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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (28): 159-164.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0719

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇    

基于台架试验的渔船柴油机履行新排放标准探讨

李胜勇(), 郑建丽, 张祝利()   

  1. 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所,上海 200092
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-27 修回日期:2021-01-30 出版日期:2021-10-05 发布日期:2021-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 张祝利
  • 作者简介:李胜勇,男,1980年出生,河北沧州人,工程师,学士,研究方向：渔船法规政策研究。通信地址：200092 上海市杨浦区赤峰路63号9号楼205室,Tel：021-65977260*6226,E-mail： lishengyong@fmiri.ac.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“2020渔船渔具管理”(2020LKY017);中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“玻璃钢渔船标准体系研究”(2020LKY032)

New Discharge Standard of Fishing Vessel Diesel Engine Based on Bench Test

Li Shengyong(), Zheng Jianli, Zhang Zhuli()   

  1. Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Shanghai 200092
  • Received:2020-11-27 Revised:2021-01-30 Online:2021-10-05 Published:2021-10-28
  • Contact: Zhang Zhuli

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摘要：

环保部2016年发布了GB 15097—2016《船舶发动机排气污染物排放限值及测量方法（中国第一、二阶段）》,该标准相较于《渔业船舶法定检验技术规则（船长大于或等于12 m国内海洋渔业船舶2017）》的要求增加了一氧化碳、碳氢化合物、颗粒物3个控制项目,氮氧化物的排放限值也明显提高。为获知当前中国主流渔船柴油机排放的技术现状、了解履行新标准的差距,对2种典型的渔船柴油机进行了排放污染物测试试验和劣化试验验证。试验结果显示：典型渔船柴油机可满足新标准一阶段的要求,但距离二阶段要求有较大差距。其中颗粒物的排放超出二阶段限值25%~53%。通过两型柴油机试验数据的对比分析发现,燃油喷射方式是改善颗粒物排放和有效降低柴油机劣化程度的关键因素。针对渔船柴油机如何更好的履行二阶段排放要求给出建议：推迟新标准二阶段生效;鼓励研发新产品,促进先进技术引进;控制实船使用燃油质量,提高渔民的环保意识;加强实船监管力度。

关键词: 渔船柴油机, 新标准, 第二阶段, 屡标, 排放限值, 喷油方式

Abstract:

The Ministry of Environmental Protection issued GB 15097—2016 Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Marine Engines (CHINA Ⅰ, Ⅱ) in 2016. Compared with the requirements in Statutory Inspection Technique Rules of Fishing Vessels (L≥12 m Domestic Marine Fishing Vessel 2017), this standard increased three controlling items of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and particle matters, while the emission limit of nitric oxide is remarkably enhanced. To gain the technical status of the mainstream diesel engine emission of fishing vessels in China and know about the gap of fulfilling the new standard, emission pollutant tests and deterioration tests were conducted on two typical diesel engines of fishing vessels for verification. The test results indicate that the typical diesel engines of fishing vessels could meet CHINA Ⅰ requirements of the new standard but they still have a great gap from meeting CHINA Ⅱ requirements. The particulate matter emission exceeds the limit by 25%-53% in the two stages. Through the comparative analysis of test data in the two diesel engines, it could be found that the fuel injection mode is the key factor to cut down particulate matter emission and effectively reduce the deterioration degree of diesel engines. Some advices are given to fulfill CHINA Ⅱ requirements better for diesel engines of fishing vessels, including postponing the validity of CHINA Ⅱ in the new standard; encouraging the development of new products and promoting the introduction of advanced technologies; controlling fuel oil quality of real ships and enhancing the environmental awareness of fishermen; and reinforcing the supervision strength of real ships.

Key words: fishing vessel diesel engine, new standard, stage Ⅱ, substantial performance, emission limit, injection way

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