欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2012, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (24): 80-85.

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

松辽平原高产农田土壤孔性对冻结的响应及机理研究

于博 赵兰坡 闫海彬 张志丹 姜亦梅 马晓婷 任应洪 闫北辰   

  • 收稿日期:2012-03-19 修回日期:2012-04-23 出版日期:2012-08-25 发布日期:2012-08-25
  • 基金资助:

    松辽平原玉米带高产土壤的肥力特征及形成机理研究

Alternate Freezing and Thawing Influence the Soil Porosity of High-yield Cropland Which Study Mechanism in Songliao Plain

  • Received:2012-03-19 Revised:2012-04-23 Online:2012-08-25 Published:2012-08-25

PDF (PC)

756

摘要：

为了进一步深入系统研究松辽平原玉米带黑土耕作区高产田（平面型）土壤质量的管理与评价提供理论支持和借鉴，并且对黑土资源的利用与保护、为粮食的丰产增收在土壤结构理论方面具有重要的现实意义，并且对黑土资源的利用与保护、为粮食的丰产增收在土壤结构理论方面的探索，以松辽平原玉米带耕作区高产田（波浪型）与低产田（平面型）0~20 cm耕层土壤为研究对象采用田间季节性冻融过程与室内模拟冻融试验相结合的方法，研究松辽平原玉米带高产田土壤的结构性对冻结的响应，包括影响范围较深和程度，进一步阐明高产田土壤对冻结的响应机理。采用高产田与低产田对比的方法，在不同的冻结条件下，设置含水量接近5%，10%，15%，20%，25%；设置冻结频率0、2、4、6次进行室内模拟冻结实验。通过对容重、孔隙度、孔隙面积、Feret直径等指标的测定与分析，研究了不同冻结频率不同含水量，对高产田和低产田0~20 cm耕层的土壤孔隙特征的影响。结果显示：冻融循环能够显著增加松辽平原玉米带高产田与低产田0~20 cm耕层土壤孔隙的数目，高产田增加百分比为32.58%；低产田增加百分比为17.95%。显著降低了低产田0~20 cm土层范围内Feret直径和土壤的平均孔隙面积以，Feret直径由冻结前的2.31降低到冻结后的1.92，降低百分比为16.88%，低产田土壤的平均孔隙面积由冻结前的8.91降低到冻结后的4.65，降低百分率为47.81%(P<0.05)。除了土壤孔隙的成圆率外，冻融循环对高产田与低产田不同径级团聚体的孔隙数目、平均孔隙面积、平均Feret直径均有不同影响程度的差异(P<0.05)。高产田>5 mm团聚体平均孔隙面积由冻结前的37.08降低到冻结后的23.84，降低百分比为38.40%，变化差异显著(P<0.05)，这是高产田与低产田相比特有的变化规律。而高产田其他粒级团聚体和低产田所有粒级团聚体的平均孔隙面积对冻结的响应不明显。高产田与低产田都有>5 mm团聚体的孔隙成圆率变化显著，高产田由冻结前的0.36降低到0.27，变化百分比为25%；低产田由冻结前的0.25增加到冻结后的0.34，变化百分比为36%，差异显著(P<0.05)，这两者的变化规律截然相反，也体现高产田大粒径团聚体孔隙成圆率对冻结的响应规律有别于低产田的特殊性，以上研究结论对系统研究松辽平原玉米带黑土耕作区高产田（平面型）土壤质量的管理与评价提供理论支持有一定的意义。

关键词: 变异特征, 变异特征

Abstract:

In order to further system further in-depth system of Songliao Plain corn with black soil farming area high-yield cropland of soil quality management and evaluation to provide theoretical support and learn from , and the black soil resources utilization and protection, as grain yield income soil structure theory has important practical significance, and the black soil resources utilization and protection, for grain yield income in the exploration of the theoretical aspects of soil structure, the high-yield cropland of the low-yield cropland and comparative method, under freezing conditions, through the analysis of bulk density, porosity, aggregate distribution and stability, compared to three index determination and analysis of different frequencies, different water content of frozen, the high yield cropland and cropland of the low yield in 0-20 cm soil structure characteristics, the different water 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and different freezing frequency 0, 2, 4, 6, the results showed: the different water content after freezing and thawing soil pore space characteristics change with significant influence. The results showed that, freeze-thaw cycle could significantly increase the number of Songliao Plain Corn Belt yield cropland and low-yield cropland of 0-20 cm top soil porosity, high-yield cropland to increase the percentage of 32.58. The percentage of 17.95 increased in low-yield cropland. Significantly reduced the average pore size of Feret-diameter in the range of 0-20 cm soil layer of low-yield cropland and soil Feret-diameter by 2.31 before freezing to frozen 1.92 percentage reduction of 16.88, average pore size of the low-yield farmland soil freeze before the 8.91 lower to 4.65 of the frozen, reducing the percentage of 47.81 (P<0.05). In addition to the rate of the soil pores into round aggregates in pore number of freeze-thaw cycle on the high-yield cropland and low-yield cropland of all classes, with an average pore size, the average Feret-diameter have different impact on the degree of difference (P<0.05). Yield field >5 mm average pore size of the aggregates by freeze before the 37.08 to 23.84 of the frozen lower percentage of 38.4, the change significantly different (P<0.05), which was a unique variation of high-yield cropland and compared to low-yield cropland. Yield cropland of the other size of the aggregates and the low-yield cropland of all grain size aggregates the average pore size of the freeze response was not obvious. High-yield cropland and low-yield cropland had > 5 mm aggregates of pores round rate changes significantly, high-yield cropland reduced to 0.27 from 0.36 before freezing, the percentage change of 25. Low-yield cropland increased from 0.25 before freezing to frozen 0.34, the 36 change in the percentage of the difference was significant (P<0.05) between the changes in the law was the opposite, also reflects the high-yield cropland large particle aggregates pores round rate freeze the law's response was different from the particularity of the low-yield cropland, the above conclusions on system management and evaluation of the Songliao Plain corn with black soil farming area high-yield cropland of soil quality to provide theoretical support a certain significance.

中图分类号: