Current issue

• 2024 Vol.40 No.11 Published:15 April 2024

  Analysis of High Yield and Quality of a New Wheat Line ‘Shi 17T5252’ Under Water-saving Irrigation GAO Xinmei, SHI Zhanliang, ZHAO Yankun, LI Zhankun, SHAN Zilong, CAO Qiao, HAN Ran, HE Mingqi, FU Xiaoyi, MA Liang, GAO Zhenxian 2024, 40 (11):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0428 Abstract + ( 28 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1428KB )   ( 28 ) In order to recommend new water-saving wheat varieties to alleviate the pressure of agricultural water use in Hebei Province, we explored the water-saving and high-yield characteristics of a new water-saving wheat strain ‘Shi 17T5252’. We studied the yield, morphology, grain filling and quality of a new wheat line ‘Shi 17T5252’ and a water-saving control variety ‘Shimai 22’ during the entire growth period, with irrigation of no water (W0), jointing water (W1), jointing and grouting water (W2). The fluorescence parameters of leaves at jointing stage, heading stage and middle filling stage were also measured. The results showed that the yield of ‘Shi 17T5252’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Shimai 22’ under the condition of W1 and W2, with an increase of 10.32% and 7.56%, respectively, W1 increased grain yield by increasing 1000-grain weight, while W2 increased yield by increasing grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight. Compared with W0, W1 and W2 did not increase plant height, but significantly increased spike length of ‘Shimai 22’ and grain number per spike of ‘Shi 17T5252’ by 0.72-0.84 cm and 1.33-5.03 grains, respectively. Compared with W1, W2 significantly increased the grain length and width of ‘Shimai 22’ by 0.36 mm and 0.32 mm, respectively, and ‘Shi 17T5252’ increased the grain width by 0.31 mm. The Fv/Fm ratio at heading stage of ‘Shimai 22’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Shi 17T5252’ only under W0 treatment. The protein content, wet gluten content and gluten index of ‘Shi 17T5252’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Shimai 22’. The results indicate that ‘Shi 17T5252’ has achieved synchronous improvement in yield and quality under water-saving irrigation conditions, and is expected to become the main wheat variety for water-saving irrigation in Hebei.

  Effect of Planting Methods on Stem and Leaf Growth, Yield and Marketability of Storage Roots of Two Types of Sweetpotato TIAN Changgeng, LIU Shanggang, CHEN Lulu, SUN Zhe, QIN Huawei 2024, 40 (11):  9-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0324 Abstract + ( 20 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1262KB )   ( 15 ) The aim was to clarify the effects of planting methods on the growth and yield of sweetpotato. ‘Taizishu No.1’and ‘Taishu 15’ were used as experimental materials to study the effects of straight, oblique and flat planting methods on the growth of stem and leaf, T/R value, the root expanding velocity, yield and its constituent factors, and marketing tuber ratio of the two types of sweetpotato varieties. The results showed that the fresh yield and dry yield of the storage root of the two varieties were shown as flag planting > oblique planting > straight planting. There was no significant difference in T/R value between the two varieties under oblique planting and flat planting, but it was significantly lower than that of straight planting. Among the different planting methods, the storage root expansion rate of sweetpotato of the two varieties was shown as flat planting > oblique planting > straight planting. The marketing tuber ratio of the two sweetpotato varieties under flat and oblique planting was higher than that of straight planting, and the root number per plant and the evenness of the sweetpotato roots under flat planting were better than those under oblique planting. In conclusion, flat planting and oblique planting were better than straight planting, which could improve the yield and marketability of fresh-edible sweetpotato. Flat planting was more suitable for fresh-edible sweetpotato, and the suitable planting method for starch sweet potato can be selected according to the planting conditions.

  Exopolysaccharides from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HDL-03: Synthesis Conditions Optimization ZHOU Bosen, CAO Huiying, QI Xintong, YU Liansheng, YANG Yi, GE Jingping, SONG Gang, DU Renpeng 2024, 40 (11):  14-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0325 Abstract + ( 20 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1863KB )   ( 12 ) In order to improve the yield of exopolysaccharide (EPS) of lactic acid bacteria and promote its development and application, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HDL-03 was used as the test strain and the fermentation conditions of the EPS were optimized by single factor experiment to improve production. The results indicated that the optimal fermentation conditions of L. plantarum HDL-03 were sucrose 70 g/L, peptone 6 g/L, beef paste 8 g/L, yeast extract 7 g/L, sodium acetate 1 g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.3 g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 1 g/L, ammonium citrate 3 g/L and initial pH 6.5. Culture temperature was 30℃, shaking table rotation speed was 120 r/min and inoculum size was 3%. The final EPS yield of L. plantarum HDL-03 after optimization was 80.0 g/L, which was 2.3 times higher than the EPS yield before optimization. In this study, the yield of EPS produced by lactic acid bacteria was increased, which contributed to its separation, purification and industrial production.

  Antifungal Characters of Pseudomonas fluorescens RN-88 ZHU Lixia, ZHOU Rongrong, ZHANG Sainan, MAO Honggang, XIA Xilong, LI Chunyu, YIN Dongmin, REN Jianjun 2024, 40 (11):  22-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0310 Abstract + ( 18 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1569KB )   ( 5 ) This study aims to use antagonistic bacteria to control plant diseases, and provide more feasible biological control methods for the diseases control of peach. A strain Pseudomonas fluorescens RN-88 obtained previously in the authors lab was used to determine the inhibitory activity of the fermentation broth against Monilinia fructicol, which was determined by the cup and saucer method. The stability of the broth under different environments such as pH, temperature, and ultraviolet (UV) light was evaluated by the inhibition circle method. The results showed that the antagonistic bacterium RN-88 reduced the incidence of brown rot in peaches, and its fermentation broth inhibited M. fructicol up to 44.69%, and the loss of fungal inhibitory ability of the fermentation broth was effectively reduced by filtration compared to autoclaving. The inhibition activity of the fermentation broth was stable in alkaline solutions at pH 7.5 - 9.0, and was reduced in acidic solutions (3.0 ≤ pH ≤ 6.5). There was no effect on the inhibition rate of the fermentation broth by temperature and ultraviolet (UV) light. All above, fermentation broth of Pseudomonas fluorescens RN-88 has good environmental stability which has the potential to be developed to a novel fungicide. This study also provides a theoretical basis for the application of Pseudomonas fluorescens.

  Technology of Improved CTAB Method for Extracting Total RNA from Different Crops LIU Guomei, GUO Shuhui, SUN Xuan, YAO Lin, ZHANG Gaoyang, DU Chunfang 2024, 40 (11):  28-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0668 Abstract + ( 15 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1784KB )   ( 3 ) In order to improve the operation efficiency, a simple and effective method for crop total RNA extraction was developed. Total RNA was extracted from different tissues of rape, cotton, peanut, wheat, potato, corn, soybean, zucchini and other crops by CTAB method, improved CTAB method and TanSzol Reagent kit method. The detection results showed that the quality of total RNA extracted by improved CTAB method was higher. High total RNA yields were obtained in rape petals, wheat, peanut and zucchini leaves, which were 24.5, 23.7, 26.4 and 17.35 μg/mL, respectively; and the OD260/280 and OD260/230 values were 1.90, 1.73, 1.72, 1.80 and 2.10, 1.50, 2.01, 1.70, respectively. By comprehensive comparison of the above three methods, the improved CTAB method is suitable for total RNA extraction of rape, wheat, peanut, zucchini and other crops, which lays a foundation for subsequent molecular biological detection.

  Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Nitrogen in Surface Water of Paddy Field by Equal Nitrogen Organic Substitution FU Bin, HU Wanli, NI Ming, LI Zhiwu, WANG Chi, CHEN Anqiang, YAN Hui, ZHAO Xinmei, CHEN Xingwei, YANG Shuming 2024, 40 (11):  36-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0391 Abstract + ( 21 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1230KB )   ( 9 ) To prevent and control the loss of nitrogen runoff in paddy fields in plateau lake basins and protect the ecological environment of receiving water bodies, under the paddy-upland rotation planting pattern in Erhai Lake Basin, four equal nitrogen organic substitution treatments were set up, including no fertilization (CK), single application of chemical fertilizer (NPK), combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers (NPKS), and total replacement of organic fertilizer (SS). The dynamic changes of nitrogen concentration in surface water of paddy field were studied, and the effect of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer on nitrogen loss in surface water was discussed. The results showed that the concentrations of NH4+-N, NO3--N, Org-N and TN in surface water increased rapidly after the application of base fertilizer, and reached the peak within 3-7 days. 7 days after fertilization was the key risk period to prevent the loss of nitrogen in surface water. The proportion of NH4+-N/TN concentration in surface water was 39.01%-54.01%, the proportion of NO3--N/TN concentration was 11.33%-21.62%, and the proportion of Org-N/TN concentration was 33.85%-41.94%. The application of chemical fertilizer nitrogen increased the proportion of NH4+-N/TN concentration in surface water, and the application of organic fertilizer increased the proportion of NO3--N/TN and Org-N/TN concentration in surface water. The response of organic substitution of equal nitrogen amount to nitrogen concentration in surface water decreased with the increase of fertilization days. The concentration changes of NH4+-N, NO3--N, Org-N and TN in surface water decreased in a quadratic polynomial, and the nitrogen concentration in surface water tended to be stable at a low level after 35-40 days of nitrogen application. Among the three organic substitution planting methods, NPKS treatment could reduce the nitrogen concentration in surface water and reduce the risk of nitrogen loss in paddy fields.

  Study on Effect of Selenium Fertilizer Spraying on Absorption of Selenium and Cadmium in Chinese Cabbage at Different Growth Stages WANG Li, JIANG Ya, LIU Guihua, CHAI Guanqun, FAN Chengwu 2024, 40 (11):  44-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0397 Abstract + ( 17 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1321KB )   ( 3 ) To explore the effect of selenium fertilizer spraying on the absorption of selenium and cadmium in Chinese cabbage at different growth stages, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of selenium fertilizer spraying at various growth stages on the increase of selenium uptake from Cd-contaminated soil and the utilization index of exogenous Se in Chinese cabbage. The results showed that cabbage sprayed with selenium fertilizer at the seedling stage + rosette stage + head stage (YM+LZ+JQ) had significantly higher shoot biomass compared to other spraying stages. Continuous spraying of selenium fertilizer during the seedling stage + rosette stage + heading stage (YM+LZ+JQ) had a pronounced effect on reducing Cd content in the underground part of cabbage. Additionally, the Se content in both shoot and underground part of cabbage was significantly higher during this spraying period. The utilization index of exogenous Se in cabbage sprayed continuously with selenium fertilizer during the seedling stage+ rosette stage + head stage (YM+LZ+JQ) was 2.63, significantly higher than that of other spraying periods. In conclusion, spraying selenium fertilizer during the cabbage seedling stage + rosette stage + head stage (YM+LZ+JQ) had a better effect on reducing Cd content and increasing Se content.

  Effects of C/N Ratio of Exogenous Organic Fertilizer on Red Soil Microenvironment and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco ZHANG Xiaowei, YANG Zongyun, NI Ming, ZHAO Xinmei, WANG Chi, YANG Shuming, XU Xingyang 2024, 40 (11):  49-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0424 Abstract + ( 23 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1299KB )   ( 5 ) C/N ratio is one of the important fertility indexes to reflect organic fertilizer efficiency. The study explored the effects of C/N ratio on rhizosphere soil microenvironment, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, and provided a scientific basis for soil fertilization and its sustainable management. Using flue-cured tobacco variety ‘Yunyan 87’ as material, a two-year (2021 to 2022) field experiment was conducted on the acidic upland red soil in Xundian County, Yunnan Province, and the effects of applying different C/N ratios (10:1, 15:1, 20:1 and 25:1) of organic manure on fertility, water-stable aggregate, microbial structure, yield and quality were studied under equal NPK conditions. The results showed that compared with treatment T1 (CK), treatments of T2, T3 and T5 significantly improved soil pH by 0.09-0.13 units. The treatments of T2, T3, T4 and T5 significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter, available N, P and organic carbon by 9.91%-17.40%, 9.11%-16.45%, 7.16%-43.68% and 11.61%-39.54%, respectively. Meanwhile, T2 and T3 significantly increased available K by 8.12% and 14.63%. T2, T3, T4 and T5 significantly enhanced the contents of SOC, C/N by 11.61%-39.54% and 4.48%-29.72%, respectively over the treatments of applying chemical fertilizer. Compared with CK, the contents of large-size aggregates (>5, 2-5 and 1-2 mm ) in T2, T3, T4 and T5 were significantly increased by 20.75%-75.91%, 10.06%-54.50% and 16.98%-66.13%, and the contents of micro-aggregates (0.053-0.25 and <0.053 mm) were decreased by 10.61%-54.52%. Accordingly, treatments of T2, T3, T4 and T5 significantly increased soil fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes, microbial biomass C, N community to some extent, compared with that of CK. T2 and T3 could promote the growth of tobacco plants, and their leaf area increased significantly by 7.36% and 14.92% compared with CK. Moreover, the yield and output value of T2 and T3 were significant increased by 11.99%, 16.93% and 5.92%, 15.46%, respectively. T3 could significantly increase total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium, and reduce the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine, and chemical composition of tobacco leaves was more harmonious. Application of organic fertilizer with C/N ratio (10:1, 15:1) was not only favorable to improve soil pH, fertility, aggregate structure and stability in upland red soil, but also increase soil microbial quantity and community structure abundance, promoting tobacco growth, output value and quality of tobacco leaves.

  Effect Analysis of Artemisia argyi on Natural Remediation of Arsenic and Other Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil QIN Yongrong, LUO Meidong, LIU Xuhui, HUANG Xiulian, ZHANG Zhikun 2024, 40 (11):  55-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0151 Abstract + ( 19 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1602KB )   ( 4 ) To illustrate the role of Artemisia argyi in remediation of arsenic and other heavy metal contaminated soil, A. argyi collected from the vicinity of abandoned arsenic smelters in a non-ferrous metal mining area of Guangxi Province was used as the research object, the dominant populations of A. argyi and their root soil samples were collected from different sampling sites, and some physical and chemical indexes of the root soil and the heavy metal contents in the roots, stems and leaves of A. argyi were determined. The heavy metal accumulation and transport coefficients in different parts of A. argyi were compared and analyzed, and the correlation between the heavy metal content in root soil and different parts of A. argyi was analyzed, the pollution status of A. argyi root soil was evaluated by single factor pollution index, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index and geo-accumulation index, respectively. The results showed that: (1) the heavy metal pollution in the soil of the sampling sites was extremely serious. Compared with the background value of the soil in the county, the maximum exceeding multiples of heavy metal elements measured in the root soil of A. argyi were As 1582.6, Mn 11.4, Zn 44.3, Cu 32.6, Pb 12.2 and Cd 285.7, and the average exceeding multiples were As 545.37, Mn 2.60, Zn 7.56, Cu 4.77, Pb 5.50 and Cd 80.83, respectively. Among them, arsenic and cadmium pollution was the most severe, zinc pollution was more severe, lead pollution was the third, copper pollution was relatively light, and manganese pollution was the least. (2) The single pollution index and geo-accumulation index calculation results of the root soil of A. argyi were basically consistent. The Nemero comprehensive pollution index of the root soil of A. argyi at each sampling point was above severe, and the order of pollution degree of different heavy metal elements was: As>Cd>Zn>Pb>Cu. (3) A. argyi could tolerate the combined stress of multiple heavy metals in the soil, but it was not a hyperaccumulator for the measured heavy metal elements. (4) A. argyi had a relatively strong ability to enrich and transfer Mn, Zn, and Cu, and could transport them to the aboveground parts. However, the enrichment and transport ability of Pb, As, and Cd were weak, and they could be mainly accumulated in the roots. Due to its large biomass and low habitat requirements, A. argyi could be used for both stabilization and plant extraction of some heavy metals in the soil. Therefore, it could be used for phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.

  Effects of Adding Green Manure on N2O and CH4 Emissions from Farmland in China LI Yapeng, ZHANG Chenyang, SUN Nan, LI Ran, LI Jianhua, XU Minggang 2024, 40 (11):  68-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0425 Abstract + ( 16 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 2541KB )   ( 6 ) The study aims to investigate the effects of green manure addition on greenhouse gas (N2O and CH4) emissions in farmland soil in China, and to provide theoretical basis for scientific application of green manure, greenhouse gas emission reduction and crop yield increase. The data were analyzed by meta-analysis, and the data were collected from Chinese and English databases such as “China Knowledge Network”, “Google Scholar” and “Web of Science”. We searched the Chinese and English databases with the keywords of “green manure”, “farmland” and “greenhouse gas”, and 137 sets of effective data of the effects of green manure addition on greenhouse gas emissions of farmland soil were collected at home and abroad. The impact and its main influencing factors of green manure addition on greenhouse gas emissions of farmland soil in China were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the addition of green manure significantly promoted the emission of N2O, CH4 and the increase of GWP and GHGI by 16.1%, 45.8% and 25.7%, 12.9%, respectively, compared with no application of green manure. The application of leguminous and non-leguminous green manures significantly increased N2O and CH4 emissions and GWP, and the application of non-leguminous green manures had no significant effect on GHGI, while leguminous green manures significantly increased soil N2O emissions, GWP and GHGI compared with non-leguminous green manures. The N2O and CH4 emissions and GWP were significantly increased by different green manure application measures, among which the increase of N2O, CH4 and GWP under green manure combined with chemical fertilizer was significantly higher than that under other two measures, but green manure combined with chemical fertilizer significantly reduced GHGI (-5.5%). Compared to no green manure addition, green manure returning <5000 kg/hm2 had no significant effect on GHGI, and significantly enhanced N2O and CH4 emissions. The addition of green manure had no significant effect on GWP when the mean annual rainfall was <600 mm, and had no significant effect on GHGI when the mean annual rainfall was <1200 mm. As the mean annual temperature increased, the enhancement of GWP also increased; when the mean annual temperature <16℃, the addition of green manure had a significant reduction of GHGI, with a greater reduction when <12℃; N2O and CH4 emissions were significantly correlated with the effective nitrogen content of the soil. The addition of green manure significantly increased N2O emission and GWP under different land use types, and the increase under dry soil conditions was smaller than that in paddy soil, but significantly reduced GHGI under dry soils. In conclusion, the addition of non-leguminous green manure combined with fertilizer (< 5000 kg/hm2), especially in the dry land soil area with warm and humid climate (annual rainfall <1200 mm, average annual temperature <16℃), could have a good emission reduction effect. It could be concluded that the addition of non-leguminous green manure with chemical fertilizers (<5000 kg/hm2) returned to the field can have a very good effect on yield increase and emission reduction, especially in dryland soil areas with a warm and humid climate (annual rainfall <1200 mm and mean annual temperature <16℃).

  Assessment of Impact of Spring Climate Change on Winter Wheat Yield in Longdong Loess Plateau Area ZHANG Hongni, LI Xiangke, ZHANG Hongfen, ZHANG Tianfeng, ZHOU Zhongwen, CHE Ke 2024, 40 (11):  78-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0413 Abstract + ( 17 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1283KB )   ( 10 ) To study the impact of spring climate change on winter wheat yield in the representative area of Longdong loess plateau, the Xifeng district of Qingyang city, utilizing the data on the average temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours in spring and winter wheat yield from 1985 to 2020, the characteristics of spring climate change and its impact on winter wheat yield formation were analyzed. The results showed that the spring average temperature anomaly increased significantly with the years, with a rising rate of 1.04℃ per decade, which was much higher than the global and national average levels. The precipitation anomaly percentage showed a fluctuating decreasing trend, with a decreasing rate of 2.72 mm per decade. The sunshine hours anomaly percentage showed an increasing trend, with an increasing rate of 2.45 h per decade. The winter wheat yield showed an increasing trend, with an increasing rate of 470.14 kg/hm2 per decade. The match between the climate resources in the critical growth period of winter wheat and its yield formation was reflected by the abundance or scarcity of the climate yield. Over the 36 years, the abundance of production years with good matching accounted for 58%, and the scarcity of production years accounted for 42%. The years with meteorological conditions favorable for winter wheat yield formation accounted for 53%, and unfavorable years accounted for 47%. The research results can guide crop layout and agricultural production in the region according to climate change, seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and play positive role in promoting the quality and production of winter wheat.

  Temporal and Spatial Variation of Climatic Production Potential of One Season Rice in Hubei Province in Recent 59 Years GONG Linxin, YANG Xiaoya, LIU Chunwei, HE Liang 2024, 40 (11):  84-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0417 Abstract + ( 19 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 2595KB )   ( 5 ) In order to study the effects of climate resource changes on climatic production potential of one season rice in Hubei Province, daily surface meteorological data and one season rice growth period data from 28 meteorological stations in Hubei Province during 1961-2019 were used to analyze the spatio-temporal variation of total solar radiation, effective accumulated temperature ≥10 °C and precipitation during the growth period of one season rice. In addition, the stepwise correction method was used to calculate the photosynthesis, light-temperature and climatic production potential of one season rice, and to analyze the spatio-temporal variation rules. The effects of radiation, temperature and precipitation on crop production potential were quantitatively described. The results showed that the solar radiation decreased significantly and the effective accumulated temperature ≥10 ℃ increased significantly during the growth period of one season rice in recent 59 years. The distribution of solar radiation and effective accumulated temperature in Hubei Province was high in the north and low in the south. The interannual variation of precipitation showed an insignificant upward trend, and only southwest of the province was the area with high precipitation value. The mean photosynthesis, light-temperature and climatic potential of rice in one season were 20134.63 kg/hm2, 19434.79 kg/hm2 and 13523.16 kg/hm2, respectively. The photosynthesis and light-temperature production potential showed a significant downward trend in most regions, while the climatic potential production showed an insignificant downward trend. The average climatic tendency rates of the three regions were -39.26 kg/(hm2·a), -35.68 kg/(hm2·a) and -15.76 kg/(hm2∙a), respectively. The decrease of radiation resources led to the decrease of climatic production potential of one season rice in the range of -32.87~-104.51 kg/(hm2·a). A few stations were negatively affected by the change of heat and precipitation resources, most of the stations were positively affected to varying degrees, and the comprehensive climate resources effect was negative. The decrease of climatic production potential of rice in Hubei Province was mainly caused by the decrease of radiation.

  Correlation Analysis of Early Flowering Period and Meteorological Factors of Daylily and Forecast Model in Yanchi County LIU Juanxia, REN Yingping, WU Haiying 2024, 40 (11):  92-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0561 Abstract + ( 24 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1294KB )   ( 4 ) Based on the observation data of the growth period of daylily in Yanchi County from 2012 to 2021, and the ground meteorological observation data of the national basic meteorological station in Yanchi County during the same period, the correlation between the beginning of flowering period of daylily and meteorological factors was analyzed. The results showed that there was a high correlation between the beginning of flowering of daylily and the sunshine duration from early April to mid-June and the accumulated temperature of 11℃. By using stepwise regression analysis, a multiple regression prediction model was established for the flowering period of daylily from 2012 to 2021, with a high degree of fitting. The beginning flowering time of daylily in 2022-2023 was predicted, and the actual value was different only by 1-2 days. The results show that the forecast model can accurately predict the beginning of flowering time of daylily, meets the business service requirements of characteristic industries, plays a positive role in promoting county-level tourism and local economic development.

  Study on Forecasting Model of Pear Tree Initial Flowering Date in Guide Area ZHONG Cun, LEI Yuhong, WEI Peng 2024, 40 (11):  97-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0427 Abstract + ( 18 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1284KB )   ( 7 ) The data of flowering onset and corresponding meteorological factors from 2007 to 2020 of soft pear cultivars with a long history in Guide County were used, the correlation between the initial flowering period and the ten-day average temperature, the ten-day average maximum temperature, the ten-day average minimum temperature, the ten-day precipitation and the ten-day sunshine hours was analyzed, the forecasting model of the beginning flowering period of pear tree in every ten days from late February to early April was established by using stepwise regression method. The correlation of temperature, precipitation and sunshine duration per ten days between the first ten days of September and the middle ten days of April was calculated, the opening time of pear blossom is affected by the meteorological factors in different periods of the overwintering period, and the meteorological factors in the later period have a great influence, while the meteorological factors in the earlier period have a relatively small influence. The model test results showed that there were 10 years that the difference between the predicted value and the measured value was within 3 days, and the prediction accuracy was 86%. The prediction accuracy is high, the fitting degree is good, and the model can be applied. This model can better serve the development of ecological and cultural tourism in the Yellow River.

  Changes of Temperature Suitability of Kiwifruit in Shaanxi Province Under Background of Climate Warming LIU Jianchen, QU Zhenjiang, HUANG Junfang, ZHANG Yong, LIU Lu, LIANG Yi 2024, 40 (11):  103-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0572 Abstract + ( 21 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1523KB )   ( 6 ) The aims are to analyze the changes in temperature suitability of Shaanxi kiwifruit under the background of climate warming, provide scientific basis and reference for Shaanxi kiwifruit industry to adapt to climate change, and enhance the sustainable development ability of Shaanxi kiwifruit industry. Based on the temperature suitability function for the entire growth period of kiwifruit in Shaanxi, this study analyzed and evaluated the temperature suitability of kiwifruit in representative counties of Huaxian, Meixian, and Chenggu from 1961 to 2010, and estimated the temperature suitability of kiwifruit in Shaanxi from 2016 to 2060 using climate change prediction data under RCPs emission scenarios. The research results showed that the temperature suitability of Shaanxi kiwifruit showed a slow fluctuation trend of 2-3 years from 1961 to 2010, and the temperature suitability of kiwifruit showed an increasing trend after 1992; in the future, under medium and high emission scenarios, the temperature suitability of Shaanxi kiwifruit will show a slow fluctuating upward trend, and the trend intensity of kiwifruit temperature suitability under high emission scenarios will be stronger than that under medium emission scenarios; under the medium and high emission scenarios, the degree distribution of temperature suitability of kiwifruit in Shaanxi will move northward to different degrees compared with 1961 to 2010. Except that the temperature suitability of kiwifruit in the eastern part of Weibei has increased significantly, the temperature suitability of kiwifruit in Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi has decreased, and the original scope of suitable areas has shrunk significantly, especially under the high emission scenario. In the future, development of Shaanxi kiwifruit industry can consider the moderate northward movement of planting and the threat of future temperature increase to the kiwifruit industry. In particular, there is a risk that the temperature suitability of kiwifruit in Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi kiwifruit producing areas will decline, and the threat of high temperature heat damage to kiwifruit may gradually increase. The research results can provide a certain reference for the adjustment of the layout of the Shaanxi kiwifruit industry in the future.

  Assessment Regionalization of Precipitation and Drought Risk in Baoshan Tobacco Planting Area ZHONG Yanhua, JING Yuanshu, WEI Yuan, LI Weitao, JI Mengyu 2024, 40 (11):  112-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0379 Abstract + ( 18 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2462KB )   ( 4 ) Based on the daily precipitation and temperature data of 11 flue-cured tobacco meteorological stations in Baoshan County from 2015 to 2020, the rainfall risk index and its temporal and spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed during the growth and development of Baoshan flue-cured tobacco in Yunnan Province, and the drought risk assessment model was constructed to provide a basis for the formulation of safe production and risk prevention strategies for Baoshan flue-cured tobacco. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of precipitation and drought risk in Baoshan tobacco planting area were analyzed by using geographic information system software ArcGis and relevant mathematical statistics methods such as climate tendency rate and trend coefficient. Using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and drought risk assessment model, drought hazard assessment regionalization in Baoshan tobacco planting area was realized with the help of GIS platform. The results showed that the annual precipitation of Longling and Tengchong ranged from 1060 to 1865.6mm and 804 to 1348.5mm respectively, both of which were more than two times of the normal water requirement of flue-cured tobacco. The Houqiao area in Tengchong had the highest climatic tendency rate, which passed 0.01 significance test and showed a significant increasing trend year by year. The drought risk of flue-cured tobacco in vigorous growth period mainly occurred in central and eastern Baoshan. The drought risk near old city of Shidian and Longyang District was the highest, reaching above the severe risk. The drought risk in the central and eastern parts of Baoshan was below the medium risk, which was conducive to flue-cured tobacco planting. This paper studied and clarified the important influence of moisture and climate conditions on flue-cured tobacco planting in Baoshan tobacco planting area, which was conducive to the quality production of flue-cured tobacco in Baoshan and the formulation of local government's meteorological disaster prevention and reduction strategy.

  Effects of Pesticide Synergists on Physical Properties of 5 Insecticides SUN Yan, ZHAO Hongying, SHI Chunling, LI Yuquan, LIANG Xinyu, HUANG Ying, Han Shuang 2024, 40 (11):  121-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0791 Abstract + ( 29 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1317KB )   ( 16 ) This study aims to clarify the effect of pesticide synergists (main ingredients are compound modified vegetable oil, complex sugar alcohols, non-ionic surfactant) on the physical properties of beta-cypermethrin, emamectin benzoate, nicotine·matrine, imidacloprid and chlorobenzuron, in order to explore their synergistic mechanism. The effects of pesticide synergists on the surface tension, contact angle, expanded diameter and maximum retention of the above 5 insecticides were determined. The results showed that the combination of pesticide synergists and 5 insecticides showed different improvements in physical properties. The results showed that pesticide synergists had a basic condition for enhancing the physical properties of the 5 insecticides, and the synergistic effect of their insecticidal effect needed to be verified by further bioassay.

  Effects of Grain Storage Environment on Stored Grain Pests: Research Progress SONG Qun, WEI Liuli, WANG Zenghao, CHEN Haipeng, SUN Yanchun 2024, 40 (11):  127-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0813 Abstract + ( 16 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1064KB )   ( 2 ) The storage environment of grain affects the growth, development, reproduction, survival rate and population dynamics of stored grain pests, and the main influencing factors are temperature, humidity, food, gas and so on. In order to clarify the effects of different environmental factors on the development of grain storage pests, the status quo, and latest progress of research about the effects of different storage environments on grain storage pests in recent years were reviewed. The environmental requirements of grain storage pests vary from species to species, and their growth, development, reproductive potential, vitality and seasonal behavioral activities will change along with the environment change. In recent years, the studies on using environmental factors to control the damage of grain storage pests have been carried out extensively, and most of them focus on the control of grain storage pests through temperature, humidity and gas regulation, to achieve the purpose of green grain storage. Based on the analysis and summary, the development prospect of using environmental factors to control pests in stored grain is prospected, which provides a theoretical basis for the selection and implementation of pest control methods in the future, and provides a reference for the further development of technical equipment.

  Comparison of Combined Transformation Ability of Pleurotus pulmonarius and Protaetia brevitarsis Larvae to 11 Kinds of Forest Fruit Branch Waste ZHAO Wei, ZHAO Chuanyue, KONG Hao, XIE Xingtong, WANG Li 2024, 40 (11):  134-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0412 Abstract + ( 13 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1365KB )   ( 3 ) In order to explore the combined transformation ability of saprophytic edible fungus-Pleurotus pulmonarius and saprophytic insect- Protaetia brevitarsis larvae (PBL) to 11 kinds of forest and fruit tree branch waste, P. pulmonarius PL2 strain was used to biotransform different forest and fruit tree branches, and the mycelial growth rate, fruiting body yield, fruiting body polysaccharide content and antioxidant activity of fruiting body extract were determined. After that, the spent substrate of P. pulmonarius based on 11 kinds of wood branches was biotransformed by PBL, and the Hassan method was used to comprehensively evaluate the combined transformation effect of P. pulmonarius and PBL on 11 kinds of wood branches. The results showed that there were significant differences in the mycelial growth rate, fruiting body yield, fruiting body polysaccharide content and fruiting body antioxidant activity of P. pulmonarius strains among different types of branches. The mycelial growth rate was the fastest in beech wood (10.05 mm/d), the biological efficiency was the highest in honeysuckle branches (68.95%), the polysaccharide content was the highest in peach wood (9.52%), and the comprehensive antioxidant activity was the strongest in poplar wood (OD 0.6409). Further studies showed that there were significant differences in the combined transformation effect of P. pulmonarius and PBL on 11 kinds of branches. Among them, the combined transformation effect on honeysuckle branches was the best. 1 kg honeysuckle branches could produce 846.19 g of P. pulmonarius fruiting bodies. The weight gain of PBL was 45.97 g, and the amount of larvae frass production was 499.54 g. The results of this study showed that the combined conversion effect of P. pulmonarius and PBL on forest fruit tree branch waste was significant and had certain application value, which could provide theoretical basis for the ecological high-value utilization of forest fruit tree branch waste resources.

  Optimization of HPLC Conditions for Analysis of Hirudin HUANG Wei, DENG Bin, WANG Yixian, CHEN Kang, RAO Rongtong, YANG Xiujuan 2024, 40 (11):  142-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0423 Abstract + ( 18 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1651KB )   ( 4 ) In order to study the optimal chromatographic conditions for the HPLC analysis of hirudin, we compared the elution conditions, detection wavelengths and separation effects of the HPLC methods for recombinant hirudin, fitted the linear equations of hirudin concentration and peak area, and optimized the hirudin chromatographic analysis conditions. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the analysis on the ODSC18 column were as follows: gradient elution, mobile phases A and B elution program: 0~60 min, B: 0%~100%, injection volume of 20 μL, column temperature of 35℃, flow rate of 1 mL/min, and wavelength of 205 nm. And the optimal conditions for the analysis on the TSKgelG2000SW column were as follows: mobile phase’s phosphate buffer (0.02 mol/L, pH 7.0), flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, and wavelength of 205 nm, injection volume of 20 μL. The study showed that the concentration of hirudin had a good linear correlation with the peak area, and the analytical effect of the TSKgelG2000SW column was better than that of the ODSC18 column, which could be used for the analysis of the active peptides in animals.

  Status and Trend of Domestic Livestock and Poultry Breeding Information Technology in Recent 40 Years in China: Based on Knowledge Mapping Analysis of CiteSpace LI Quansheng, CAO Shanshan, ZHANG Zhiyong, SUN Wei 2024, 40 (11):  148-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0383 Abstract + ( 20 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2811KB )   ( 4 ) In the recent 40 years, China has achieved many phased achievements in the research of livestock and poultry breeding information technology. Quantitative analysis of the research lineage, current situation, hot spots and trends in this field can provide useful reference for the development direction, discipline layout and future planning of livestock and poultry breeding information technology. The scientific research literature in the field of information technology of livestock and poultry breeding collected by China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from January 1980 to February 2022 was used as the data source, we constructed a multi-conditional combination of professional search formulas to obtain 1908 valid documents and establish a literature database, and then used bibliometrics and CiteSpace 5.8.R3 to conduct quantitative analysis. The analysis of literature distribution time and evolutionary trend shows that the research on livestock and poultry farming informatization in China has roughly gone through three development stages of 1980-2004, 2005-2013 and 2014 to now. The institution with the most publications in this field is the School of Information and Electrical Engineering of China Agricultural University, and most of the institutions and researchers still have much room for communication and cooperation. The hotspot analysis shows that the three keywords that appeared most frequently are IOT, animal husbandry, and informatization, and the keyword clustering reveals that the research on livestock and poultry breeding informatization mainly focuses on 16 topics and 6 general directions, such as information technology, feeding standards, and animal husbandry production. The cooperation between authors and units should also be strengthened in future research.

  A Preliminary Report on Hybridization and Growth Comparison Experiments of Schizothorax chongi(♀) and Percocypris pingi pingi(Tchang)(♂) ZUO Pengxiang, JIN Fangpeng, WANG Zhifei, WU Junjie, ZHAO Jingxia, ZHAO Ligang, WANG Wenyu, BI Xiaomin, SHEN Zhimin, LI Bo, LENG Yun 2024, 40 (11):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0753 Abstract + ( 22 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1337KB )   ( 3 ) To investigate the feasibility of the crossbreeding between Schizothorax chongi and Percocypris pingi pingi(Tchang), evaluate the growth advantage between hybrids and original progenies, and provided theoretical reference for crossbreeding between Schizothorax chongi and Percocypris pingi pingi(Tchang), laying a foundation for the development and utilization of Schizothorax chongi and Percocypris pingi pingi(Tchang), a crossbreeding experiment was conducted. Artificial breeding including spawning, fertilization and fry rearing were carried out by using Schizothorax chongi as maternity and Percocypris pingi pingi(Tchang)as paternity. We also measured morphological data of hybrids and Schizothorax chongicry. Finally, a total of 14300 hybrids were obtained with fertility and hatching rate was 82.8% and 73.4%, respectively. Morphological analysis showed that the significant growth advantage for hybrids was exhibited from one year old. In this study, we verified the possibility of the crossbreeding between chizothorax chongi(♀) and Percocypris pingi pingi(Tchang)(♂).