat straw, corncob, cottonseed hull, and rice straw as the main cultivation substrates respectively. L. sordida was cultivated by the method of one-time fermented material bed cultivation. After the fruiting bodies formed, the agronomic traits and nutritional components of the fruiting bodies were determined to evaluate the impacts of fermented materials with different formulas on the agronomic traits and quality of L. sordida. The results showed that there were significant differences in yield, morphology, color and nutritional components of L. sordida among the five cultivation formulas. The biological efficiency of D (corncob 50% + dry cow dung 26% + husk 20% + lime 2% + gypsum 2%) was (46.73±0.15)%, which was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of other formulas. Comprehensive assessment revealed that the fruiting bodies grown with D exhibited the optimal marketability, characterized by the highest yield, thickest stipe, small pilei, and purple color. The fruiting bodies of L. sordida in the five groups were rich in protein, polysaccharides, and amino acids. Specifically, protein of B (corncob 60% + dry cow dung 36% + lime 2% + gypsum 2%) was 36.70 g/100g; while the polysaccharide of D was 4.76 g/100g, which was 2.44 times that of A (straw 56% + corncob 28% + bran 8% + rapeseed cake 5% + lime 2% + gypsum 1%). The composition of taste amino acids followed the descending order of umami amino acids > bitter amino acids > sweet amino acids > aromatic amino acids. Notably, the umami amino acids of L. sordida in E (rice straw 50% + dry cow dung 26% + husk 20% + lime 2% + gypsum 2%) all exceeded the taste threshold, with a total content of 13.6 g/100g, representing 13.14% increase compared with A, respectively. The sweet amino acid content in C (cottonseed hull 56% + corncob 20% + bran 20% + lime 2% + gypsum 2%) reached 7.41 g/100g, 21.87% rise relative to D. The aspartic acid content in D was 2.7 g/100g, which was 90 times higher than its taste threshold. The glutamic acid content in E hit 6.3 g/100g, 126-fold higher than its taste threshold. Meanwhile, the SRCAA (Sorce of Ratio of Commonly Used Amnio Acids) value of amino acids in D was 68.56, suggesting that this formula had the most balanced proportion of essential amino acids among all test groups. The RCAA (Ratio of Commonly Used Amino Acids) value of methionine in all five formulas was the lowest (all<1), confirming that methionine is the first limiting amino acid of L. sordida. Formula D is the optimal formula for large-scale cultivation of L. sordida 'E70' strain. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the research and development of standardized cultivation techniques and industrial promotion of L. sordida. In the future, multi-strain adaptation and cultivation process optimization can be further studied.

  Impact of Long-term No-tillage and Mulching on Community Structure and Diversity of Soil Macrofauna REN Jialong, LI Hongjuan, LIU Jiliang, XIN Weidong 2026, 42 (5):  92-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0738 Abstract + ( 15 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2011KB )   ( 9 ) The aims are to investigate the impact of long-term no-tillage and mulching practices on the composition and diversity of soil macrofauna, and to provide a scientific basis for evaluating the ecological benefits of conservation tillage measures and sustainable management of farmland ecosystems. Taking the long-term conservation tillage pilot field in Chenghuang Village, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, as the research area, 4 treatments were selected, including 25-year no-tillage and straw mulching (25y-NTS), 21-year no-tillage and straw mulching (21y-NTS), traditional tillage (TC), and control (CK), to analyze the effects of conservation tillage on the composition and diversity of soil macrofauna. A total of 214 large soil animals were captured, belonging to 3 phyla, 8 classes, 20 orders, and 48 families. The results showed that no-tillage and straw mulching treatments significantly increased the individual number, group richness, and diversity index of soil animals (P<0.05), with the 25y-NTS treatment showing the most significant effect; no-tillage and straw mulching significantly increased the number of sensitive groups such as Acari, Porcellionidae, and Valloniidae, while traditional tillage was dominated by Formicidae and Carabidae. In the 25y-NTS, the abundance of Mutillidae was relatively high. In the 21y-NTS, taxa such as Geophilomorpha and Porcellionidae were significantly enriched. The Formicidae community was more dominant in TC, while Carabidae was the dominant family in CK. The distribution of soil animals exhibited significant ground aggregation, positively correlating with soil moisture content, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and available potassium. Long-term no-tillage and straw mulching can significantly enhance the diversity and stability of large soil animal communities by reducing soil disturbance, improving the micro-environment, and enhancing resource availability, with the recovery effect of 25-year no-tillage and straw mulching being more pronounced. In conclusion, soil animal community structure and specific indicator groups can serve as effective biological indicators for evaluating the health of farmland ecosystems and the ecological benefits of management measures.

  Characteristics of Allelochemicals and Microbial Diversity in Soils with Different Types of Tobacco Continuous Cropping Obstacles LUO Guohui, YU Shikang, ZHAI Yangni, GU Huizhan, LI Fucheng, WANG Bin, WU Tao 2026, 42 (5):  101-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0179 Abstract + ( 12 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1707KB )   ( 9 ) The study aims to investigate the impacts of continuous cropping obstacles on allelochemicals, soil enzyme activities, and microbial communities in soil, providing a theoretical basis for overcoming tobacco continuous cropping obstacles. We selected three types of tobacco fields: healthy (H-type), continuous cropping obstacle (CCO-type), and disease inhibition (DI-type). Their allelochemical content, rhizosphere soil microbial diversity, and community structure were determined. The microbial community structure characteristics of soils with different degrees of continuous cropping obstacles and their relationships with allelochemicals and enzyme activities were explored. The results showed that the change trend of allelochemicals was CCO-type>DI-type>H-type. The soil enzyme activities of CCO-type and DI-type were significantly lower than those of H-type. The activities of sucrase (SUC) and phosphatase (PHO) were significantly different among the three types of tobacco fields. The diversity and richness of microorganisms in healthy soil were the highest, and the diversity and richness of microorganisms in continuous cropping obstacle soil were the lowest. The relative abundance of Sordariomycetes in Ascomycota and Zygomycota in Mortierellomycota in continuous cropping obstacle soil was lower than that in healthy soil, while the relative abundance of Dothideomycetes in Ascomycota in continuous cropping obstacle soil was higher than that in healthy soil. Redundancy analysis showed that pH, SOC, SUC, PHO, URE, ALA and DEHP might be potential continuous cropping obstacle factors. The results showed that reducing the content of soil allelochemicals, increasing the activities of sucrase and urease and soil microbial diversity were the priority in remediation efforts for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles in tobacco farming.

  Characteristics and Comprehensive Evaluation of Major Soil Nutrient Changes in Sunite Desert Grassland SU Yan, ZHAO Xiaoying, CHENG Risheng, XUE Shuqin, ZHANG Yinghua 2026, 42 (5):  109-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0876 Abstract + ( 12 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1334KB )   ( 7 ) Based on the data of soil major nutrient content and parallel observation of grass yield in the Sunite desert grassland in central Inner Mongolia from 2005 to 2024, the paper used mathematical statistical methods such as M-K mutation test and principal component analysis, to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the major soil nutrients in the Sunite desert grassland. The results showed that the interannual variation of the major nutrients in the soil of the Sunite desert grassland was not significant, manifested as an insignificant decrease in organic matter and total potassium content, and a weak upward trend in total nitrogen and total phosphorus content; as the soil depth increased, the organic matter and total potassium content showed a weak downward trend, the total nitrogen content showed a “low-high-low” trend, and the total phosphorus content showed a “high-low-high” trend; the total nutrients in the soil had undergone sudden changes in the time series; an evaluation was conducted on the major nutrients in the soil of the Sunite desert grassland. The soil showed a deficiency in organic matter content (level 4), a significant deficiency in total nitrogen and phosphorus content (level 5), and an abundance of total potassium content (level 1); the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first and second principal components reached 81.62%; the organic matter, total phosphorus, and total potassium had higher loadings in the first principal component, while the total nitrogen had higher loadings in the second principal component; the grass yield showed a non-significant negative correlation with total nitrogen, a significant positive correlation with total phosphorus, an extremely significant positive correlation with total potassium, and a non-significant positive correlation with organic matter. In short, soil nutrients play a crucial role in grassland ecosystems, affecting the growth, development and yield of grass. Studying the characteristics and impacts of soil nutrients changes in grassland provides a scientific basis for the rational utilization of local grassland resources and effective protection and restoration of the ecological environment.

  Structure of Carbon Sequestration Bacterial Community and Screening of Carbon Sequestration Microorganisms in Rhizosphere Soil of Wine Grapes YANG Siqi, XUE Tingting, ZHAO Xinru, GAO Lei, CAO Lingxiao, ZHAO Zhipeng, ZHANG Liang 2026, 42 (5):  117-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0702 Abstract + ( 9 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 3163KB )   ( 9 ) This research aims to investigate carbon sequestration microorganisms in vineyard soils and their characteristics of carbon source utilization, in order to provide a basis for enhancing soil organic matter in vineyard systems. Using the rhizosphere soil of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevines as experimental material, this study employed high-throughput sequencing, screening with inorganic carbon-free media, and the Biology-ECO microplate method to analyze the community structure of carbon sequestration microorganisms and their efficiency in carbon source utilization. The dominant bacterial genera in the soils of the four 'Cabernet Sauvignon' vineyards were Bradyrhizobium, Nocardia, Mesorhizobium, Azospirillum, and Rubrivivax. Among them, the organically managed Bonabaifu Vineyard exhibited the highest richness of carbon sequestration microorganisms, with its Chao1 index being 29.70% higher than that of Hedon Vineyard and 46.10% higher than that of Gantu Vineyard. In addition, the genus Rubrivivax was identified as the key functional genus for carbon sequestration, accounting for 17.24%. The three isolated strains of carbon sequestration microorganisms all showed a preference for carbohydrate and amino acid carbon sources. This study confirmed that the carbon sequestration microorganisms in vineyards possessed relatively high species richness, and their community structures differed significantly among different vineyards. Organic and precision management practices can effectively enhance the abundance and functionality of these communities.

  Effect of Partial Chemical Nitrogen Substitution by Organic Fertilizer on Potato Yield and Quality ZHAO Mingming, LI Ke, DU Furong, ZHANG Mei, HU Xinyan, CHEN Xiaoguang 2026, 42 (5):  128-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0676 Abstract + ( 11 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1411KB )   ( 9 ) To investigate the optimization effect of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizers on yield and quality of potato, and to explore the optimum organic fertilizer substitution ratio for chemical fertilizer in potato production, which can provide the scientific basis for high-quality cultivation of potato in Jiangsu Province. The experiment used ‘Zhongshu 3’ as the test variety and set up five fertilization treatments under the condition of a total nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/hm2, including 100% compound fertilizer (N100), 90% compound fertilizer + 10% organic fertilizer (T10), 80% compound fertilizer + 20% organic fertilizer (T20), 70% compound fertilizer + 30% organic fertilizer (T30), and 100% organic fertilizer treatment (T100). The results showed that: (1) the substitution of organic fertilizer significantly promoted the growth of potato plant height, with an increase of 6.12% to 15.82% compared to the N100 treatment, and the differences between the T30 and T100 treatments reached a significant level. Among all treatments, there were no significant differences in the emergence rate, the number of main stems and stem diameter. However, the T10 treatment exhibited the highest emergence rate, while the T30 treatment had the largest number of main stems and the thickest stem diameter. (2) Both the potato yield and weight per plant increased first and then decreased with the increasing substitution ratio of organic fertilizer. Compared to the N100 treatment, the yield increase ranged from 37.17% to 72.80%, and the increase in the weight per plant ranged from 14.00% to 28.27%. Specifically, the T30 treatment had the highest yield and weight per plant, reaching a significant difference compared to the N100 treatment. The number of tubers per plant increased linearly with the increase in the amount of organic fertilizer substitution, with an increase of 10.57% to 40.17% (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the rate of commodity potato. (3) The substitution of organic fertilizer significantly enhanced the crude protein content (4.09% to 18.57%) and reduced sugar content (3.75% to 14.71%), but the dry matter content decreased. There were no significant differences in starch and vitamin C content among the treatments, with the T30 treatment having the highest starch content and the T100 treatment having the highest vitamin C content. The results of this study indicated that the combined application of 70% compound fertilizer and 30% organic fertilizer can synergistically enhance the growth, yield and quality of potato, achieving a synergistic improvement of yield and quality. It can be used as an optimized fertilization strategy for green potato production in Jiangsu Province.

  Research Progress on the Application of New Nanofertilizer Synergists for Crops HEI Linhao, SUN Miao, DONG Helin, SHAO Jingjing, FENG Weina, HUO Feichao, HAN Huimin, LI Pengcheng, ZHENG Cangsong 2026, 42 (5):  135-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0818 Abstract + ( 8 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1225KB )   ( 6 ) This study systematically investigates the potential of novel nano-fertilizer synergists in promoting green agricultural production by enhancing yield, quality, and efficiency. It reviewed their types, mechanisms of action, and application effects. Based on core structure, mode of action, and binding relationships with nutrients, nano-fertilizer synergists were categorized into three types: coated, compound, and carrier-based. The mechanisms were elaborated through multiple pathways, including slow/controlled nutrient release, improved nutrient availability, enhanced crop photosynthesis and stress resistance, and amelioration of the soil microenvironment. The results showed that nano-fertilizer synergists significantly improve the uptake and utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients. They effectively promote crop growth, increase yield and quality, and exhibit certain soil remediation capabilities. In conclusion, nano-fertilizer synergists represented a crucial technological direction for achieving fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement, as well as promoting sustainable agricultural development. They hold significant application prospects. Future research should focused on cost reduction, in-depth environmental safety assessments, and the establishment of a standardized application system to facilitate their large-scale adoption in precision agriculture.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Agricultural Land Soil Fertility in Julu County of Hebei Province ZHANG Kailong, DENG Pengzhi, WU Moguang, ZHOU Suifeng, XIN Zhaoshuang, JIA Xinjuan, ZHANG Hao, DING Xiaodong, ZHANG Huaizhi 2026, 42 (5):  142-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0737 Abstract + ( 7 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2930KB )   ( 7 ) In order to clarify the status of agricultural soil fertility in Julu County of Hebei Province and guide the sustainable development of regional agriculture, 1628 soil samples were systematically collected in this study. The key fertility indexes such as soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), and pH value were analyzed. The membership function was used to calculate the comprehensive fertility index (SCFI) of soil, and the soil quality was comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the soils in Julu County were generally weakly alkaline, with an average value of pH 8.24. Specifically, SOM content was relatively low (average: 9.97 g/kg), TN was relatively abundant (average: 1.36 g/kg), AP was insufficient (average: 11.62 mg/kg), AK was enriched (average: 203.83 mg/kg), available iron (Avail-Fe) was at an appropriate level (average: 7.88 mg/kg), available manganese (Avail-Mn) was abundant (average: 23.15 mg/kg), while available copper (Avail-Cu) (average: 16.50 mg/kg) and available zinc (Avail-Zn) (average: 50.72 mg/kg) exceeded the standard limits. Among these indicators, the coefficients of variation (CV) of TN, AP, SOM, Avail-Mn, and Avail-Cu were relatively high, being 0.36, 0.33, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.41, respectively. The SCFI of soils in various towns and townships of Julu County ranged from 0.58 to 0.62, and their spatial distribution presented a pattern of being higher in the west and lower in the east, and decreasing from the central area to the north and south. Soil fertility was mainly affected by SOM, AP, and TN. Appropriately increasing the application of organic materials and applying phosphate fertilizer in a certain proportion could effectively improve the comprehensive soil fertility of this region, thereby further promoting the sustainable development of local agriculture.

  Nutrient Analysis and Fertilization Recommendation of Facility Soil in Western Liaoning SUN Yongsheng 2026, 42 (5):  151-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0881 Abstract + ( 16 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1272KB )   ( 23 ) The purposes of the study are to find the primary causes of physiological diseases in facility vegetables, reduce the waste of chemical fertilizers and soil environmental pollution, and promote the sustainable development of the facility vegetable industry in western Liaoning. This study collected and analyzed 82 soil samples from 4 major production areas (Beipiao City, Heishan County, Yixian County, and Fuxin County) in western Liaoning. The results indicated that the soil pH in all 4 regions was neutral, with abundant total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium, and high levels of available nitrogen. However, available phosphorus levels were low in Beipiao City and Yixian County, while organic matter content was high in Heishan County and Fuxin County, and was moderate in Beipiao City and Yixian County. Calcium levels were generally low in all 4 regions, while magnesium levels were excessive, and the soils were all saline. It should appropriately increase the application of organic fertilizers such as farmyard manure, compost, and green manure to enhance soil organic matter content in Beipiao City and Yixian County. Meanwhile, it should reduce chemical fertilizer, increase microbial fertilizer application, and appropriately supplement trace elements, and reduce the concentration of salt ions in the soil in all 4 regions with measures such as crop rotation, stubble return, and other practices.

  Study on Remediation Effect of Artemisia argyi on Cadmium-Contaminated Cultivated Land GE Yi, LIU Xiaoyue, WANG Xianglin, SHI Xuefeng, QUAN Shengxiang 2026, 42 (5):  157-161.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0819 Abstract + ( 5 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1404KB )   ( 8 ) To evaluate the remediation effect of Artemisia argyi on cadmium contaminated cultivated land, and provide reference for the promotion of phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated cultivated land, Artemisia argyi planted in cadmium contaminated cultivated land in Heshan District of Yiyang was selected as the research object. Artemisia argyi and soil samples were collected for detection, and the enrichment coefficient and translocation factor of cadmium in roots, stems and leaves of Artemisia argyi were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the overall distribution characteristics of cadmium content in various organs of Artemisia argyi were stem>leaf>root; the average enrichment coefficient of root, stem and leaf of Artemisia argyi were 2.67, 5.57 and 3.95, respectively, and the average underground to aboveground translocation factor was 3.83; the cadmium content in the soil of Artemisia argyi planted for 3 consecutive years was 0.35 mg/kg lower than that of the surrounding unplanted soil, indicating that Artemisia argyi had strong enrichment and transport capacity for cadmium. Therefore, the application of Artemisia argyi in the remediation of cadmium contaminated cultivated land has great potential.

  Analysis of the Effect and Mechanism of Iron/Carbon Synergistic Catalysis in Promoting Ozone Deep Treatment of High Ammonia Nitrogen Wastewater YANG Minghui, PENG Huanlong, ZHOU Wenyan, ZHENG Yanling, ZHOU Chaoxian, LIANG Guangcheng, LIU Fan, GU Wenjie, LU Yusheng, XIE Kaizhi, SHI Chaohong, ZHANG Kun 2026, 42 (5):  162-169.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0760 Abstract + ( 8 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 8401KB )   ( 8 ) This study proposes a new model of iron/carbon synergistic catalysis to promote ozone deep treatment for high concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater (simulated livestock and poultry breeding wastewater, NH4+-N≈550 mg/L) treated by ozone oxidation. Under alkaline conditions (pH=10), a synergistic catalytic ozone treatment was carried out by mixing 10 g/L zero valent iron with 40 g/L activated carbon. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen reached 85% within 24 hours reaction time and increased to 99.8% within 84 hours reaction time. Results of mechanism analysis showed that: the activated carbon enhanced the generation of free radicals (·OH/·O2-) and promoted the conversion of Fe0 to Fe2+/Fe3+ (reducing Fe0 on the surface of the iron sheet to 0%); it strengthened the Fe2+/Fe3+ cycle (increasing the proportion of Fe3+ to 30.5% and Fe2+ to 69.5%), and increased the formation of iron oxides (increasing the oxygen content on the surface of the iron sheet to 6.26%); in the meanwhile, its microporous structure enriched pollutants and prolonged the contact time of free radicals, forming a synergistic effect of ‘adsorption catalysis’. In a word, this strategy has strong operability and high efficiency, providing a new idea for the deep treatment of livestock and poultry breeding wastewater and high ammonia nitrogen wastewater.

  Characteristics of Climate Change in Xigazê from 1992 to 2022 and Its Impact on Growth and Development of Spring Highland Barley PUBU Duoji, LUOSANG Wangmu, DANZEN Yiga, ZHOU Kanshe, SHI Jiqing, ZHANG Dongdong, DANZEN Weise 2026, 42 (5):  170-177.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0137 Abstract + ( 24 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1459KB )   ( 22 ) In order to study the impact of climate change on the growth and development of spring barley in Xigazê, meteorological data of the spring barley growth season (April September) in Xigazê from 1992 to 2022 and station observation data during the spring barley development period were used. Statistical methods, univariate linear regression, correlation analysis, and M-K test were used to analyze the interannual variation characteristics of temperature, precipitation, and sunshine hours during the growth period of spring barley in Xigazê, as well as the influence of meteorological factors on the growth and development period of spring barley. The results showed: (1) In the past 31 years, the annual temperature during the growing season of spring barley in Xigazê has been increasing year by year, with an average increase of 0.57 ℃ every 10 years, which is more significant than the local annual average temperature; the average annual precipitation during the growing season was 422.8 mm and the average annual precipitation is 430.6 mm, both showing a weak downward trend. The main precipitation is concentrated in the growing season of spring barley, accounting for more than 90% of the total annual precipitation, which is conducive to meeting the water demand of barley during the key development period; the average sunshine hours during the growing season are 1560.4 hours, showing a weak decreasing trend year by year, with an average decrease of 15.8 hours every 10 years, which did not pass the extreme significance test. (2) The average growth period of spring barley in Xigazê is 118 days, and it shows a decreasing trend year by year, with an average decrease of 3.99 days every 10 years. A shortened growth period represents an accelerated development process and has a certain impact on yield and quality; (3) the decrease in the number of days during the entire growth period of spring barley is mainly caused by four growth periods. The growth period days from emergence to three leaf stage, jointing to booting stage, booting to heading stage, and flowering to milk maturity stage show a trend of extension, with extension rates of 0.11 d/10a, 1.58 d/10a, 0.73 d/10a, 5.33 d/10a, respectively. Among them, the extension days from emergence to three leaf stage are the least significant; than, the decrease in the number of days during the entire growth period of spring barley is mainly caused by five growth periods. The number of days in the growth period from sowing to emergence, from three leaves to tillering, from tillering to jointing, from heading to flowering, and from milk maturity to maturity showed a decreasing trend, with shortening rates of 0.73 d/10a, 2.60 d/10a, 1.53 d/10a, 1.06 d/10a, 7.22 d/10a, respectively. The shortening rate was the highest from the milk-ripe stage to the maturity stage, followed by that from the three-leaf stage to the tillering stage., followed by the milk maturity stage; Shortening the length of the growth period is not conducive to yield formation, especially during the milk ripening maturity period, which can lead to insufficient grain filling and withered grains, thereby affecting yield and quality. The research results can provide decision-making basis for local government departments and scientific basis for the future sustainable development of characteristic agriculture and food security in Xizang Plateau.

  Characteristics and Prediction of Extreme Low Temperature in Apple Flowering Period in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Region ZHANG Weimin, ZHANG Xuting, LIU Jianchen, LIU Yadong, PAN Yuying 2026, 42 (5):  178-185.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0990 Abstract + ( 17 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1565KB )   ( 12 ) The characteristics of extreme low temperature changes in apple flowering period in the past and future climate scenarios in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region were studied to provide reference for the prevention of freezing injury in apple flowering period. Based on the daily and hourly temperature data of 21 representative county meteorological stations in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia from April 1981 to April 2024, and the daily minimum temperature forecast data in April under two greenhouse gas emission climate scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, the extreme low temperature variation characteristics and freezing injury frequency index in apple flowering period in the past and future climate scenarios were analyzed by linear tendency estimation method, Mann-Kendall trend test and frequency index. The results showed that: from 1981 to 2024, the extreme minimum temperature of apples in most representative counties of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia showed an upward trend, and the extreme minimum temperature of Litong in Ningxia and Xifeng in Gansu suddenly changed in the 1990s, the frequency of freezing injury in flowering period in Shaanxi was the lowest, and that in Ningxia was the highest; in the process of freezing injury in apple flowering period, the lowest temperature mainly appeared at 4:00-7:00, and the cumulative time was 1-4 hours. Under the future climate scenario model, the extreme minimum temperature in flowering was still on the rise, and the temperature rose was more obvious under RCP8.5 scenario; and the frequency of freezing injury in flowering period had decreased compared with that of the past 44 years; the frequency of freezing injury in flowering period in Gansu and Ningxia under the low-emission scenario was higher than that under the high-emission scenario. To sum up, in the future, the risk of freezing injury of apples in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia will be reduced under the high emission climate scenario model, but the comprehensive effects of low temperature intensity and duration should still be considered. The occurrence time and duration of the lowest temperature in the process of freezing injury in flowering period are conducive to choose the best time to prevent freezing injury in apple flowering period and improve the defense effect.

  Evaluation of Climatic Suitability and Zoning for Alfalfa Cultivation in Hohhot Region LIANG Yan, ZHANG Lanjing, SU Lijun, WEN Xiaodong, WANG Ni 2026, 42 (5):  186-195.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0712 Abstract + ( 12 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2056KB )   ( 8 ) To address the issues of scale mismatch, insufficient indicator integration, and methodological limitations in assessing the climatic suitability of alfalfa cultivation in Hohhot, this study aims to establish a high-resolution climatic zoning system, identify key climatic constraints, and provide a scientific basis for regional alfalfa industry planning. Based on high-resolution meteorological data (2017-2024) from 52 stations in Hohhot and field observations, 11 indicators encompassing thermal, moisture, light, and overwintering conditions were selected. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was employed to quantify factor weights, and GIS spatial analysis was applied for comprehensive climatic suitability evaluation. The results showed that: (1) growing-season thermal conditions (weight 0.3971) and meteorological disaster risks (weight 0.1706) were the dominant factors, with ≥5℃ accumulated temperature and frost-free period contributing 51.5% to suitability; (2) spatial differentiation exhibited a ‘superior in the south, limited in the north’ pattern, where the central-southern plains were identified as suitable zones (accumulated temperature >3300℃, days with ≤-30℃ <2 d), supporting 3-4 harvests annually, while the northern high-altitude areas were classified as unsuitable due to insufficient accumulated temperature (<2899℃) and extreme cold (days with ≤-30℃ ≥5 d); (3) snow cover (≥16 d) significantly mitigated over wintering damage in the north, and consecutive no precipitation days (≥6 d) during harvest periods highlighted drying advantages in the central-western regions. This study innovatively developed a city-scale climatic evaluation system covering the entire alfalfa growth cycle and proposed strategy of implementing policies by region: prioritized large-scale cultivation in suitable zones, spring frost prevention in moderately suitable zones, and cold-resistant variety trials in unsuitable zones. The findings provide a replicable technical framework for adaptive forage management in arid and semi-arid regions.

  Variation Characteristics of Precipitation Concentration in Middle Reaches of Yellow River and Related Circulation Background LIU Jing, WANG Peng, ZHANG Ronggang, JIN Lijun 2026, 42 (5):  196-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0884 Abstract + ( 13 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 3088KB )   ( 18 ) To explore the non-uniform distribution characteristics and variation patterns of annual precipitation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, based on the CN05.1 gridded daily precipitation data and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the paper studied the variation characteristics of the precipitation concentration index (PCI) in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the correlation between PCI and precipitation and the circulation background differences of the years with abnormal PCI by employing the methods such as correlation analysis and synthesis analysis. The results showed that the PCI in the middle reaches of the Yellow River increased from south to north, which was opposite to the distribution pattern of annual precipitation; the PCI of the basin was most closely related to the precipitation during midsummer (July-August); the precipitation during midsummer in the years with abnormal high PCI was generally above average, while the opposite was true for years with abnormally low PCI; the PCI of the basin was significantly positively correlated with the annual extreme precipitation days and the annual extreme precipitation amount, indicating that the more concentrated the annual precipitation was, the higher the possibility of extreme precipitation would be; there were significant differences in the circulation background during midsummer between years with abnormal high PCI and years with abnormal low PCI, the potential height anomaly field in the mid-high latitudes of Asia for the two cases showed opposite distribution patterns. The northwestern pacific subtropical high during midsummer in the years with extremely high PCI was significantly stronger and simultaneously located more western and northern compared with that in the years with extremely low PCI, which was conducive to abnormal excessive precipitation. In short, the research findings contribute to a more comprehensive scientific understanding of the precipitation distribution patterns in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, while also provide a scientific reference for water resource utilization, agricultural production, and disaster prevention and reduction in the region.

  Resistance Monitoring of Echinochloa crus-galli to Butachlor in Rice Fields in Guangdong and Screening of Alternative Herbicides GUO Wenlei, FENG Kaifan, LUO Zhenya, ZHANG Chun 2026, 42 (5):  206-211.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0045 Abstract + ( 14 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1462KB )   ( 36 ) In order to clarify the resistance of Echinochloa crus-galli to butachlor in rice fields in Guangdong and screen alternative herbicides, the susceptibilities and resistance levels to butachlor of different Echinochloa crus-galli populations were determined by whole-plant experiment, and then the susceptibilities to 7 other herbicides were also determined. The results showed that there were significant differences in the control efficacy among different populations when treated with the recommended dosage of butachlor (active ingredient 1080 g/hm2) in pre-emergence applications; the plant control efficacies were 100% for 7 populations and were 82.7%-93.3% for 10 populations; however, the control efficacies were only 75.9%, 70.0% and 40.0% for the 21-SX-3, 21-LZ-4 and 21-LZ-7 population, respectively. When butachlor was applied pre-emergence, the resistance indices of the 21-SX-3, 21-LZ-4 and 21-LZ-7 populations ranged between 2.1 to 6.3; when butachlor was applied at the early stage of the seedlings, the resistance indices ranged between 2.9 to 6.0. In the experiments of screening alternative herbicides, the dry weight inhibition rate of pretilachlor on 21-LZ-7 population was significantly lower than that on the susceptible population 21-LZ-1, while the dry weight inhibition rates of thiobencarb, pyriminobac-methyl, pyraclonil and oxaziclomefone on both 21-LZ-1 and 21-LZ-7 population were above 90%, making them suitable as alternative herbicides for controlling butachlor-resistant E. crus-galli. In conclusion, this study indicates that some E. crus-galli populations in Guangdong have developed low to moderate levels of resistance to butachlor, and herbicides such as pyraclonil are suitable for the control of butachlor-resistant E. crus-galli populations.

  Effects of Different Feed on Volatile Flavor Compounds in Muscle of Quasipaa spinosa LI Wensheng, CHEN Duhuang, LIANG Ping, XUE Lingzhan, HU Zhenxi, LAI Mingyong, LAN Zhuqing 2026, 42 (5):  212-218.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0492 Abstract + ( 17 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2446KB )   ( 9 ) In order to explore the effects of feeding biological bait (control group J-A) and artificial compound feed (experimental group J-B) on volatile flavor compounds in muscle of Quasipaa spinosa，the volatile flavor compounds in the muscle of Quasipaa spinosa reared on two feeds were detected by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy, and the fingerprints were compared and analyzed. The volatile flavor substances in the two groups of muscles were detected in 45 peaks with 30 substances, including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and other substances, and there were 15 aldehydes, 8 ketones, 3 alcohols, 1 acid, 1 furan, 1 puzzle and 1 unknown substance. The relative contents of volatile substances in J-A and J-B were as follows: aldehydes (50.45%, 43.13%), alcohols (18.72%, 5.08%), ketones (28.40%, 49.56%), acids (0.65%, 0.84%), ethers (0.14%, 0.27%), furans (1.31%, 0.29%) and unknown substances (0.30%, 0.72%). Among the main volatile flavor substances, the relative content of aldehydes and alcohols J-A was greater than that of J-B, and the relative content of ketones was less than that of J-B. Feeding artificial compound feed can significantly reduce the volatile odor substances such as hexanal, nonanal and heptanal in the muscle of Quasipaa spinosa, improve the muscle quality of Quasipaa spinose. The results of this study provide a certain reference for the evaluation of muscle quality of Quasipaa spinosa and the identification of products.