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中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 7-14.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100050

所属专题: 园艺

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同施肥管理模式对番茄-黄瓜轮作体系土壤氮素流失及蔬菜产量的影响

刘晓彤1, 赵营1, 罗健航1, 刘超2, 吴涛3, 张学军1   

  1. 1.宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所;2.宁夏农业技术推广总站;3.宁夏青铜峡农技推广中心
  • 收稿日期:2017-10-16 修回日期:2017-12-20 接受日期:2017-12-25 出版日期:2019-01-31 发布日期:2019-01-31
  • 通讯作者: 张学军
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“地下水周年变化对灌区设施菜田土壤氮素损失的影响”(41361062)。

Fertilization Modes Affect Soil Nitrogen Loss in Tomato-Cucumber Rotation System and Vegetable Yield

  • Received:2017-10-16 Revised:2017-12-20 Accepted:2017-12-25 Online:2019-01-31 Published:2019-01-31

摘要: 针对设施蔬菜栽培过程中肥料输入过量造成的土质退化及环境问题,研究番茄-黄瓜长期轮作体系不同施肥模式下土壤氮的淋失动态,及对作物产量影响的作用机理,为研究区域设施农业合理施肥制度的建立提供理论支持。2013—2015 年以宁夏设施番茄-黄瓜轮作体系为研究对象,设置常规施肥(CF)、减量施肥(OF)、减量+麦草(OFM)、有机肥(M)、对照处理(CK)共5 个处理。分析了不同时期土壤氮的淋失动态、淋失量、淋失系数的变化规律,以及不同施肥模式下土壤养分淋失对设施作物产量的作用途径。结果表明,施肥措施都增加了土壤氮素的淋溶,且CF处理下土壤全氮的淋失量最大,相对于对照,不同时期的全氮累计淋失量增加了87.6~141.8 kg/hm2。相对于对照处理,不同施肥处理下作物总累积产量增幅为13.9%~130.6%,其中CF 与OFM处理产量增幅最大,且两者差异之间不显著。CF 模式下,作物产量主要受土壤全氮、硝态氮的淋失影响;而OFM模式下则主要受制于土壤硝态氮的淋失作用。减量施肥+麦草施肥模式可以有效降低土壤氮的淋失量,增加养分的作物有效性,是适合研究区域土壤环境条件的较优施肥模式。

Abstract: Excessive fertilization can cause soil quality decline and serious environmental problems in China. The objectives of this study are to ascertain the effects of different fertilization practices on soil nutrient leaching loss and vegetable yield, and provide a basis for rational fertilization system. A 3- year field experiment was established from 2013 to 2015 in a tomato- cucumber rotation system. Five fertilization treatments, including conventional fertilization (CF), reducing fertilizer application (OF), reducing fertilizer application with straw (OFM), manure (M), and none fertilizer application (CK), were set. The amount and coefficient of soil nutrient leaching loss were determined and the vegetable yields were investigated. The amount of soil total nutrient leaching loss was the greatest in CF, and increased by 87.6-141.8 kg/hm2 when compared with the control. The vegetable total yields increased by 13.9%-130.6% under different fertilizer treatments, and were greater in CF and OFM compared with that of the control. The vegetable yield was restricted by the leaching loss of soil total nutrient, nitric nitrogen in CF, and was restricted by the leaching loss of soil nitric nitrogen in OFM. The mode of reducing fertilizer application with straw could reduce soil nutrient leaching loss and increase nutrients availability to the crop, which is the optimal fertilization scheme in the study area.