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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2012, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (7): 160-164.

所属专题： 园艺

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

陕北枣树土壤理化性质分析

赵满兴 陈宗礼 王文强 延志莲   

  • 收稿日期:2011-10-24 修回日期:2011-12-25 出版日期:2012-03-05 发布日期:2012-03-05
  • 基金资助:

    陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目;延安大学科研项目;陕西省重点扶持学科建设项目

Analysis of Physical and Chemical Properties under Different Jujube Tree in Northern Shaanxi Province

  • Received:2011-10-24 Revised:2011-12-25 Online:2012-03-05 Published:2012-03-05

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摘要：

为了进一步了解陕北枣树土壤理化性质，为科学施肥提供理论依据。以陕北延川县不同品种、不同生长年限的枣树土壤为研究对象，分层采集100 cm内的土壤，测定土壤pH、硝态氮、可溶性总氮含量。结果表明：随着土壤深度的增加，土壤pH变化总体呈现出0~20 cm的值最小，20~40 cm的值最高，不同枣树品种土壤pH不尽相同，‘木枣’>‘骏枣’>‘灰条枣’>‘狗头枣’。同一枣树品种不同生长年限相比，生长年限越长，土壤pH越小。0~20 cm深度土层硝态氮含量最高，20~40 cm土层含量次之，40~60 cm土层硝态氮含量最低，60~100 cm土层略微上升。不同枣树品种土壤硝态氮含量不尽相同。‘狗头枣’>‘骏枣’>‘灰条枣’>‘木枣’。30年以上的枣树平均含量更是远远超过30年以下的。所有枣树20~40 cm土层可溶性总氮含量最高，生长年限越短，20~40 cm土层可溶性总氮含量越高。所有枣树土壤可溶性总氮含量均表现为先升后降的趋势。不同品种枣树土壤可溶性总氮含量大小次序为：‘狗头枣’>‘灰条枣’>‘木枣’>‘骏枣’。这种差异可能受枣树年限，枣树品种以及施肥等条件影响。枣树品种、树龄等影响着土壤pH、硝态氮、可溶性总氮含量，关于其中的机理有待进行深入研究。

关键词: 卷烟加香, 卷烟加香

Abstract:

Information about balanced fertilization on jujube tree is limited. Thus, the objectives of our study were not only to quantify physical and chemical properties of different jujubes, but also to provide new theoretical evidence for high yield and high quality cultivation and the physiology of resistance of the jujube tree. Soil samples were collected from different types of jujube tree in Yanchuan County in North Shaanxi Province, China. There were three study areas in this county. In each area we sampled 3 sites belonging to different variety. The varieties of jujube trees were ‘Goutouzao’, ‘Muzao’, ‘Junzao’ and ‘Huitiaozao’. In each site, 0-100 cm soil layer was divided to 5 layers. It was 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm. For each site a composite sample was obtained by mixing 3 subsamples. The field moist soil samples were measured. The quantitative analysis was measured by commonly analysis of soil agriculture chemistry. The result showed that soil pH values variation tendency of soil types was basically identical with the increase of soil depth. The lowest pH value was found in 0-20 cm layer, and the highest pH value was found in 20-40 cm layer. Different jujube trees had prominent effects on soil pH values, the size of different jujube trees was as the following: ‘Muzao’> ‘Junzao’> ‘Huitiaozao’> ‘Goutouzao’. Compared different age of the same jujubes varieties, the older the jujubes was, the lower soil pH value in its soil was. The highest concentration of nitrate nitrogen was found in 0-20 cm soil layer, followed by 20-40 cm soil layer. The lowest content of nitrate nitrogen was found in 40-60 cm soil layer. Below 60 cm, the content of nitrate nitrogen showed an increasing tendency. The difference of nitrate nitrogen content was found among different soil. The order of extractable nitrate nitrogen was ‘Goutouzao’> ‘Junzao’> ‘Huitiaozao’> ‘Muzao’. The mean content of nitrate nitrogen of over age of 30 a was higher than age of 30 a below. The difference of TSN content was found among different soil. The highest concentration of TSN was found in 20-40 cm soil layer. The younger the jujube was, the higher the concentration of soil total soluble nitrogen in its 20-40 cm soil layer was. Below 40 cm layer, the concentration of TSN showed a declining trend. Compared different jujubes varieties, the order of extractable TSN was ‘Goutouzao’> ‘Huitiaozao’>‘Muzao’ > ‘Junzao’. The difference of pH value, nitrate nitrogen and TSN content were influenced by variety, fertilizer and age of jujube tree. It remained unclear the mechanism of assimilate nutriment in different jujube trees in this area.