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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (16): 144-148.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100056

所属专题： 园艺

• 食品 营养 检测 安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

早实类型核桃品种坚果性状及脂肪酸组分分析

王 勇,石美娟,武彦霞,李鸿雁,侯东梅,韩 凤,茹慧玲, 乔永胜,田 鑫,于 静,高 鹏,李一路   

  1. (山西省农业科学院果树研究所,太原 030031）
  • 收稿日期:2015-10-15 修回日期:2016-04-27 接受日期:2016-04-28 出版日期:2016-06-17 发布日期:2016-06-17
  • 通讯作者: 王勇
  • 基金资助:
    山西省科技攻关项目“丘陵山区核桃早期丰产栽培技术体系研究”(20110321006-1)；山西省农业科学院育种工程项目“早实、抗寒、优质核桃新品种选育”(11yzgc084)。

Nuts Traits and Fatty Acid Components of Early-maturing Walnut Varieties

Wang Yong, Shi Meijuan, Wu Yanxia, Li Hongyan, Hou Dongmei, Han Feng, Ru Huiling, Qiao Yongsheng, Tian Xin, Yu Jing, Gao Peng, Li Yilu   

  1. (Fruit Tree Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031)
  • Received:2015-10-15 Revised:2016-04-27 Accepted:2016-04-28 Online:2016-06-17 Published:2016-06-17

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摘要： 为了解不同早实类型核桃品种果实坚果性状及核桃仁中脂肪酸含量的差异性，以17个山西省农科院果树所核桃品种园内早实类型核桃新品种果实为试材，对其坚果性状进行调查测定，并采用气相色谱法，测定了其核桃仁脂肪酸组分。结果表明：17个早实类型核桃新品种中‘金薄香6号’、‘礼品2号’的坚果性状表现突出。17个品种核桃仁中共同检测出6种脂肪酸，包括不饱和脂肪酸：油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸，饱和脂肪酸：棕榈酸、硬脂酸及其他酸等。其中油酸和亚油酸相对总含量占到80%左右，以亚油酸相对含量最高。‘辽宁1号’核桃仁中含油量最高达78.00%，‘薄丰’的最低仅59.40%；且各品种间含油量具有显著差异性。17个早实类型核桃品种中‘扎343’的油麻比最高达12.40%，‘金薄香4号’的最低为3.50%。‘金薄香1号’核桃仁中棕榈酸含量最高达7.30 g/100 g，‘礼品2号’的最低为5.10 g/100 g。在选育油料核桃品种时，要以出油率较高且高油酸、高亚油酸、低亚麻酸含量的品种为最佳试材。经综合比较，‘礼品2号’、‘金薄香6号’、‘扎343’的油酸、亚油酸含量较高，亚麻酸、棕榈酸含量较低，是比较理想的核桃油用品种，为山西省核桃油用型良种的选育和开发利用提供一定的理论依据。

关键词: 作物区试试验, 作物区试试验, 理论产量, 实际产量, 统计方法

Abstract: To understand nuts traits of different early-maturing walnut varieties and the differences of fatty acid content in walnut kernel, taking 17 early-maturing walnut varieties in Shanxi Agriculture Science Institute of Pomology as materials, the nuts traits were researched. Besides, the components of fatty acid were tested with gas chromatography method. The results showed that ‘Jinboxiang 6’ and ‘Lipin 2’ were outstanding in nuts traits among the 17 varieties. There were 6 kinds of fatty acids in all varieties: oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid (unsaturated fatty acid), fatty acids, palm acid, stearic acid (saturated fatty acid). Linoleic acid was the highest component among them, accounting for about 80% and oleic acid was the second highest one which accounted for nearly 80%. The ‘Liaoning 1’ had the highest oil content of 78.00% while ‘Bofeng’ had the lowest of only 59.40%. There were significant differences of oil content among these varieties. Among all the 17 varieties, the rate of oil yield of ‘Zha 343’ was 12.40% which was the highest, while that of ‘Jinboxiang 4’ was the lowest 3.50%. The palm acid of ‘Jinboxiang 1’ reached 7.30 g/100 g, which was the highest, while that of ‘Lipin 2’ was the lowest, which was 5.10 g/100 g. The material with high component of oleic acid and linoleic acid but low component of linolenic acid was the best in walnut variety breeding. Through comprehensive comparison, ‘Lipin 2’, ‘Jinboxiang 6’ and ‘Zha 343’ were the ideal varieties. This thesis could provide certain theoretical basis for walnut breeding and cultivating in Shanxi Province.

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