一种并头黄芩新变种研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0435

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究确定一种在河北省小五台山地区出现的白色花冠并头黄芩是一个未被记录的新变种,可以给植物花色遗传变异研究提供新的案例。研究通过资料查询、实地踏查和实验室测定,在河北小五台自然保护区实地调查新变种与原变种的生境条件、分布状况等;实验室测定比对新变种与原变种的黄酮类物质含量和叶绿素含量。通过3年的调查和测定,白色花冠并头黄芩与分布在附近的并头黄芩在花冠颜色上有明显差异,白色花冠可以稳定遗传;白色花冠并头黄芩叶片颜色稍淡,叶绿素含量略低于原变种;黄酮类物质含量约是原变种的1.4倍;白色花冠并头黄芩侧枝细弱、侧根较多细长,与附近并头黄芩侧枝和侧根较少且粗壮有明显差别。经过资料查询及走访咨询,均未查询到白色花冠并头黄芩的资料,白色花冠并头黄芩种群分布特征不符合隐性基因表达的遗传规律,也没有其他杂合体的出现,且与《四川植物志》记录的白花黄芩和《中国植物志》、《河北植物志》报告的4种并头黄芩变种有明显差别,因此,白色花冠并头黄芩是一个新变种,命名为白花并头黄芩(Scutellaria scordifolia var. white corolla),新变种分布在小五台山山涧口东沟。

关键词: 小五台山区, 并头黄芩, 变种, 白色花冠

Abstract:

This study is to determine a new variety of Scutellaria scordifolia with white corolla, which is found in Xiaowutai Mountain area of Hebei Province and not recorded before. The new variety can provide a new case for the genetic variation research of plant flower color. Through information inquiry, field visit and laboratory determination, the habitat conditions and distribution of the new variety and the original variant were investigated in Xiaowutai Mountain Nature Reserve of Hebei Province. The flavonoid content and chlorophyll content of the new variety and the original variant were compared and determined in laboratory. By 3 years’ study, we found that there were obvious differences in corolla color between S. scordifolia with white corolla and S. scordifolia distributed nearby, and white corolla could be inherited stably. The leaf color of S. scordifolia with white corolla was slightly lighter, and the chlorophyll content was slightly lower than that of the original variant. The content of flavonoids was about 1.4 times that of the original variant. The S. scordifolia with white corolla had thin and weak lateral branches and more slender lateral roots, significantly different from those of the nearby S. scordifolia, which had fewer and stronger lateral branches and lateral roots. According to information inquiry and field visit, no record on S. scordifolia with white corolla was found. The population distribution characteristics of S. scordifolia with white corolla do not conform to the genetic law of recessive gene expression, and there are no other heterozygotes. S. scordifolia with white corolla is obviously different from S. spectabilis recorded in Flora of Sichuan and four varieties of S. scordifolia reported by Flora of China and Flora of Hebei. Therefore, the S. scordifolia with white corolla is a new variety, and is named S. scordifolia var. white corolla. The new variety is distributed in Donggou at Shanjiankou in Xiaowutai Mountain area.

Key words: Xiaowutai Mountain area, Scutellaria scordifolia, variety, white corolla

中图分类号:

Q949.4

李联地, 张树梓, 张业飞, 郭娇娇, 任启文, 毕君. 一种并头黄芩新变种研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(13): 71-76.

LI Liandi, ZHANG Shuzi, ZHANG Yefei, GUO Jiaojiao, REN Qiwen, BI Jun. A New Variety of Scutellaria scordifolia[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(13): 71-76.

图/表 8

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植物材料	叶绿素(SPAD)	黄酮类物质/(mg/kg)
并头黄芩	39.8±0.5	99.3±0.01
白色花冠并头黄芩	36.9±0.3	137.7±0.01

植物材料	叶绿素(SPAD)	黄酮类物质/(mg/kg)
并头黄芩	39.8±0.5	99.3±0.01
白色花冠并头黄芩	36.9±0.3	137.7±0.01

变种名称	与原变种特征差异
并头黄芩微柔毛变种 S. scordifolia var. puberula	茎沿棱上被有较密的上曲微柔毛;叶上面疏被但在下面除脉外亦被有紧贴微柔毛。产黑龙江、内蒙古、河北及山西;生于山地草坡上或湿草甸上,海拔1400 m以下
并头黄芩雾灵山变种 S. scordifolia var. wulingshanensis	茎上部及叶上面毛被较密,且系具节长伏毛。产河北（兴隆、承德）及山西（霍县）;见于落叶林下,海拔1500~1650 m
并头黄芩喜沙变种 S. scordifolia var. ammophila	茎只在棱上疏被倒向微柔毛;叶披针状线形至线形,长1.4~4 cm,宽2~6 mm,先端极钝,极全缘或具少数远离的小圆齿,上面无毛,下面只在脉上疏被微柔毛,密生凹点。产黑龙江、辽宁、内蒙古、河北北部、陕西;见于海拔1400 m以下的砂地上
并头黄芩多毛变种 S. scordifolia var. villosissima	茎密被上曲的短柔毛,尤其在棱及茎上部为甚;叶两面密被紧贴的短柔毛;花萼及花冠的毛被密集,密被短柔毛,有时混生腺毛。产青海东部、甘肃、陕西、山西西部以及河南西部;生于山地草坡或松林下,海拔1475~1900 m
白花并头黄芩变种 S. scordifolia var. white corolla	花冠白色,叶片颜色呈浅绿色与原种深绿色有差异,分枝多、细弱,侧根多、细长。生于林缘草地,海拔1400~1500 m

变种名称	与原变种特征差异
并头黄芩微柔毛变种 S. scordifolia var. puberula	茎沿棱上被有较密的上曲微柔毛;叶上面疏被但在下面除脉外亦被有紧贴微柔毛。产黑龙江、内蒙古、河北及山西;生于山地草坡上或湿草甸上,海拔1400 m以下
并头黄芩雾灵山变种 S. scordifolia var. wulingshanensis	茎上部及叶上面毛被较密,且系具节长伏毛。产河北（兴隆、承德）及山西（霍县）;见于落叶林下,海拔1500~1650 m
并头黄芩喜沙变种 S. scordifolia var. ammophila	茎只在棱上疏被倒向微柔毛;叶披针状线形至线形,长1.4~4 cm,宽2~6 mm,先端极钝,极全缘或具少数远离的小圆齿,上面无毛,下面只在脉上疏被微柔毛,密生凹点。产黑龙江、辽宁、内蒙古、河北北部、陕西;见于海拔1400 m以下的砂地上
并头黄芩多毛变种 S. scordifolia var. villosissima	茎密被上曲的短柔毛,尤其在棱及茎上部为甚;叶两面密被紧贴的短柔毛;花萼及花冠的毛被密集,密被短柔毛,有时混生腺毛。产青海东部、甘肃、陕西、山西西部以及河南西部;生于山地草坡或松林下,海拔1475~1900 m
白花并头黄芩变种 S. scordifolia var. white corolla	花冠白色,叶片颜色呈浅绿色与原种深绿色有差异,分枝多、细弱,侧根多、细长。生于林缘草地,海拔1400~1500 m