长江镇江和畅洲水域鱼类群落组成及环境影响因子

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0554

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (30): 139-146.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0554

所属专题：水产渔业

长江镇江和畅洲水域鱼类群落组成及环境影响因子

王召根¹(), 曹过², 潘杰¹, 田佳丽³, 王媛³, 刘凯³()

¹江苏镇江长江豚类省级自然保护区管理处,江苏镇江 212000
²上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海 201306
³农业农村部长江下游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,江苏无锡 214081

收稿日期:2020-10-15 修回日期:2021-02-08 出版日期:2021-10-25 发布日期:2021-12-08
通讯作者: 刘凯
作者简介:王召根,男,1987年出生,江苏大丰人,工程师,硕士,主要从事自然生态及渔业资源保护研究。通信地址：212000 江苏省镇江市南徐大道699号镇江市自然资源和规划局南楼306室;E-mail： scwzg163@163.com。
基金资助:
农业财政专项“长江渔业资源与环境调查”(CJDC-2017-22);财政拨款政府性基金项目“三峡工程运行安全综合监测系统水生生物与渔业资源监测站(下游站)”(2019-10-160)

The Fish Community Structure and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Zhenjiang Hechang Section of the Yangtze River

Wang Zhaogen¹(), Cao Guo², Pan Jie¹, Tian Jiali³, Wang Yuan³, Liu Kai³()

¹Zhenjiang Administrative Office of Yangtze Dolphin Provincial Nature Reserve, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212000
²Collage of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306
³Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi Jiangsu 214081

Received:2020-10-15 Revised:2021-02-08 Online:2021-10-25 Published:2021-12-08
Contact: Liu Kai

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解长江镇江段和畅洲鱼类群落组成现状及其与水环境因子的相关性,本研究于2016年11月—2017年10月在长江镇江和畅洲水域进行周年调查,运用冗余分析法(RDA)分析鱼类群落组成与环境因子的相关关系。结果显示,共采集鉴定鱼类79种,隶属于9目17科57属,其中鲤形目鱼类占据绝对优势。部分水环境因子如正磷酸盐、水温、水深对鱼类群落组成具有显著影响(P<0.05),草鱼、鲫与正磷酸盐浓度相关性最大,鳡、贝氏䱗与水深的相关性最大,蒙古鲌、青鱼与水温的相关性最大。潮汐也是影响鱼类群落组成的关键因子,总体上表现为大潮期的渔获物种数和渔获尾数较多,但差异不显著。研究结果补充了长江下游段鱼类的基础数据,对该流域渔业资源评估与保护提供了科学依据。

关键词: 长江镇江段, 和畅洲, 鱼类群落, 水环境因子, 潮汐作用

Abstract:

To study the fish community structure and their correlation with environmental factors in Zhenjiang Hechang section of the Yangtze River, the fishery-annual survey was conducted in November of 2016 to October of 2017. The Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to study the correlation between fish community and environmental factors in this section. A total of 79 species were collected, which belongs to 57 genera, 17 families and 9 orders. The Cypriniformes had the maximum ratio. The results show that orthophosphate, water temperature and water depth have significant influence on the composition of fish community (P<0.05). Ctenopharyngodon idellus and Carassius auratus have the biggest correlation with the concentration of orthophosphate, Elopichthys bambusa and Hemiculter bleekeri have the biggest correlation with the water depth, Culter alburnus and Mylopharyngodon piceus have the biggest correlation with the water temperature. The tide is also a key factor affecting the composition of fish community, which is generally manifested as a large number of fish species and quantity in the spring tide period, but the difference is not significant. The research could supplement the basic data of fish and provide a scientific basis for the assessment and protection of fishery resources in the Yangtze River basin.

Key words: Zhenjiang section of the Yangtze River, Hechang islet, fish community structure, water environmental factor, tidal process

中图分类号:

S931

王召根, 曹过, 潘杰, 田佳丽, 王媛, 刘凯. 长江镇江和畅洲水域鱼类群落组成及环境影响因子[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(30): 139-146.

Wang Zhaogen, Cao Guo, Pan Jie, Tian Jiali, Wang Yuan, Liu Kai. The Fish Community Structure and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Zhenjiang Hechang Section of the Yangtze River[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(30): 139-146.

图/表 10

参考文献 38

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目	科	种			代码
鲽形目Pleuronectiformes	舌鳎科Cynoglossidae	窄体舌鳎Cynoglossus gracilis			ZTS
鲱形目Clupeiformes	鳀科Engraulidae	刀鲚Coilia nasus			DJ
颌针鱼目Beloniformes	鱵科Hemirhamphidae	间下鱵Hyporhamphus intermedius			JXZ
胡瓜鱼目Osmeriformes	银鱼科Salangidae	大银鱼Protosalanx hyalocranius			DYY
胡瓜鱼目Osmeriformes	银鱼科Salangidae	陈氏短吻银鱼Salangichthys tangkahkeii			CSD
鲤形目Cypriniformes	鲤科Cyprinidae	棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis			BHY
		鳊Parabramis pekinensis			BY
		达氏鲌Culter dabryi			DSB
		蒙古鲌Culter mongolicus			MGB
		翘嘴鲌Culter alburnus			QZB
		尖头鲌Culter oxycephalus			QTB
		贝氏?Hemiculter bleekeri			BSC
		?Hemiculter leucisculus			CAN
		草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idellus			CY
		赤眼鳟Squaliobarbus curriculus			CYZ
		团头鲂Megalobrama amblycephala			TTF
		鲂Megalobrama skolkovii			FAN
		武昌副沙鳅Parabotia banarescui			WCF
		鳡Elopichthys bambusa			GAN
		黄尾鲴Xenocypris davidi			HWG
		细鳞鲴Plagiognathops microlepis			XLG
		银鲴Xenocypris argentea			YG
		花?Hemibarbus maculatus			HH
		鲫Carassius auratus			JY
		鲤Cyprinus carpio			LY
		鲢Hypophthalmichthys molitrix			BL
		麦瑞加拉鲮Cirrhinus mrigala			MRL
		麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva			MSY
		高体鳑鲏Rhodeus ocellatus			GTP
		中华鳑鲏Rhodeus sinensis			ZHP
		寡鳞飘鱼Pseudolaubuca engraulis			GLP
		飘鱼Pseudolaubuca sinensis		PY
		青鱼Mylopharyngodon piceus		QY
		花斑副沙鳅Parabbotia fasciata		HBF
		黑鳍鳈Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis		HQQ
		华鳈Sarcocheilichthys sinensis		HQ
		长蛇鮈Saurogobio dumerili		CSJ
		蛇鮈Saurogobio dabryi		SJ
		似鳊Pseudobrama simoni		SB
		似鱎Toxabramis swinhonis		SQ
		铜鱼Coreius heterodon		TY
		银鮈Squalidus argentatus		YJ
		点纹银鮈Squalidus wolterstorffi		DWY
		鳙Aristichthys nobilis		YY
		斑条鱊Acheilognathus taenianalis		BTY
		彩鱊Acheilognathus imberbis		CY
		无须鱊Acheilognathus gracilis		WXY
		兴凯鱊Acheilognathus chankaensis		XKY
		红鳍原鲌Cultrichthys erythropterus		HQY
		圆吻鲴Distoechodon tumirostris		YWG
	鳅科Cobitidae	紫薄鳅Leptobotia taeniops		ZBQ
		大鳞副泥鳅Paramisgurnus dabryanus		DLF
		中华花鳅Cobitis sinensis		ZHH
		泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus		NQ
	胭脂鱼科Catostomidae	胭脂鱼Myxocyprinus asiaticus		YZY
鲈形目Cypriniformes	刺鳅科Mastacembelidae	中华刺鳅Sinobdella sinensis		ZHC
	狼鲈科Moronidae	香斜棘?Repomucenus olidus		XY
	鮨科Serranidae	大眼鳜Siniperca kneri		DYG
		鳜Siniperca chuatsi		GUI
		斑鳜Siniperca scherzeri		BG
		中国花鲈Lateolabrax maculatus		ZGH
	塘鳢科Eleotridae	沙塘鳢Odontobutis obacurus		STL
	塘鳢科Eleotridae	小黄?Micropercops swinhonis		XHY
	虾虎鱼科Gobiidae	纹缟虾虎鱼Tridentiger trigonocephalus		WGX
		矛尾复虾虎鱼Chaeturichthys stigmatias		MWF
		子陵吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius giurinus		ZLW
		波氏吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius cliffordpopei		BSW
	月鳢科Channidae	乌鳢Channa argus		WL
鳗鲡目Anguilliformes	鳗鲡科Anguillidae	鳗鲡Anguilla japonica		ML
鲇形目Siluriformes	鲿科Bagridae	大鳍鳠Mystus macropterus		DQH
		长须黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus eupogon		CXH
		光泽黄颡鱼Pelteobaggrus nitidus		GZH
		黄颡鱼Pelteobaggrus fulvidraco	HSY
		瓦氏黄颡鱼Pelteobaggrus vachelli	WSH
		圆尾拟鲿Pseudobagrus tenuis	YWN
		乌苏里拟鲿Pseudobagrus ussuriensis	WSL
		长吻鮠Leiocassis longirostris	CWW
	鲇科Siluridae	大口鲇Silurus meridionalis	DKN
鲻形目Mugiliformes	鲻科Mugilidae	鲻Mugil cephlus	ZI

目	科	种			代码
鲽形目Pleuronectiformes	舌鳎科Cynoglossidae	窄体舌鳎Cynoglossus gracilis			ZTS
鲱形目Clupeiformes	鳀科Engraulidae	刀鲚Coilia nasus			DJ
颌针鱼目Beloniformes	鱵科Hemirhamphidae	间下鱵Hyporhamphus intermedius			JXZ
胡瓜鱼目Osmeriformes	银鱼科Salangidae	大银鱼Protosalanx hyalocranius			DYY
胡瓜鱼目Osmeriformes	银鱼科Salangidae	陈氏短吻银鱼Salangichthys tangkahkeii			CSD
鲤形目Cypriniformes	鲤科Cyprinidae	棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis			BHY
		鳊Parabramis pekinensis			BY
		达氏鲌Culter dabryi			DSB
		蒙古鲌Culter mongolicus			MGB
		翘嘴鲌Culter alburnus			QZB
		尖头鲌Culter oxycephalus			QTB
		贝氏?Hemiculter bleekeri			BSC
		?Hemiculter leucisculus			CAN
		草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idellus			CY
		赤眼鳟Squaliobarbus curriculus			CYZ
		团头鲂Megalobrama amblycephala			TTF
		鲂Megalobrama skolkovii			FAN
		武昌副沙鳅Parabotia banarescui			WCF
		鳡Elopichthys bambusa			GAN
		黄尾鲴Xenocypris davidi			HWG
		细鳞鲴Plagiognathops microlepis			XLG
		银鲴Xenocypris argentea			YG
		花?Hemibarbus maculatus			HH
		鲫Carassius auratus			JY
		鲤Cyprinus carpio			LY
		鲢Hypophthalmichthys molitrix			BL
		麦瑞加拉鲮Cirrhinus mrigala			MRL
		麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva			MSY
		高体鳑鲏Rhodeus ocellatus			GTP
		中华鳑鲏Rhodeus sinensis			ZHP
		寡鳞飘鱼Pseudolaubuca engraulis			GLP
		飘鱼Pseudolaubuca sinensis		PY
		青鱼Mylopharyngodon piceus		QY
		花斑副沙鳅Parabbotia fasciata		HBF
		黑鳍鳈Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis		HQQ
		华鳈Sarcocheilichthys sinensis		HQ
		长蛇鮈Saurogobio dumerili		CSJ
		蛇鮈Saurogobio dabryi		SJ
		似鳊Pseudobrama simoni		SB
		似鱎Toxabramis swinhonis		SQ
		铜鱼Coreius heterodon		TY
		银鮈Squalidus argentatus		YJ
		点纹银鮈Squalidus wolterstorffi		DWY
		鳙Aristichthys nobilis		YY
		斑条鱊Acheilognathus taenianalis		BTY
		彩鱊Acheilognathus imberbis		CY
		无须鱊Acheilognathus gracilis		WXY
		兴凯鱊Acheilognathus chankaensis		XKY
		红鳍原鲌Cultrichthys erythropterus		HQY
		圆吻鲴Distoechodon tumirostris		YWG
	鳅科Cobitidae	紫薄鳅Leptobotia taeniops		ZBQ
		大鳞副泥鳅Paramisgurnus dabryanus		DLF
		中华花鳅Cobitis sinensis		ZHH
		泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus		NQ
	胭脂鱼科Catostomidae	胭脂鱼Myxocyprinus asiaticus		YZY
鲈形目Cypriniformes	刺鳅科Mastacembelidae	中华刺鳅Sinobdella sinensis		ZHC
	狼鲈科Moronidae	香斜棘?Repomucenus olidus		XY
	鮨科Serranidae	大眼鳜Siniperca kneri		DYG
		鳜Siniperca chuatsi		GUI
		斑鳜Siniperca scherzeri		BG
		中国花鲈Lateolabrax maculatus		ZGH
	塘鳢科Eleotridae	沙塘鳢Odontobutis obacurus		STL
	塘鳢科Eleotridae	小黄?Micropercops swinhonis		XHY
	虾虎鱼科Gobiidae	纹缟虾虎鱼Tridentiger trigonocephalus		WGX
		矛尾复虾虎鱼Chaeturichthys stigmatias		MWF
		子陵吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius giurinus		ZLW
		波氏吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius cliffordpopei		BSW
	月鳢科Channidae	乌鳢Channa argus		WL
鳗鲡目Anguilliformes	鳗鲡科Anguillidae	鳗鲡Anguilla japonica		ML
鲇形目Siluriformes	鲿科Bagridae	大鳍鳠Mystus macropterus		DQH
		长须黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus eupogon		CXH
		光泽黄颡鱼Pelteobaggrus nitidus		GZH
		黄颡鱼Pelteobaggrus fulvidraco	HSY
		瓦氏黄颡鱼Pelteobaggrus vachelli	WSH
		圆尾拟鲿Pseudobagrus tenuis	YWN
		乌苏里拟鲿Pseudobagrus ussuriensis	WSL
		长吻鮠Leiocassis longirostris	CWW
	鲇科Siluridae	大口鲇Silurus meridionalis	DKN
鲻形目Mugiliformes	鲻科Mugilidae	鲻Mugil cephlus	ZI

统计指标	轴1	轴2	轴3	轴4
特征值	0.16	0.24	0.17	0.15
物种与环境的关系	0.71	0	0	0
仅物种	16.2	39.8	56.2	70.9
物种与环境	100	0	0	0
正磷酸盐PO₄^3-	0.66	0.10	0.11	-0.03

统计指标	轴1	轴2	轴3	轴4
特征值	0.16	0.24	0.17	0.15
物种与环境的关系	0.71	0	0	0
仅物种	16.2	39.8	56.2	70.9
物种与环境	100	0	0	0
正磷酸盐PO₄^3-	0.66	0.10	0.11	-0.03

统计指标	轴1	轴2	轴3	轴4
特征值	0.09	0.19	0.17	0.13
物种与环境的关系	0.63	0	0	0
仅物种	9.3	28.5	45	57.5
物种与环境	100	0	0	0
水深	-0.59	-0.27	0.12	0.21

长江镇江和畅洲水域鱼类群落组成及环境影响因子

The Fish Community Structure and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Zhenjiang Hechang Section of the Yangtze River

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