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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2013, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (32): 280-285.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2370

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地表层土壤理化性质变化的影响

巩文峰 李玲玲 张晓萍 史旦旦   

  • 收稿日期:2012-07-02 修回日期:2012-07-17 出版日期:2013-11-15 发布日期:2013-11-15
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金;甘肃省教育厅项目;教育部博士点基金

Influence of Conservation Tillage on Top Soil Physical and Chemical Quality in Rain-fed Areas of the Loess Plateau

  • Received:2012-07-02 Revised:2012-07-17 Online:2013-11-15 Published:2013-11-15

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摘要： 为了揭示表层土壤对耕作方式的响应，阐明保护性耕作对土壤理化性质变化的影响，通过研究西北高原干旱区6种不同耕作方式下（传统耕作(T)、免耕(NT)、传统耕作秸秆还田(TS)、免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)、传统耕作地膜覆盖(TP)和免耕地膜覆盖(NTP)），小麦→豌豆轮作长期的试验中0~5 cm、5~10 cm、10~30 cm土层的土壤含水量、容重、孔隙度、团聚体结构、有机碳含量的变化。结果表明：T处理的含水量随土层深度的增加而升高，NT、TS、NTS处理均呈先升高后降低的趋势，TP、NTP处理均随土层深度的增加而逐渐降低；T处理下，土壤容重呈现先升高后降低的趋势，其他保护性耕作方式均随土层深度的增加而逐渐升高；T、TS处理下土壤孔隙度均呈现先升高后降低的趋势，其他保护性耕作方式均随土层深度的增加而逐渐降低；NT、NTS、NTP有利于土壤中较大粒径结构体的形成，随着土层深度的增加，土壤粒径逐渐增大，TS、NTS有利于表层团粒结构的形成，TP、NTP处理对于5~10 cm土层中土壤团粒的形成具有促进作用；6种耕作方式中，总有机碳含量均随土层深度的增加而逐渐降低，NT、NTS和NTP处理总有机碳的含量均相应高于T、TS和TP，其中，NTS处理下总有机碳含量在0~5 cm、5~10 cm、10~30 cm均达到最大值，分别为10.78、10.36、9.83 g/kg，相对于T处理分别提高了4.46%、14.98%、11.83%。综合结果显示，保护性耕作方式对于维持表层土壤含水量、降低土壤容重、提高土壤孔隙度、促进土壤团粒结构的形成及总有机碳高效利用方面在一定程度上具有良好的效果。

关键词: 耐盐鉴定, 耐盐鉴定

Abstract: In order to reveal the response of the surface soil to farming models and clarify the impact of conservation tillage on soil physical and chemical quality, the influence of total of 6 agricultural measures including conventional tillage (T), no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage with straw incorporation (TS), no-tillage with straw mulching (NTS), conventional tillage with plastic-film mulch (TP) and no-tillage with plastic-film mulch (NTP) on the changes of top soil physical and chemical quality at 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-30 cm such as water, bulk density, porosity, aggregates and organic carbon was studied with spring wheat followed by field pea (W→P) in the western loess plateau. The results showed that the content of soil water under T measure, and all of the NT, TS, NTS measures presented increasing first and then decreasing at the range of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-30 cm, and both of TP, NTP measures were on oppose with T. The soil density increased with the soil depth increasing except the T measure with creasing first and then decreasing; the soil porosity increased with the soil depth decreasing except the T and TS measures with creasing first and then decreasing. All of the NT, NTS and NTP measures were advantages for the formation of bigger soil aggregates and the soil aggregates were enhanced with the soil depth increasing, and the TS, NTS and TP, NTP were good for the soil aggregates of top soil and 5-10 cm, respectively. The total contents of organic carbon of all of the six conservation tillage measures showed the same trends of decreasing with the soil depth increasing, the contents of that of NT, NTS and NTP were respectively higher than that of T, TS and TP, in addition, the total contents of organic carbon reached the highest value with 10.78 g/kg, 10.36 g/kg and 9.83 g/kg and increased 4.46%, 14.98% and 11.83% compared to the T measures at the depth of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-30 cm. All of which indicated that the conservation tillage could maintain the top soil water content, decrease the soil density, improve the soil porosity, enhance the soil aggregates and increase the use efficiency of organic carbon at some degree.