Abstract: The nucleic acid vaccine has already displayed the strong superiority and vitalities, it develops the foreground huge. Along with the continuously go deep into of the research, the function mechanism of the nucleic acid vaccine also at was constantly clarified. The choice of the outside source purpose gene, the choice of the carrier and the preparative disposal of inoculated organization etc. are all main factors that affects the nucleic acid vaccine to express in the body. Because the nucleic acid vaccine has the advantage that the normal regulations vaccine have no, but the nucleic acid vaccine also exists some problems that didn’t resolve yet. At the same time,. Improve to the nucleic acid vaccine continuously along with the people, we believe that the nucleic acid vaccine will operate the more important function not only under the gene treatment but also under medical in the disease.