Key Cultivation Technologies for Rapeseed Production in Ali of Xizang

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0036

Abstract

Abstract:

To identify the key factors affecting rapeseed production and screen suitable cultivation measures in Ali Prefecture, Xizang, single-factor experiments on sowing date, sowing rate, and nitrogen application rate were carried out using ‘Qingyou 17’ as the material. The sowing date experiment (S) set three treatments: May 13 (S₁), May 18 (S₂), and May 23 (S₃), with a seeding rate of 22.50 kg/hm². The seeding rate experiment (D) was sown on May 13, with six seeding rates: 4.50 kg/hm² (D₁), 9.00 kg/hm² (D₂), 13.50 kg/hm² (D₃), 18.00 kg/hm² (D₄), 22.50 kg/hm² (D₅), and 27.00 kg/hm² (D₆). The nitrogen application rate experiment (N) was sown on May 13 with a sowing rate of 22.50 kg/hm² and included four treatments: no nitrogen fertilizer (N₁), 150.00 kg/hm² (conventional fertilization, N₂), 195.00 kg/hm² (N₃), and 240.00 kg/hm² (N₄), applied in a base fertilizer: bolt fertilizer ratio of 6:4. The main traits such as growth period, yield, and quality of rapeseed were systematically investigated. The results showed that the sowing date had the most significant impact on the growth process of rapeseed. Delayed sowing shortened the total growth period, reducing rapeseed yield by 16.27% and 28.57%, and decreasing erucic acid content. Increasing the seeding rate mainly affected yield by changing the number of effective siliques per plant. The yield peaked at the optimal seeding rate of 13.50 kg/hm², and there was an extremely significant correlation between seeding rate and glucosinolate content (r=0.0533). Nitrogen application rate was extremely significantly positively correlated with yield (r=0.2021). When the optimal nitrogen application rate was 195.00 kg/hm², the yield increased by 81.10% compared with N₁, while excessive fertilization inhibited growth. Overall, the high-yield cultivation parameters for rapeseed in Ali Prefecture, Xizang were determined as sowing on May 13, a sowing rate of 13.50 kg/hm², and a nitrogen application rate of 195.00 kg/hm². Principal component analysis indicated that growth period, number of effective pods per plant, and yield could serve as primary reference indicators for screening key rapeseed production techniques (sowing date, sowing rate, and nitrogen application rate). The study also found that oleic acid content had the largest coefficient of variation (0.1599), making it susceptible to cultivation practices, while oil content was genetically stable (coefficient of variation 0.0319). Among the sowing date treatments, sowing on May 18 (S₂) resulted in the best overall quality, with oil content increasing by 4.10%-4.60% and the lowest glucosinolate content. The double-low (low erucic acid and low glucosinolate) performance was optimal at a nitrogen application rate of 150.00 kg/hm² (N₂).

Key words: Ali, Xizang, rapeseed, sowing date, seeding rate, nitrogen application rate, yield, quality

CAO Xiaodong, CAIWANGZHUOMA, YANG Zhen, SUO Zhen, QUE Zong, ZHAO Yajun, YANG Fei, ZHANG Zhi, WANG Hao. Key Cultivation Technologies for Rapeseed Production in Ali of Xizang[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(20): 33-40.

Figures/Tables 7

References 28

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栽培措施	处理	播期(月-日)	出苗期(月-日)	初花期(月-日)	成熟期(月-日)	播种—出苗/d	出苗—开花/d	开花—成熟/d	全生育期/d
播期(S)	S1	5-13	5-21	6-25	9-10	9a	35a	77a	121a
	S2	5-18	5-24	6-28	9-12	7a	34a	76a	118ab
	S3	5-23	5-31	6-28	9-12	9a	28b	76a	112b
	CV/%					11.31	9.56	0.62	3.20
播量(D)	D1	5-13	5-21	6-25	9-12	8a	35a	79a	122a
	D2	5-13	5-21	6-25	9-12	8a	35a	79a	122a
	D3	5-13	5-21	6-24	9-12	8a	34a	80a	122a
	D4	5-13	5-21	6-25	9-12	8a	35a	79a	122a
	D5	5-13	5-21	6-24	9-12	8a	34a	80a	122a
	D6	5-13	5-21	6-24	9-12	8a	34a	80a	122a
	CV/%					0	1.45	0.63	0.00
施氮量(N)	N1	5-13	5-21	6-23	9-8	8a	33a	77a	118ab
	N2	5-13	5-21	6-25	9-12	8a	35a	79a	122a
	N3	5-13	5-21	6-25	9-12	8a	35a	79a	122a
	N4	5-13	5-21	6-25	9-12	8a	35a	79a	122a
	CV/%					0	2.51	1.10	1.43

栽培措施	处理	播期(月-日)	出苗期(月-日)	初花期(月-日)	成熟期(月-日)	播种—出苗/d	出苗—开花/d	开花—成熟/d	全生育期/d
播期(S)	S1	5-13	5-21	6-25	9-10	9a	35a	77a	121a
	S2	5-18	5-24	6-28	9-12	7a	34a	76a	118ab
	S3	5-23	5-31	6-28	9-12	9a	28b	76a	112b
	CV/%					11.31	9.56	0.62	3.20
播量(D)	D1	5-13	5-21	6-25	9-12	8a	35a	79a	122a
	D2	5-13	5-21	6-25	9-12	8a	35a	79a	122a
	D3	5-13	5-21	6-24	9-12	8a	34a	80a	122a
	D4	5-13	5-21	6-25	9-12	8a	35a	79a	122a
	D5	5-13	5-21	6-24	9-12	8a	34a	80a	122a
	D6	5-13	5-21	6-24	9-12	8a	34a	80a	122a
	CV/%					0	1.45	0.63	0.00
施氮量(N)	N1	5-13	5-21	6-23	9-8	8a	33a	77a	118ab
	N2	5-13	5-21	6-25	9-12	8a	35a	79a	122a
	N3	5-13	5-21	6-25	9-12	8a	35a	79a	122a
	N4	5-13	5-21	6-25	9-12	8a	35a	79a	122a
	CV/%					0	2.51	1.10	1.43

栽培措施	处理	单株有效角果数/个		每角粒数/个		千粒重/g
栽培措施	处理	变异幅度	均值	变异幅度	均值	变异幅度	均值
播期(S)	S1	58.00~67.00	62.53±3.71a	15.00~19.00	16.67±1.70ab	3.44~3.82	3.65±0.16a
	S2	50.00~66.00	56.90±6.75ab	18.00~23.00	20.33±2.05a	3.21~3.61	3.47±0.18a
	S3	40.00~50.00	45.30±4.16b	17.00~21.00	19.33±1.70a	3.30~3.61	3.46±0.13a
播量(D)	D1	55.00~61.00	57.67±2.49a	17.00~21.00	18.67±1.70a	3.30~3.56	3.45±0.11a
	D2	49.00~70.00	56.67±9.46ab	16.00~19.00	17.67±1.25a	3.28~3.60	3.42±0.13a
	D3	43.00~50.00	46.33±2.87abc	17.00~20.00	18.33±1.25a	3.18~3.70	3.45±0.21a
	D4	46.00~61.00	52.67±6.24ab	16.00~19.00	17.33±1.25a	3.48~3.63	3.54±0.07a
	D5	34.00~45.00	39.33±4.78c	15.00~17.00	16.33±0.94a	3.48~3.66	3.56±0.07a
	D6	40.00~51.00	44.33±4.78bc	15.00~20.00	18.00±1.33a	3.47~3.50	3.48±0.01a
施氮量(N)	N1	34.00~39.00	35.67±2.36c	16.00~20.00	18.00±1.63ab	3.32~3.52	3.42±0.08a
	N2	56.00~67.00	60.67±4.64a	17.00~20.00	18.33±1.25ab	3.34~3.67	3.50±0.13a
	N3	49.00~58.00	53.33±3.68ab	19.00~21.00	20.33±0.94a	3.41~3.64	3.53±0.09a
	N4	45.00~51.00	47.53±2.46b	15.00~19.00	16.67±1.70b	3.50~3.70	3.60±0.08a

栽培措施	处理	单株有效角果数/个		每角粒数/个		千粒重/g
栽培措施	处理	变异幅度	均值	变异幅度	均值	变异幅度	均值
播期(S)	S1	58.00~67.00	62.53±3.71a	15.00~19.00	16.67±1.70ab	3.44~3.82	3.65±0.16a
	S2	50.00~66.00	56.90±6.75ab	18.00~23.00	20.33±2.05a	3.21~3.61	3.47±0.18a
	S3	40.00~50.00	45.30±4.16b	17.00~21.00	19.33±1.70a	3.30~3.61	3.46±0.13a
播量(D)	D1	55.00~61.00	57.67±2.49a	17.00~21.00	18.67±1.70a	3.30~3.56	3.45±0.11a
	D2	49.00~70.00	56.67±9.46ab	16.00~19.00	17.67±1.25a	3.28~3.60	3.42±0.13a
	D3	43.00~50.00	46.33±2.87abc	17.00~20.00	18.33±1.25a	3.18~3.70	3.45±0.21a
	D4	46.00~61.00	52.67±6.24ab	16.00~19.00	17.33±1.25a	3.48~3.63	3.54±0.07a
	D5	34.00~45.00	39.33±4.78c	15.00~17.00	16.33±0.94a	3.48~3.66	3.56±0.07a
	D6	40.00~51.00	44.33±4.78bc	15.00~20.00	18.00±1.33a	3.47~3.50	3.48±0.01a
施氮量(N)	N1	34.00~39.00	35.67±2.36c	16.00~20.00	18.00±1.63ab	3.32~3.52	3.42±0.08a
	N2	56.00~67.00	60.67±4.64a	17.00~20.00	18.33±1.25ab	3.34~3.67	3.50±0.13a
	N3	49.00~58.00	53.33±3.68ab	19.00~21.00	20.33±0.94a	3.41~3.64	3.53±0.09a
	N4	45.00~51.00	47.53±2.46b	15.00~19.00	16.67±1.70b	3.50~3.70	3.60±0.08a

处理	单株有效角果数	每角粒数	千粒重	产量	含油量	硫苷	芥酸	油酸	亚油酸	亚麻酸
S1	0.0593	0.1020	0.0430	0.0160	0.0594	0.0114	0.0179	0.0432	0.0566	0.1054
S2	0.1186	0.1011	0.0525	0.0806	0.0244	0.0066	0.0224	0.0503	0.0509	0.0994
S3	0.0919	0.0879	0.0366	0.0764	0.0182	0.0098	0.0196	0.0347	0.0593	0.1141
D1	0.0433	0.0911	0.0322	0.0947	0.0233	0.0250	0.0171	0.0492	0.0523	0.0855
D2	0.1670	0.0706	0.0391	0.0552	0.0113	0.0043	0.0186	0.0434	0.0565	0.1229
D3	0.0619	0.0680	0.0617	0.0296	0.0389	0.0096	0.0194	0.0355	0.0550	0.1167
D4	0.1184	0.0720	0.0188	0.0392	0.0229	0.0050	0.0190	0.0524	0.0560	0.1030
D5	0.1143	0.0577	0.0210	0.0163	0.0384	0.0100	0.0186	0.0388	0.0588	0.1141
D6	0.1079	0.1200	0.0036	0.0043	0.0587	0.0071	0.0184	0.0549	0.0606	0.1024
N1	0.0661	0.0907	0.0239	0.0359	0.0131	0.0280	0.0201	0.0478	0.0552	0.0937
N2	0.0765	0.0680	0.0385	0.0407	0.0198	0.0222	0.0188	0.0451	0.0539	0.0966
N3	0.0690	0.0464	0.0266	0.0246	0.0345	0.0094	0.0174	0.0686	0.0512	0.1031
N4	0.0517	0.1020	0.0227	0.0066	0.0145	0.0070	0.0179	0.0561	0.0450	0.0700
播期间变异	0.1598	0.1275	0.0508	0.1501	0.0428	0.1114	0.0433	0.1610	0.0861	0.1283
播量间变异	0.1758	0.0937	0.0339	0.1267	0.0422	0.0533	0.0585	0.1491	0.0741	0.1381
氮肥间变异	0.1980	0.1052	0.0372	0.2021	0.0319	0.1033	0.0339	0.1599	0.0976	0.1520
总变异	0.1844	0.1091	0.0402	0.1599	0.0448	0.1051	0.0493	0.1773	0.0965	0.1537