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中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (19): 35-40.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010034

所属专题: 植物保护 园艺

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

微生物农药在我国果树生产中的应用现状与前景

陈 冲,刘 伟,史华平,王芸芸,肖 蓉,于 静,刘靖宇   

  1. 山西农业科学院果树研究所,山西农业科学院果树研究所,山西农业科学院果树研究所,山西农业科学院果树研究所,山西农业科学院果树研究所,山西农业科学院果树研究所,山西农业大学
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-07 修回日期:2015-04-03 接受日期:2015-04-13 出版日期:2015-07-28 发布日期:2015-07-28
  • 通讯作者: 陈 冲
  • 基金资助:
    山西省农科院攻关“微生物菌剂对再植苹果根际微生物群落结构多样性的影响研究”(YGG1408);国家青年自然科学基金“基于2D LC MS/MS技术的金针菇子实体形成分子机制研究”(C1506)

Present Status and Application Perspectives of Microbial Pesticide in Orchards

刘 伟,史华平,王芸芸,, and   

  • Received:2015-01-07 Revised:2015-04-03 Accepted:2015-04-13 Online:2015-07-28 Published:2015-07-28

摘要: 微生物农药分为活体微生物和农用抗生素2类,属于生物农药,在果树病虫害生物防治中的应用越来越广泛。依据微生物农药的特性,对微生物农药的利与弊进行分析,微生物农药具有选择性强、安全性高、产品改良空间大等优点,同时也具有药性慢、易受到环境因素干扰、控制有害生物的范围较窄等需要注意和改进的方面。从生态有机农业的立场,对微生物杀虫剂、微生物杀菌剂和微生物除草剂在果树生产中的应用进行阐述。从产学研一体化的角度,对微生物农药制剂在研究、开发和推广过程中存在的一些问题进行分析,微生物农药成果转化率低、产品良莠不齐、评价体系不健全,在以后的研究中,应加强微生物菌株筛选和商品化开发研究,建立健全微生物农药研究、开发、生产和推广体系。

关键词: 信用风险, 信用风险, 农业银行, RAROC模型

Abstract: Microbial pesticides belong to bio- pesticides and can be divided into two categories: living microorganisms and agricultural antibiotics. Microbial pesticides are more widely used in biological control of fruit pests and diseases. From a dialectical point of view, the pros and cons of microbial pesticides are analyzed according to the characteristics of microbial pesticides. Microbial pesticides have many advantages, such as being safe to non-target organisms, stable controlling effects, having wonderful environmental compatibility and wide resources, etc. There are other aspects of microbial pesticides that we should note and improve, such as slow medicinal effects, being vulnerable to environmental factors and the narrow range of pest control, etc. From the point of ecological organic agriculture, applications of microbial germicides, microbial insecticides and microbial herbicides are elaborated in detail. From the perspective of the integration of research, teaching and production, some problems in the process of microbial pesticides research, development and promotion are analyzed, including low transformation rate of research, mixed product quality, imperfect evaluation system of the products. In future studies, we should strengthen the screening research and commercialization of microbial strains, establish and improve the development, production and marketing system of microbial pesticide.