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• 2025 Vol.41 No.20 Published:15 July 2025

  Combining Ability Analysis of Grain Weight per Plant and Nitrogen Fertilizer Agronomic Efficiency of Maize Inbred Line Under Low Nitrogen Stress XIANG Zhenfan, HUO Chuan, FENG Yunchao, YANG Lian, HUANG Meixia, YAN Qingjiu, HUO Shiping 2025, 41 (20):  1-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0025 Abstract + ( 53 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1288KB )   ( 28 ) To screen maize inbred lines with high combining ability for single plant grain weight and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency, using 15 inbred lines as materials, 56 hybrid combinations were constructed according to the NCⅡ mating design. Under low nitrogen stress, the general combining ability of inbred lines for single plant grain weight and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency were estimated, as well as the specific combining ability of hybrid combinations. The results indicated that the inbred lines with positive general combining ability effects for single plant grain weight were WZ14212, WZ1718-2, 1734A10, Z7A-21, 1734B325, 1735A2 and WZ853, with effect values of 3.97, 2.86, 2.55, 2.13, 1.14, 0.75 and 0.74, respectively. There were 8 hybrid combinations with the special combining ability effect values greater than 7, ranging from 7.46 to 10.64. The inbred lines showed positive general combining ability for nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency were WZ14212, 1734A10, WZ853, 195-73, WZ1718-2 and 1735A2, with effect values of 9.96, 5.06, 4.63, 2.45, 1.78 and 1.55, respectively. There were 11 hybrid combinations with the special combining ability effect values greater than 10, ranging from 10.95 to 24.86. Correlation analysis showed that under low nitrogen stress, there was a significant positive correlation between the single plant grain weight of hybrid combinations and the general combining ability of the single plant grain weight with male parent inbred line, r were 0.2921*; there were highly significant and significant positive correlations between nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency of hybrid combinations and the general combining ability of nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency with its diploid inbred lines, r were 0.3848** and 0.3289*, respectively; and there were highly significant positive correlations between both the single plant grain weight and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in hybrid combinations with their total combining ability effects, r were 0.9669** and 0.9455**, respectively. The results suggested that WZ14212, WZ1718-2, Z7A-21, 1734A10, 1734B325, 1735A2 and WZ853 could be inbred lines developing hybrid combinations with high single plant grain weight and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency in maize breeding programs.

  Early Maturing Cotton Varieties in Regional Trial of Jiangsu Province: Comprehensive Analysis of Lint Yield Traits and Testing Sites Discrimination ZHAO Mingming, DU Furong, HU Xinyan, LI Ke, CHEN Xiaoguang 2025, 41 (20):  10-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0590 Abstract + ( 37 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1878KB )   ( 15 ) In order to scientifically evaluate the yield, stability and adaptability of new early-maturing cotton varieties, as well as the discrimination and representativeness of the testing sites in Jiangsu Province, GGE biplot was used to analyze the lint yield data of the early-maturing group of varieties participating in the regional cotton trials in Jiangsu Province from 2018 to 2019. The results showed that the lint yield of the tested varieties was affected by genotype, environmental effect and genotype-environment interaction effect, among which environmental effect had the highest contribution rate (86.26 % in 2018 and 89.28 % in 2019). 'Zhongmian 425' showed the best yield in the two-year experiment, and had good stability and wide adaptability. In 2018, 'Xiang FZ031' had the best yield stability, 'Xumian 638' and 'Zhongmiansuo 50' had outstanding stability in 2019, and 'Simian 1035' had the most extensive adaptability in 2019. The evaluation of test sites showed that 'Xuzhou' (2018) and 'Dafeng' (2019) had the best variety discrimination and regional representativeness. The comprehensive analysis shows that 'Zhongmian 425' is an ideal variety with excellent comprehensive traits, which could be used as an important reference for the breeding and regional distribution of early-maturing cotton varieties in Jiangsu Province.

  Effects of Drought Stress on Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution of Kenaf in Vigorous Growing Period ZHANG Lixia, SHI Pengfei, SHEN Peilin, LIU Yao, CHENG Jie, ZHANG Lin, DING Li, DU Guanghui, NIE Liangpeng, WEI Yimiao, LV Yuhu, LI Mei, PAN Ziliang, CHEN Yingxia, FAN Jiahui 2025, 41 (20):  18-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0574 Abstract + ( 35 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1287KB )   ( 13 ) To explore the effects of different drought stresses on the yield, dry matter accumulation and distribution of kenaf. we selected the kenaf at vigorous growth stage as the research material for a pot experiment, combined with artificial water control, four water gradients and four time gradients were set for the experiment, to analyze the response of dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield of kenaf to different drought stresses. The results showed:(1) Under light and moderate stress for 5 d-10 d, the yields of kenaf increased by 0.46%-5.87%, and decreased by 7.17%-49.30% under other conditions.(2) The economic characters decreased obviously after 5 days of stress, except for the overall little change of stem diameter and skin thickness. (3) Droughts inhibited the growth of roots, and the distribution ratio decreased by 6.75%-35.14% compared with the control group; leaf and bone growth were stimulated, the bone distribution index increased by 1.97%-25.36%, leaf distribution index after stress 10 days increased by 13.96%-42.39%. Dry matter distribution of the bark showed a parabolic trend, reaching the highest point after 10 d stress, which increased by 4.20%-14.39% compared with the control. (4) Correlation and path analysis showed that dry bark weight per plant (direct effect 1.038) and plant height (indirect effect 0.201) played a key role in yield increase, while bone and leaf distribution index were negatively correlated with yield. (5) In terms of comprehensive stress degree and time effect, 10 days of moderate stress can be used as the critical value of kenaf drought in southern Henan. This study revealed the dry matter distribution strategy of kenaf under drought stress, and provided a theoretical basis for drought-resistant cultivation.

  Breeding and Characteristics of a New Dual-purpose Sweet Potato Variety ‘Rongshu 910’ ZHANG Xiaohong, YAN Zheng, WANG Zhengrong, WEI Guangbiao 2025, 41 (20):  27-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0668 Abstract + ( 33 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1505KB )   ( 8 ) In order to breed a new dual-purpose sweet potato variety with high yield and quality, which can be used for both fresh food and starch processing, ‘Rongshu 910’ was bred by group hybridization with ‘Rongshu 756’ as female parent. The variety was involved in the regional test and production test of new sweet potato varieties in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2016. The results of multi-point test showed that the fresh potato yield, dry potato yield and starch yield of the variety were significantly higher than those of the control variety ‘Jinshan 57’; and the variety had high yield stability, good taste quality, moderately resistance to fusarium wilt and good storage performance. ‘Rongshu 910’ passed the national registration of non-major crop varieties in 2019 [GPD sweet potato (2019) 350022], obtained the right of new plant varieties in 2022 (CNA20193211.5), and was listed as the leading variety in Fujian Province in 2024.

  Key Cultivation Technologies for Rapeseed Production in Ali of Xizang CAO Xiaodong, CAIWANGZHUOMA, YANG Zhen, SUO Zhen, QUE Zong, ZHAO Yajun, YANG Fei, ZHANG Zhi, WANG Hao 2025, 41 (20):  33-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0036 Abstract + ( 31 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1554KB )   ( 4 ) To identify the key factors affecting rapeseed production and screen suitable cultivation measures in Ali Prefecture, Xizang, single-factor experiments on sowing date, sowing rate, and nitrogen application rate were carried out using ‘Qingyou 17’ as the material. The sowing date experiment (S) set three treatments: May 13 (S1), May 18 (S2), and May 23 (S3), with a seeding rate of 22.50 kg/hm2. The seeding rate experiment (D) was sown on May 13, with six seeding rates: 4.50 kg/hm2 (D1), 9.00 kg/hm2 (D2), 13.50 kg/hm2 (D3), 18.00 kg/hm2 (D4), 22.50 kg/hm2 (D5), and 27.00 kg/hm2 (D6). The nitrogen application rate experiment (N) was sown on May 13 with a sowing rate of 22.50 kg/hm2 and included four treatments: no nitrogen fertilizer (N1), 150.00 kg/hm2 (conventional fertilization, N2), 195.00 kg/hm2 (N3), and 240.00 kg/hm2 (N4), applied in a base fertilizer: bolt fertilizer ratio of 6:4. The main traits such as growth period, yield, and quality of rapeseed were systematically investigated. The results showed that the sowing date had the most significant impact on the growth process of rapeseed. Delayed sowing shortened the total growth period, reducing rapeseed yield by 16.27% and 28.57%, and decreasing erucic acid content. Increasing the seeding rate mainly affected yield by changing the number of effective siliques per plant. The yield peaked at the optimal seeding rate of 13.50 kg/hm2, and there was an extremely significant correlation between seeding rate and glucosinolate content (r=0.0533). Nitrogen application rate was extremely significantly positively correlated with yield (r=0.2021). When the optimal nitrogen application rate was 195.00 kg/hm2, the yield increased by 81.10% compared with N1, while excessive fertilization inhibited growth. Overall, the high-yield cultivation parameters for rapeseed in Ali Prefecture, Xizang were determined as sowing on May 13, a sowing rate of 13.50 kg/hm2, and a nitrogen application rate of 195.00 kg/hm2. Principal component analysis indicated that growth period, number of effective pods per plant, and yield could serve as primary reference indicators for screening key rapeseed production techniques (sowing date, sowing rate, and nitrogen application rate). The study also found that oleic acid content had the largest coefficient of variation (0.1599), making it susceptible to cultivation practices, while oil content was genetically stable (coefficient of variation 0.0319). Among the sowing date treatments, sowing on May 18 (S2) resulted in the best overall quality, with oil content increasing by 4.10%-4.60% and the lowest glucosinolate content. The double-low (low erucic acid and low glucosinolate) performance was optimal at a nitrogen application rate of 150.00 kg/hm2 (N2).

  Genetic Analysis of Leaf Margin and Involucre Color in Female Sterile Hybrid Population of Coix lacryma-jobi LU Xiujuan, LI Xiangdong, WEI Xinyuan, ZENG Tao, PAN Hong, SHI Ming 2025, 41 (20):  41-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0140 Abstract + ( 26 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1939KB )   ( 3 ) To further enrich the genetic theory of the color traits in Coix lacryma-jobi, and provide theoretical guidance for its genetic improvement and practical application of color marker traits, this study investigated the genetic laws of leaf margin color and involucre color across distinct genetic backgrounds. Genetic populations were generated by crossing the female sterile plant ‘FS2106’ as the male parent with two normal female fertile materials ‘2130’ and ‘CL63’ as the female parents, then the segregation performance of leaf margin colors and involucre colors in F1 and F2 generations were counted and analyzed to study their genetic laws by using chi-square tests, while exploring the genetic relationships among various traits and potential trait correlations. The results showed that the phenotype of purple leaf margin color was dominant to green leaf margin color, and the black involucre was dominant to white involucre color in C. lacryma-jobi; in the F2 population derived from the cross between female parent ‘2130’ and male parent ‘FS2106’, the segregation ratio of purple to green leaf margin color accorded with 3:1, indicating that purple leaf margin color was controlled by one allele, showing a dominant inheritance; while in the F2 population derived from the female parent ‘CL63’, the segregation ratio of purple to green leaf margin color accorded with 9:7, indicating that purple leaf margin color was controlled by two complementary dominant genes, and there was a complementary effect between these two pairs of genes. It indicated that leaf margin color showed discrepant hereditary modes in different genetic backgrounds of parental materials. In addition, the segregation ratio of black to white involucre color was deviated from the Mendelian inheritance more or less, it might be caused by the introgression of the female sterile gene from special material ‘FS2106’. Leaf margin color and involucre color were inherited independently of one another and exhibited no genetic interference or pleiotropic effects; the female sterile gene had no genetic association with the gene controlling the leaf margin color, while the presence of female sterile gene significantly suppressed the gene expression of involucre-related traits. This study reveals the genetic inheritance mode of the leaf margin color in C. lacryma-jobi for the first time, elucidates the genetic differences in involucre color arising from distinct genetic materials, furthermore, it briefly explores the genetic relationships and correlations among various traits, these findings can provide valuable references for enriching the genetic theory of the color traits in C. lacryma-jobi.

  Comparative Study of Different Seedling Raising Methods of Flue-cured Tobacco at Yongzhou Tobacco Area LEI Minjuan, LI Ping, TENG Linjuan, LU Chaojun, ZHOU Jian, WU Yueting, ZHAO Hui, LV Yuangang, WANG Xichun 2025, 41 (20):  47-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0739 Abstract + ( 33 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1219KB )   ( 8 ) To explore suitable seedling cultivation methods for flue-cured tobacco in Yongzhou tobacco-growing areas and improve seedling techniques, a comparative study was conducted using the cultivar ‘Yunyan 87’ under four treatments: spray seedling (T1), shallow water seedling (T2), shallow water coupled with fiber cotton moist seedling (T3), and floating seedling (T4). The effects of different methods on seedling quality, root system, biomass, strong seedling index, field growth period, agronomic traits, economic characteristics, and chemical components were systematically analyzed. Results showed that T3 treatment achieved the highest seedling emergence rate (100%), shortened the growth period by 5 days, and exhibited superior growth vigor, seedling quality, and root performance, with overall seedling quality ranking as T3>T2>T4>T1. During the field growth stage, T3 demonstrated optimal comprehensive agronomic traits, including plant height, stem circumference, effective leaf number, and maximum leaf area, with the ranking as T3>T2>T1>T4. Furthermore, T3 displayed the best coordination of economic traits and chemical components. These findings indicate that shallow water coupled with fiber cotton moist seedling cultivation significantly enhances seedling quality and is suitable for promotion in Yongzhou tobacco-growing areas.

  Demonstration of New Flue-cured Tobacco Variety ‘Yunyan 121’ in Qujing Tobacco Area LIU Yong, XU Chunlin, YU Haiqin, HAN Gang, YANG Liping, GUI Jichun, FENG Xiaozhong, WANG Jialiang, REN Qin, MU Chahua 2025, 41 (20):  53-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0691 Abstract + ( 28 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1168KB )   ( 4 ) The new flue-cured tobacco variety ‘Yunyan 121’ has strong growth vigor in the field and is easy to cure, and the yield and leaf quality can be balanced. In order to evaluate the potential of ‘Yunyan 121’ as a reserve variety in Qujing tobacco area, new varieties screening tests were carried out in 9 counties in Qujing from 2018 to 2020. The method was to plant 0.66-1.0 hm2 of ‘Yunyan 121’ while the main control variety was planted in adjacent field. In Qujing, the tobacco growing season experienced high temperatures in early stage of 2018 and drought later; in 2019, there was drought in May and the first ten days of June, with less rainfall in August; in 2020, severe drought occurred from May to July. The results of 3-year multi-point test showed that in the planting area of ‘Yunyan 97’, the plant height of ‘Yunyan 121’ was 2 cm higher than that of the control ‘Yunyan 97’, the number of available leaves was 1-2 more than that of the control ‘Yunyan 97’, and the output value of ‘Yunyan 121’ was equivalent to that of ‘Yunyan 97’. In the ‘Yunyan 87’ area, ‘Yunyan 121’ was 4 cm higher in plant height, 4% higher in yield than the control ‘Yunyan 87’. The differences of sugar-nicotine ratios of the upper and middle leaves among varieties were smaller in the same place, and the differences between locations were significantly greater than those between varieties. The differences between locations in ‘Yunyan 97’ planting area were greater than those in ‘Yunyan 87’ planting area. Middle leaf raw tobacco samples were ranked by 4-5 Chinese tobacco industrial companies according to their sensory quality, and the overall ranking of ‘Yunyan 121’ was between ‘Yunyan 87’ and ‘Yunyan 97’. From 2021 to 2023, ‘Yunyan 121’ had a cumulative promotion of 42733 hm2 in Qujing. ‘Yunyan 121’ had good promotion value in areas with heavy PVY damage or weak growth of ‘Yunyan 87’ and ‘Yunyan 97’.

  Effects of Melatonin on Seed Germination and Antioxidant Physiology of Foxtail Millet Seedlings Under Saline-alkali Stress ZHANG Mengyuan, WANG Siyu, XU Feng, LIU Yizhou, GUAN Yan’an, CHEN Erying, LI Feifei, YANG Yanbing, QIN Ling 2025, 41 (20):  60-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0537 Abstract + ( 29 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1320KB )   ( 7 ) The study aimed to explore the effects of exogenous melatonin on seed germination and antioxidant physiology of foxtail millet seedlings under saline-alkali stress. Using the foxtail millet variety ‘Jigu 22’ as the experimental material, seeds were soaked in melatonin solutions at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, and 300 μmol/L. Germination index under saline-alkali stress was measured, and based on the germination test results, the melatonin concentration for seed soaking was selected for leaf spraying application during the seedling stage. At the seedling stage, a mixed saline-alkali solution (100 mmol/L, NaCl:NaHCO3=4:1) was used to simulate saline-alkali stress. Seedling height, fresh weight, dry weight, malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble sugar (SS) contents were measured, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). The results showed that saline-alkali stress significantly reduced germination vigor, germination rate, germination index, root length, shoot length, seedling height, and stems biomass accumulation in foxtail millet, while increasing the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT, as well as the contents of MDA and SS. Application of different concentrations of melatonin alleviated the adverse effects of saline-alkali stress on foxtail millet germination and seedling growth, among which the 200 μmol/L treatment exhibited the strongest protective effect. The application of the optimal melatonin concentration significantly enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) and SS content while reducing MDA content. In summary, saline-alkali stress inhibits foxtail millet germination and seedling growth, whereas the application of an appropriate concentration of melatonin effectively mitigates the damage caused by saline-alkali stress and improves the salt-alkali tolerance of foxtail millet.

  Optimization of Liquid Medium for Monascus Pigments Production by Monascus purpureus Fermentation PAN Dongmei, LIU Zhenxue, YANG Chuanlun, WANG Hongxia, SU Shigang, LIU Jielei, MA Nana, BU Liqun, WANG Jianping, ZHANG Xuefei, HAN Binpeng, CHENG Lunan 2025, 41 (20):  67-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0550 Abstract + ( 27 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1448KB )   ( 6 ) The aim of this study is to improve the chromatic value of Monascus pigment, providing technical support for its widespread applications. To achieve the aim, the liquid medium for Monascus pigments production by Monascus purpureus fermentation was optimized using single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM). Plackett-Burman design and steepest ascent experiments were employed to identify three key factors significantly affecting chromatic value of Monascus pigment including glucose, peptone, and KH2PO4, and the maximum response intervals of these factors were determined. Subsequently, a Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the medium composition, resulting in the following optimal medium formulation: glucose 59.3 g/L, peptone 30.5 g/L, KH2PO4 0.8 g/L, MgSO4 1.0 g/L, ZnSO4 0.1 g/L. Under such optimized medium, the chromatic value of Monascus pigment reached 268.49 U/mL, which was 3.23 times higher than that achieved before optimization. The results demonstrate that response surface methodology is a highly efficient tool for optimizing culture media and this optimization significantly improves the yield of Monascus pigment.

  Comparison of Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics in Fresh Tea Leaves among Tea-Growing Regions of Wuyi Mountain WANG Jizhou, WANG Dongkun, XIE Wei, YIN Chuanhua, SHI Qiumei, LI Yanyan 2025, 41 (20):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0003 Abstract + ( 27 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1421KB )   ( 5 ) To distinguish the characteristics of fresh leaves of tea plants from the Zhengyan, Banyan and Zhoucha tea regions in Wuyi Mountain from an ecological stoichiometry perspective, the study was conducted at Wuyi Mountain National Park in July 12-31, 2021. We compared the carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents, stoichiometric ratios and the natural abundance of carbon isotopes (δ13C) of tea (Cinnamomum cassia) plants leaves. The results showed that prior to autumn fertilization, the N content of fresh tea leaves in the Zhengyan area (24.81 g/kg) was significantly higher than those in the Banyan (22.26 g/kg) and Zhoucha (22.31 g/kg) areas. The δ13C value of Zhengyan fresh tea leaves (-29.79‰) was markedly lower than those of Banyan (-29.09‰) and Zhoucha (-28.50‰) regions. Additionally, The N:P ratio in Zhengyan fresh tea leaves (16.04) significantly exceeded those of the Banyan (14.14) and Zhoucha (14.21) areas. So, we could draw conclusions as followed. (1) The N content, N:P ratio and δ13C values could effectively differentiate fresh tea leaves in the Zhengyan region from those of the other two regions. (2) Zhengyan tea plants exhibited slower growth rates, lower water use efficiency, and the growth was limited by phosphorus, whereas tea plants in the Banyan and Zhoucha regions demonstrated faster growth, higher water use efficiency, and the growth was co-limited by both N and P. These physiological and stoichiometric disparities might contribute to variations in tea quality among the three regions.

  Tobacco Area Soil Quality Evaluation and Barrier Diagnosis in Intercropping System of Tobacco and Rice in Southern Hunan Based on Minimal Data Set XIAO Ziman, HAO Hanchi, FAN Haijin, HE Rujing, XIAO Yansong, LI Xiaohui, LIU Yongjun, LONG Jian, HOU Hongbo, PENG Peiqin 2025, 41 (20):  80-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0611 Abstract + ( 30 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1401KB )   ( 3 ) Soil samples were collected from the tobacco-rice rotation area of southern Hunan to analyze the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil. To evaluate soil quality and diagnose obstacles, providing a scientific basis for nutrient management, reduction of limiting factors, and improving the yield and quality of tobacco leaves in this region, a total of 124 soil samples were collected from 11 tobacco stations. 18 indicators, including soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), exchangeable calcium (ECa), exchangeable magnesium (EMg), available manganese (AMn), available boron (AB), available molybdenum (AMo), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), water-soluble chloride ion (Cl), bulk density (BD) and pH, were selected as the total data set (TDS). Using principal component analysis combined with the Norm value method, a minimum data set (MDS) was constructed to derive the soil quality index (SQI). An obstacle factor diagnosis model was employed to identify the main limiting factors. The results showed that the MDS for the tobacco-rice rotation area in southern Hunan consisted of bulk density, total nitrogen, pH, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, microbial biomass phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium and available manganese. The MDS-based soil quality index (MDS-SQI) exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with the TDS-SQI (R2=0.479，P<0.05), with a relative deviation coefficient of 0.053. This indicated a good fit between the two indices, with minimal relative deviation, suggesting that the MDS could effectively replace the TDS for soil quality evaluation in this region. Obstacle factor analysis revealed that the main limiting factors in the tobacco-rice rotation area were total nitrogen (average obstacle degree of 0.093) and available manganese (average obstacle degree of 0.090). The established MDS evaluation method accurately reflected actual soil quality, balancing representativeness and accuracy while simplifying workload. It was suitable for soil quality evaluation and obstacle diagnosis in tobacco-rice rotation systems. The soil quality index in the tobacco-rice rotation area ranged from 0.221 to 0.614, with an average value of 0.417, indicating that overall soil quality is at a moderate level.

  Effect of Different Innovative Bio-organic Fertilizers on Growth Uniformity and Benefit of Flue-cured Tobacco ZHANG Mingfa, ZHANG Di, ZHANG Sheng, CHAO Jin, TIAN Maocheng, LIU Laihua, TIAN Yongmei, MA Lin, QIN Lang, PENG Zhangqiang, PU Wenxuan 2025, 41 (20):  91-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0051 Abstract + ( 34 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1175KB )   ( 4 ) In order to identify the effect of new bio-organic fertilizers on growth uniformity and benefit of flue-cured tobacco, five treatments including bio-organic fertilizer A (Pennisetum giganteum), bio-organic fertilizer B (a controlled-release fertilizer), and conventional bio-organic fertilizer (control) were designed for a field-plot experimental study. By using a correlation analysis and partial least squares path model, we investigated the uniformity of major agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco plants during the maturation growth period, the relationship between fertilizer cost and the final yield value, as well as some related variabilities. Results showed that the application of the biological fertilizer A and B could improve the uniformity of the length of the middle- and upper-part tobacco leaves, and modulate the uniformity of leaf numbers. Among them, the treatment A had a significant effect on the middle leaf area, and the B treatment had a more obvious optimization of the middle leaf area uniformity. The yield was significantly positively correlated with plant height uniformity, upper leaf area uniformity and leaf number uniformity (P < 0.05), and the output value of T3 (A type 450 kg /hm2) and T5 (B type 450 kg /hm2) treatments increased by 8.28 % and 5.52 %, respectively, compared with the control. The partial least squares path model showed that plant height uniformity ( path coefficient 0.543 ), upper leaf area uniformity ( 0.423 ) and leaf number uniformity ( 0.335 ) were the main factors affecting yield, and the model fitting correlation coefficient was 0.946 (P < 0.05). The study confirmed that the new bio-organic fertilizer can improve the yield and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco by improving the uniformity of the field, and provide a theoretical basis for the screening of bio-fertilizer and the optimization of cultivation techniques.

  Effect of Phosphorus-solubilizing Bacteria on Soil Properties and Growth of Mustard in Acidic Phosphorus-rich Soil XU Yanggui, LI Zhuxian, LIANG Jianyi, TU Yuting, PENG Yiping, ZHONG Wenliang, HUANG Jichuan 2025, 41 (20):  97-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0270 Abstract + ( 28 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1629KB )   ( 3 ) To address the issue of phosphorus surplus and environmental risks caused by excessive phosphorus fertilization in vegetable fields, this study explored the effects of reduced phosphorus fertilizer application combined with phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria on the improvement of acidic P-rich soil and the growth of mustard, providing a scientific basis for sustainable vegetable production. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted with four treatments: conventional P, 50% conventional P, conventional P + phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and 50% conventional P + phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, to compare their effects on the properties of acidic P-rich soil, the nutrient utilization and growth of mustard (Brassica juncea). Correlation analysis revealed that the total exchangeable bases cations in soil were positively correlated with soil nutrient parameters such as alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium, available P, available zinc and available copper, while negatively correlated with exchangeable aluminum. High acidity and phosphorus-rich soil conditions were detrimental to mustard growth and severely inhibited its nutrient absorption. Conversely, reducing P application enhanced the available K in bulk soil and improved the root traits, the utilization of N, P and K in mustard, reduced soil nutrient surplus, promoted the growth of mustard, and increased the content of soluble sugars and vitamin C in mustard stems and leaves. Adding phosphate-solubilizing bacteria could enhance the nutrient utilization, biomass and quality of mustard greens. Especially, the combined use of conventional phosphorus and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, could further improve the properties of non-root zone soil, increase the root surface area, root length ratio, total root length, fine root length and coarse root length of mustard greens, and enhance their ability to absorb nutrients from the root zone soil, reduce the allocation of dry matter to the underground roots and promote the increase in the above-ground yield of mustard greens. Reducing the amount of phosphate fertilizer and adding phosphate-solubilizing bacteria not only promoted the absorption of nutrients by mustard greens but also reduced the content of base ions in the root zone soil, increased the risk of aluminum toxicity in the root zone of mustard greens. In comparison, the conventional phosphate fertilizer combined with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria model showed the best application potential in acidic phosphorus-rich soil.

  Analysis of Applicability of MaizeSM Model for Maize Growth Simulation in Tumd Left Banner ZHANG Lanjing, LIANG Yan, GAO Qi, SU Lijun, SUN Shangyu, YUN Lei, WANG Yiming 2025, 41 (20):  106-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0472 Abstract + ( 56 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1642KB )   ( 5 ) In order to assess the suitability of MaizeSM crop model in Tumd Left Banner, a global sensitivity analysis method was employed to identify sensitive parameters of the model. Subsequently, localized model parameters were calibrated using maize variety data from experimental fields, meteorological observations, soil physical and chemical data, and field management records spanning 2010 to 2022. This calibration enabled accurate simulation and prediction of local maize growth processes and characteristics across different stages. Accuracy of simulation results was verified using actual yield and growth period duration indicators. The results showed that findings revealed nine sensitive parameters within the model, with k1 (emerging-joining stage basic development coefficient) being identified as most sensitive while TR1 (stem sheath storage transport efficiency parameter before flowering) exhibited minimal sensitivity. Strong correlations between simulated values for each growth period and actual values were observed, with normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE) below 30% and root-mean-square error (RMSE) falling within an acceptable range. The crop model can simulate the local maize growth well. The crop model demonstrates good simulation performance for local maize growth. The localized maize growth simulation model, MaizeSM, with improved parameters, has enhanced the refined yield prediction based on station-scale agricultural meteorological services. This further strengthens the application capabilities of agricultural models in climate change impact assessment, operational services, and agricultural production in the Tumd Left Banner region. These advancements assist agricultural managers in formulating optimal planting strategies to achieve maximum production efficiency.

  Characteristics of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Typical Agricultural Wetlands in Jianghan Plain YE Pei, LU Jianxin, WANG Bin, ZHU Bo, CHEN Sicheng 2025, 41 (20):  113-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0708 Abstract + ( 28 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1311KB )   ( 5 ) This study employed the static dark chamber/floating chamber-gas chromatography method to monitor greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural wetlands, including conventional mid-season rice fields, rice-crayfish paddies, crayfish ditches, and aquaculture ponds in the Jianghan Plain from July, 2021 to Nov, 2022 at Jingzhou Agro-meteorology Experimental Station of Hubei. By examining CH4 and N2O emission characteristics and their overall greenhouse effect across different agricultural wetlands, this study provides technical references for accurately assessing carbon sequestration and emission reductions in rice-farming ecosystems, contributing to green and low-carbon development. The results showed that CH4 and N2O emission fluxes in rice-crayfish paddies were significantly higher than in aquaculture ponds and crayfish ditches, with CH4 emissions in rice fields mainly concentrated during the early flooded stages of rice growth. In crayfish ditches and aquaculture ponds, CH4 emissions primarily occurred during the high-density breeding periods in spring and summer, with the highest peak emissions recorded in rice-crayfish paddies (85.7 μg/(m2·h)), which were 1.4-9.8 times higher than other agricultural wetlands. The peak N2O emissions were observed during the tillering and drying stages of rice fields, as well as during the pre-stocking dry pond, dredging, and sun-drying stages in aquaculture ponds, with the highest peak in conventional mid-season rice fields (285.3 μg/(m2·h)), which was 0.9-21.2 times higher than other agricultural wetlands. Cumulative CH4 emissions ranked in the following order: rice-crayfish paddies, aquaculture ponds, conventional mid-season rice fields, and crayfish ditches. Cumulative N2O emissions were highest in conventional mid-season rice fields, followed by rice-crayfish paddies, aquaculture ponds, and crayfish ditches. The overall greenhouse effect followed this ranking: rice-crayfish paddies, aquaculture ponds, conventional mid-season rice fields, and crayfish ditches. Rice-crayfish paddies and aquaculture ponds were identified as major sources of greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural wetlands. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from these areas is the key to achieving agricultural emission reductions. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt shallow-water aquaculture in rice-crayfish paddies to shorten the flooding duration, reduce methane production by inhibiting methanogenic bacteria, and apply slow-release fertilizers and integrated organic-inorganic fertilization techniques to suppress N2O generation during the sun-drying period. For aquaculture ponds, improving sediment management, dynamically adjusting feed input, and using microporous oxygenation devices to enhance the redox status of the water body can reduce the overall greenhouse effect caused by sedimentation of residual feed.

  Research Progress on Integrated Management of Anoplophora glabripennis in China WANG He 2025, 41 (20):  121-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0290 Abstract + ( 33 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1163KB )   ( 8 ) Anoplophora glabripennis poses significant threats to several important tree species in China, including Populus, Salix, Ulmus, and Acer. In view of the control difficulties such as its concealed life cycle, broad host range, and limited natural enemies, it is urgent to develop an effective integrated pest management system. This paper systematically reviews research progress on the biological characteristics, distribution patterns, and control technologies of A. glabripennis, analyzes the main limitations of current control methods, and proposes an integrated management strategy. The strategy includes: (1) establishing an intelligent “space-air-ground” integrated monitoring and early warning platform; (2) promoting environmentally friendly pesticides and precision application techniques; (3) improving natural enemy strains and developing coordinated release systems; (4) optimizing regional multi-species tree allocation. These methods form a “prevention-first, multi-measure synergy” control model. Through progressive “prevention-regulation-control” interventions, the comprehensive strategy balances control efficacy with ecological sustainability, providing both scientific basis and technical support for long-term management of A. glabripennis in China.

  Research Progress on Active Chemical Components of Perilla Leaves and Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity AN Yan, OU Qiaoming, WANG Li, LIANG Tingyu, CUI Wenjuan, ZHU Xu 2025, 41 (20):  128-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0010 Abstract + ( 42 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2818KB )   ( 10 ) The purpose of this study is to deeply explore the research trends of Perilla leaf's active chemical components and clarify its chemical composition and active mechanisms, and offers theoretical support for future research directions and the multi-domain development of Perilla leaf resources. Through bibliometrics and systematic review, we analyzed the research path and mechanisms of Perilla leaf's active components. We summarized the evolution and cutting-edge trends of its active component research, focusing on key components like essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins. Their chemical structures, structure-activity relationships, and molecular mechanisms of functional activities (e.g., antioxidant and antibacterial properties) were clarified. This study highlights the research progress and direction of Perilla leaves functional components, and probes into its resource potential in food, medicine, cosmetics and other fields.

  Research Progress on Application of Synthetic Microbial Communities in Agriculture: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on VOSviewer and CiteSpace ZHANGYincui, LIU Xiaoting, YAO Tuo 2025, 41 (20):  143-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0805 Abstract + ( 37 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 4559KB )   ( 12 ) By visually analyzing the research literature in the field of synthetic microbial communities in the past 10 years (2014-2024), this paper explores the research process, research strength, main research contents and deficiencies in this field, and provides a reference for the application research of synthetic microbial communities in the agricultural field. By using bibliometric methods and CiteSpace and VOSviewer software, 1017 literatures related to synthetic microbial communities in the CNKI and WOS databases were visualized, including domestic and international publication trends, cooperation networks, co-occurrence and emergent analysis of high-frequency keywords. The results show that the research on synthetic microbial communities at home and abroad shows a fluctuating upward trend, and the growth rate of foreign language papers is greater than that of Chinese papers. A research pattern has been formed globally, with China and the United States taking the lead and other countries participating together. There is a lack of cooperation between research institutions and researchers, with cooperation rates of 10.12% and 21.70% respectively. However, the quality of research institutions is relatively high, such as Tianjin University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Northwest A&F University, University of California, Chinese Academy of Sciences, United States Department of Energy (DOE), etc. The research on synthetic microbial communities mainly focuses on the construction of bacterial flora, interspecific interactions within the community and their applications, lacking related mechanism studies. In the future, attention should be paid to the construction of cross-border synthetic flora and the mechanism research on the advantages of flora. The research on synthetic microbial communities is in the development stage and has great research potential. Future research should still focus on constructing microbiota, interspecific interactions and enhancing the practical application effects of synthetic microbial communities based on practical applications.

  Development of A Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Method Combined with Lateral Flow Strip for Rapid Detection of the Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei ZHANG Min, JING Hongli, WANG Na, WU Shaoqiang 2025, 41 (20):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0775 Abstract + ( 28 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1911KB )   ( 3 ) Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is an intracellular parasite that can infect various shrimp species. To develop an on-site rapid detection method of EHP, recombinant polymerase chain reaction (RPA) and lateral flow strip (LFS) techniques were combined in this study. 3 pairs of primers and probes were designed targeting the highly conserved region of EHP spore wall protein 1(SWP) gene according to primer design principle of RPA. By optimizing reaction conditions and screening the best primers and probes, an RPA with lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFS) detection method for EHP was developed in this study. Then, detection limit, specificity and reliability were detected. After optimization, the target gene was successfully amplified in reaction temperature of 37℃ for only 15 minutes. With LFS detection, the overall detection time was within 20 minutes. The detection limit of RPA-LFS was 10 copies of EHP DNA. The results of specificity test showed that this method just specifically reacted with the EHP DNA, and had no cross-reaction with other aquatic animal virus such as white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The clinical samples detection results of the RPA-LFS method were the same as the results of real time PCR method recommended by WOAH. This EHP RPA-LFS detection method established in this study has the advantages of shorter time, visible results, no dependence on expensive instruments, and lower detection costs, compared with qPCR and nested PCR detection methods. This method can achieve on-site rapid detection of EHP and is very suitable for small laboratories, providing a new assay for EHP detection.