Abstract: Polymorphism of gene is genetic variations on the genome sequence, which is an important decisive factor on the livestock disease susceptibility and resistance, disease clinical performance of diversity and different individuals respond to drugs. To study the genetic polymorphism on the genome sequence of the livestock, which is help to identify and locate pathogenic genes and disease susceptibility gene. Thus, it is possible to control the livestock disease on genetic studies. Therefore, genetic control of animal diseases can reduce the costs associated with diseases, improve animal welfare, and provide healthy animal products to consumers. Advances on the association between genetic polymorphisms and disease susceptibility and resistance for breeding disease resistance in cattle were summarized and analyzed in this review. In addition, the latest progress of diseases control was discussed, combining with genetic information and epigenetics.