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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (29): 118-122.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080038

• 畜牧 动物医学 蚕 蜂 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同传粉方式对子莲授粉效果的影响

赵东绪,华启云,苏晓玲,王凌云   

  1. 金华市农业科学研究院,金华市农业科学研究院,金华市农业科学研究院,金华市农业科学研究院
  • 收稿日期:2017-08-08 修回日期:2017-08-22 接受日期:2017-09-28 出版日期:2018-10-15 发布日期:2018-10-15
  • 通讯作者: 华启云
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省特色经济植物生物技术研究重点实验室开放基金资助(Kfjj2016004)；2国家现代农业产业技术体系(蜜蜂)项目(CARS-45-SYZ 16)支助；3金华市农业公益类项目(2016-4-001)。

Effects of Pollination Methods on Pollination of Seed Lotus

赵东绪,, and   

  • Received:2017-08-08 Revised:2017-08-22 Accepted:2017-09-28 Online:2018-10-15 Published:2018-10-15

摘要： [目的]子莲是一种基础产量比较低的植物,需要依赖传粉者的活动才能完成胚珠受精,授粉优劣是直接影响子莲产量与质量的重要因素。[方法]中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂都是理想的授粉昆虫,各有其独特的生物学特性,在抗逆性、采集积极性和采集偏好性等生物学特性方面均存在不同差异。应用意蜂和中蜂为大田子莲授粉,对其采集活动方式与授粉效果进行了对比研究。[结果]1、活动方式结果表明：它们的采集行为相似,但活动方式不同,在夏季高温天气,意蜂较中蜂的采集工作时间要长,因此具有更高的授粉效益。2、授粉效果结果表明：与产量相关的子莲单粒重、接籽率；与商品性相关的莲子纵、横径4项指标,意蜂授粉组与中蜂授粉组之间差异不显著,但与自然授粉组和无虫媒授粉组之间差异显著。其中,意蜂授粉组的平均接籽率最高为87.82%,较自然授粉组和无虫媒授粉组接籽率分别提高33.27%和79.10%；自然授粉组莲子平均单粒重最大达3.68g,显著高于其他授粉类型；无虫媒授粉组较其他授粉组莲子果型最小。同时,与产量相关的子莲蓬粒总重,意蜂授粉组与其他授粉组之间,均差异显著,较中蜂授粉组、自然授粉组和无虫媒授粉组蓬粒总重分别提高25.88%、37.67%和665.50%。[结论]据此得出意蜂与中蜂具有类似的授粉效果,都能够完成授粉任务,意蜂较中蜂授粉能够获得较高的子莲产量,并显著优越于自然授粉与无虫媒授粉方式, 从而产生更高的授粉效益。

Abstract: Seed Lotus, a plant with low basal yield, is dependent on the activities of pollinators to complete ovule fertilization, and the quality of pollination is an important factor that directly affects the yield and quality of the lotus.[Method]Apis cerana Fabricius and Italy bees are the ideal pollinators. Each has its unique biological characteristics, and has differences in biological characteristics, such as stress resistance, collection activity and collection preference. According to Pollinate the lotus seeds with Apis cerana Fabricius and Italy bees, we makes a comparative study between the acquisition activities and the effect of pollination. [Result]The results of activity mode showed that their collection behavior was similar, but the activity patterns were different. During the summer season, the Italy bees work longer than Apis cerana Fabricius, so the Italy bees had higher pollination efficiency. And the results of pollination effect show that there was no significant difference between the Apis cerana Fabricius group and Italy bees group in the 4 indicators, Seed Lotus yield which related single grain weight, seed grafting rate, vertical and horizontal diameter of lotus seeds related to commodity, but significant difference was noted between natural pollination group and entomophily-free group.The average seed picking of Italy bees is the highest rate of 87.82%, which seed rate were increased by 33.27% and 79.10% compared with natural pollination group and entomophily-free group. The lotus seed average single grain weight of the former group is up to 3.68g, significantly higher than any other types of pollination, and lotus fruit type of entomophily-free group is minimum.What’s more, there is a marked difference noted in yield and related sub grain weight between Italian bee pollination group and other groups. Compared with the Chinese, natural’s and entomophily-free group, the production of Italian has increased respectively by 25.88%、37.67% and 665.50%.[Conclusion]For the reasons given above, the pollination effect of Apis cerana Fabricius is similar to that of Italy bees. Both can complete the tasks of pollination. Italian can obtain higher Seed Lotus yield, however, and it is superior to natural pollination and entomophily-free pollination, resulting in higher efficiency of pollination.