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中国农学通报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (29): 76-81.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100052

所属专题: 园艺

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

一种消毒剂对陕西关中东部温室西瓜生长及土壤的影响

贾凯峰,孟 延,问亚军,翟丙年,谢伟,杨晓锋   

  1. 渭南市农业科学研究所,渭南市农业科学研究所,渭南市农业科学研究所,西北农林科技大学,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,渭南市农业科学研究所
  • 收稿日期:2017-10-17 修回日期:2018-09-19 接受日期:2018-01-24 出版日期:2018-10-15 发布日期:2018-10-15
  • 通讯作者: 孟 延
  • 基金资助:
    国家西甜瓜产业技术体系渭南综合试验站项目(CARS-25)。

Effect of a Disinfectant on Greenhouse Watermelon Growth and Soil in Eastern Guanzhong of Shaanxi

  • Received:2017-10-17 Revised:2018-09-19 Accepted:2018-01-24 Online:2018-10-15 Published:2018-10-15

摘要: 渭南是陕西省西瓜种植主产区,但多年连作种植加上不合理的田间管理使得土壤理化性质恶化,病虫害加剧,果实品质下降等问题突出。为了有效地改良土壤环境,促进当地西瓜产业的发展,本试验以小型礼品西瓜 “玲珑王”为供试作物,探究了使用土壤消毒剂之后西瓜的生长、根结线虫发病以及土壤微生物和酶活性的变化。结果表明,西瓜生长后期株高茎粗随着消毒剂浓度的增加都有所增加;植株总鲜重、西瓜产量和含糖量均表现为52.5 kg/ hm2浓度处理最高,亩产比对照高7.30%;随着消毒剂浓度的增加根结线虫发病率降低,二者相关系数为0.747;加入消毒剂之后土壤在0~10与10~20 cm土层细菌总数均低于对照,而四种土壤酶的活性均高于对照,且蔗糖酶与碱性磷酸酶的活性也均表现为52.5 kg/ hm2浓度处理最高。

Abstract: Weinan is a major watermelon cultivation area in Shaanxi. However, continuous cropping and mismanaged field practices have led to local soil deterioration, which causes intensified diseases and pests attack and considerable watermelon quality decrease. To overcome this problem, a disinfectant is applied to local main cultivar, mini watermelon genotype‘Linglongwang’, to explore the effect on greenhouse watermelon growth, incidence of root-knot nematode, microorganism and soil enzymes. The results showed that the plant height and stem diameter increased with the increase of disinfectant concentration in the later growth stage of plant. Total fresh weight, yield and soluble solids all reached the highest under the disinfectant concentration of 52.5 kg/hm2. The yield per hectare also increased by 7.30% compared with that of CK. Moreover, the incidence of root-knot nematode decreased significantly with the increase of disinfectant level, the correlation coefficient was 0.7475. Soil total bacterial count decreased in the 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers after the addition of disinfectant, while the activities of four soil enzymes increased compared with that of CK. The activities of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase were also the highest at 52.5 kg/hm2 level of disinfectant application.