欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2014, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (21): 193-198.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3113

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

降水与墒情关系及抗旱需水量评估技术研究

马晓刚 郭婷婷 谢媛 关莉 徐宏光 张青珍 张宏霞 陶倩   

  • 收稿日期:2013-11-26 修回日期:2014-01-27 出版日期:2014-07-25 发布日期:2014-07-25
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省气象局科研项目 “阜新抗旱需水量评估技术研究” (201202)。

Relationships Between Soil Moisture and Precipitation and Study on Assessment Techniques of Resist Droughts

  • Received:2013-11-26 Revised:2014-01-27 Online:2014-07-25 Published:2014-07-25

PDF (PC)

549

摘要： 为了合理开发利用水资源，提高半干旱地区水资源利用率，为现代农业发展提供更精细化的气象服务，通过研究阜新地区土壤水分与降水量关系及特征，找出了阜新地区土壤水分变化规律，并在此基础上，建立了阜新地区农田抗旱需水量评估方法。结果表明：（1）较大降水后，浅层土壤增墒迅速，几小时内土壤重量含水率可达到最大值，并在20 cm左右土壤中形成1个高含水层；深层增墒相对缓慢，需要十几到二十几小时达到最大值；（2）较大降水发生1天后，10~50 cm层土壤重量含水率达到最大值，然后在无降水的情况下土壤重量含水率缓慢下降，基本呈直线型，直到下一次较强降水的到来，重量含水率再次上升；（3）降水增墒速度大于墒情递减速度；（4）受多种因素影响，降水后10~50 cm层各月土壤增墒率和晴好天气下各月逐日土壤墒情递减率有各自的变化规律。其中，4月、7月降水增墒率相对较小，9月最大，8月次之；4月、5月逐日土壤墒情递减率最小，6—9月相对较大，其中，7月最大。土壤墒情递减率对抗旱需水量中流失的水分计算起到重要作用；（5）实际抗旱需水量大于设定重量含水率所需的含水量，因为要考虑土壤蒸发、作物吸收、深层渗透、降水径流等流失的水分；（6）抗旱需水量评估方法对抗旱方面的政府决策气象服务起着重要作用。可用于自然降水对旱情缓解的分析、节水灌溉工程的精细化气象服务等。

关键词: 二次开发, 二次开发

Abstract: In order to rationally develop and utilize the water resources, improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in semi-arid, to provide more fine services for modern agriculture development, based on the study of relationships and characteristics between soil moisture and precipitation in Fuxin to identify Fuxin Region variation of soil moisture, and on this basis, the assessment technology of Fuxin farmland drought water were established. The results showed that: (1) after greater rainfall, shallow soil moisture increased rapidly, soil moisture could reached the maximum within a few hours, and a high aquifer was formed about 20 cm; deep soil moisture was relatively growth slowly, soil moisture reached to a maximum in twenty hours; (2) greater precipitation occurred a day after, 10-50cm layer of soil moisture by weight maximum, then in the absence of precipitation soil moisture content reduced slowly, substantially linear, until the arrival of the next strong rainfall, soil moisture to rise again; (3) affected by many factors, after precipitation, the increased rate of each day soil moisture at 10-50 cm layer and under fine weather, the lapse rate of each day soil moisture had its own variation. Among them, the increased rate of each day soil moisture was relatively small increase in moisture in April, July, September was biggest, in August, followed by; April, May daily soil moisture lapse rate minimum, June to September was relatively large, which, in July the largest. Soil moisture lapse rate in drought water demand calculation played an important role; (4) drought water demand was greater than the actual moisture content of the required set weight water content, soil evaporation due to be considered, crop uptake, deep penetration, precipitation runoff water loss; (5) drought water demand assessment methods of the government decision-making meteorological services played an important role, and could be used for natural precipitation analysis for drought mitigation, water-saving irrigation work fine weather services.