Abstract: In this article, the effect of applying special control releasing fertilizer on the growth, yield and quality of watermelon are studied. The results show that using special control releasing fertilizer that is composed of ureas wrapped with organic membrane, inorganic membrane and polyacrylamide hydrocarbon membrane produced in Beijing as the basal manure can increase the yield, which reaches 9.43%, 7.85% and 27.17% separately. Meanwhile, the length of main stem, the melon amounts of single plant and the weight of single melon are all obviously increased. The percentage concentration of sugar is increased and the quality is improved too. At the same time, the rapidly providing state of N, P and K for soil in the melon’s different growing stage and the nutrition of N, P and K contained in the plants is discussed.