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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2013, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (2): 154-159.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1207

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

松嫩平原土壤湿度时序变化特征

纪仰慧 王晨轶 朱海霞 姜丽霞 张剑侠   

  • 收稿日期:2012-03-31 修回日期:2012-06-01 出版日期:2013-01-15 发布日期:2013-01-15
  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业(气象)科研专项“东北地区土壤墒情监测预报及其对主要农作物的影响分析”(GYHY201106026)；公益性行业(气象)科研专项“东北地区春玉米指标体系研究”(GYHY201206018)。

Variation of the Soil Moisture About the Songnen Plain

Ji Yang-hui Jiang Li-xiaZhang Jian-xia   

  • Received:2012-03-31 Revised:2012-06-01 Online:2013-01-15 Published:2013-01-15

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摘要： 黑龙江境内松嫩平原土壤湿度是制约粮食作物生产的主要因素，在全球气候变化大背景下，研究该区域土壤湿度的时序变化对了解土湿演变过程十分必要。选取松嫩平原16个具有代表性的农业气象观测站，1980—2010年共30年的时间序列，固定地段逐旬平均土壤湿度等观测资料，采用M-K趋势检验及突变分析法，分析了本区域作物生长季内（5—9月）表层(0~30 cm)平均土壤湿度的时序特征。结果表明：松嫩平原5个地区土壤湿度年际变化各地区存在较好的一致性，为减小趋势，但看不明显。20世纪80年代松嫩平原大部地区多为土壤湿润阶段，土壤湿度较大，处于偏湿或正常状态，偶有个别市县出现土壤偏干现象，频率较小。20世纪90年代土壤湿度明显下降，土壤逐步由湿润状态向干化态势发展，从20世纪90年代中期开始，土壤多为正常或偏干状态，出现偏干的频率增加，土壤出现变干趋势。基于M-K法分析得出，土壤湿度的趋势变化除南部不明显外，其余各区均表现为明显的下降趋势，且趋势性达到显著性水平。显著的突变年份各不相同：东部地区土壤湿度突变时间为2002年；中部为1991年；北部为1991年；西部为1997年。发生明显突变性演变的地区基本都是从20世纪90年代开始，与年际变化图相比，除南部存在差异外，其余各部分表现基本一致。

关键词: 触杀, 触杀

Abstract: The major factor of restricting grain crop production is soil moisture on the Songnen Plain (Heilongjiang Province), and it is extremely necessary to discuss sequential variation of it for to know developing process during the climate variety of the world. Based on soil moisture during crop growth of every ten-day from 1980 to 2010 of 16 agro-meteorological stations, it had analyzed characteristic of soil moisture space time variation on the 0-30 cm layer in crop growth season by Mann-Kendall method. The results showed that, the variation of topsoil moisture near 30 years coincides with each other in different regions of Songnen Plain, which trend is decreasing. In the 1980s, topsoil of most area had been moist, and individual counties’soil was arid in several years. In the 1990s, the soil moisture had been descending obviously, and it developed from moist to arid step by step, and it had high frequency arid years, that is to say, there is aridity trend. The soil moist of the south area was not decline trending obviously from M-K breakpoint tests. The breakpoint of the north was in 1991, and the east was in 2002, the west was in 1997, and the middle area was in 1991.