Abstract: Through the study of 1200 flowers of 400 young ear of 49 combinations, a concrete index judging the period of the pollen development according to the shape of plant and flowers was put forward; and the way of shift the efficiency of anther culture by low-temperature pretreatment and two shapes and two layers culture method. On the anther culture breeding hereditary laws, through the study to the plant height and the resistance to leaf blast, the result showed that The distribution of H2 is inclined to the late-maturing, high stalk and disease-resistant, namely inclined to the parent's dominant characters, but the distribution of F2 is even and symmetrical, among of them the proportion of the early-maturing, short stem and sense disease plants was higher than F2. In selecting efficiency, the efficiency of the variety popularized by the anther culture is 0.93%, 3.32 times of 0.28% of that by conventional way in the same time. Now by anther culture method had been bred 8 varieties, show outstanding characters such as quality, resisting and yield. In this paper, also discussed the future developing direction in rice anther culture breeding.