机遇与挑战：多年生作物研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0565

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (35): 9-19.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0565

机遇与挑战：多年生作物研究进展

王凯¹(), 李洁¹, 范优荣¹^,²(), 杨江义¹^,²()

¹ 广西大学生命科学与技术学院，南宁 530004
² 亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室，南宁 530004

收稿日期:2023-08-15 修回日期:2023-10-11 出版日期:2023-12-11 发布日期:2023-12-11
通讯作者:
杨江义，男，云南大理人，教授，博士，主要从事水稻分子生物学研究。通信地址：530004 广西南宁市西乡塘区大学东路100号广西大学生命科学与技术学院。Tel：0771-3231474，Email：yangjy598@163.com；
范优荣，女，湖北孝感人，讲师，博士，主要从事水稻分子生物学研究。通信地址：530004广西南宁市西乡塘区大学东路100号广西大学生命科学与技术学院，E-mail：fanyourred@163.com。
作者简介:
王凯，男，1992年出生，山东临沂人，博士，主要从事长雄蕊野生稻根状茎研究。通信地址：530004 广西南宁市西乡塘区大学东路100号广西大学生命科学与技术学院，E-mail：wangkai2011@foxmail.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“多年生水稻根状茎调控基因TUX1的克隆和机理研究”(32360149); 广西科技计划广西科技基地与人才专项“野生稻基因资源的发掘与利用创新创业青年人才培养示范”(AD19110145); 广西大学“高层次专业技术人才培养工程”学术名师培养计划项目(XMPZ160942); 广西大学学术带头人科研基金项目(XTZ131548)

Opportunities and Challenges: Research Advances of Perennial Crops

WANG Kai¹(), LI Jie¹, FAN Yourong¹^,²(), YANG Jiangyi¹^,²()

¹ College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004
² State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning 530004

Received:2023-08-15 Revised:2023-10-11 Published-:2023-12-11 Online:2023-12-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着全球气候的急剧变化，人们期望改变传统的农业生产模式，建立可持续性发展的低碳绿色农业生产体系。中国的粮食作物种植收益低，年轻人不愿意从事农业生产，耕地撂荒问题愈发严重。传统农作物大都是一年生作物，生产中需要使用大量的化肥、农药，由此带来了严重的环境生态问题；此外，经过长期人为选择的一年生作物，普遍对环境变化的适应能力较弱，越来越难以适应复杂的气候变化。而多年生粮食作物的生命周期较长，可以连续多年生长，比一年生作物的自然资源利用率更高、劳动力投入更少、环境适应力更强。而且多年生作物一般根系发达，除了可以减少水土流失，还能减少碳元素从土壤向大气中的转移，有利于截留更多的碳、发展低碳绿色农业。因此，发展多年生作物是目前实现农业可持续发展的重要途经之一。目前，多年生作物的培育还存在着一定的困难，不过新技术的出现和发展大大加速了多年生作物驯化过程，在改良多年生作物农艺性状的同时，保持与多年生有关的生长特性。

关键词: 多年生作物, 一年生作物, 克隆植物, 从头驯化, 地下茎

Abstract:

With the rapid changes of global climate, people expect to change traditional agricultural production models and establish a sustainable low-carbon and green agricultural production system. The income from grain crop cultivation in China is not enough. Young people are unwilling to engage in agricultural production, and the phenomenon of abandoned farmland is becoming increasingly serious. Most of the traditional crops are annual crops, and large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are required in crop production, which has brought serious environmental and ecological problems. In addition, annual crops that have been artificially domestication for a long time generally have weak adaptability to environmental changes which leads to increasingly difficult to adapt to complex climate changes. Perennial crops have a longer life cycle and can grow continuously for many years. Compared with annual crops, perennial crops have higher natural resource utilization efficiency, less labor input, and stronger environmental adaptability. Moreover, the well-developed root systems of perennial crops can not only reduce soil erosion but also reduce the carbon elements transfer from the soil to the atmosphere, which is beneficial for retaining more carbon in soil and developing low-carbon green agriculture. Therefore, developing perennial crops is currently one of the important ways to achieve sustainable agricultural development, but there are still some challenges in the breeding of perennial crops. However, the emergence and development of new technologies have greatly accelerated the domestication process of perennial crops, and improve their agronomic traits while maintain their growth characteristics related to perenniality.

Key words: perennial crop, annual crop, clonal plant, de novo domestication, underground stem

王凯, 李洁, 范优荣, 杨江义. 机遇与挑战：多年生作物研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(35): 9-19.

WANG Kai, LI Jie, FAN Yourong, YANG Jiangyi. Opportunities and Challenges: Research Advances of Perennial Crops[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(35): 9-19.

图/表 3

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常用名称	野生亲缘物种	定位QTL	相关研究
Rice (Oryza sativa)	Oryza.longistaminata,	Rhizatomous growth (Rhz2, Rhz3, qRHZ-3-1, qRHZ-4, qRHI-2, qRHI-5), Extension distance of rhizome (qRED1.2, qRED3.1, qRED3.3, qRED4.1, qRED4.2)	[35-36,74]
Rye (Secale cereale)	Secale strictum (S. monatum)	Perenniality (QTL-P2，QTL-P3，QTL-P4，QTL-P5，QTL-P7)	[77]
Sorghum (S. bicolor)	S.halepense, Sorghum propinquum	Presence of rhizome (qRZ1.1, qRZ3.2, qRZ7.1, qRZ8.1)	[76]
Maize (Z. mays)	ZeadiploperennisZea perennis	Perennial regrowth (reg1, reg2, reg3), presence of rhizome (umc134, umc132)	[78-80]
Wildrye (Lemus cinereus)	Leymustriticoides	Rhizome development (LG-2a，LG-3a，LG-3b，LG-6a)	[81]

常用名称	野生亲缘物种	定位QTL	相关研究
Rice (Oryza sativa)	Oryza.longistaminata,	Rhizatomous growth (Rhz2, Rhz3, qRHZ-3-1, qRHZ-4, qRHI-2, qRHI-5), Extension distance of rhizome (qRED1.2, qRED3.1, qRED3.3, qRED4.1, qRED4.2)	[35-36,74]
Rye (Secale cereale)	Secale strictum (S. monatum)	Perenniality (QTL-P2，QTL-P3，QTL-P4，QTL-P5，QTL-P7)	[77]
Sorghum (S. bicolor)	S.halepense, Sorghum propinquum	Presence of rhizome (qRZ1.1, qRZ3.2, qRZ7.1, qRZ8.1)	[76]
Maize (Z. mays)	ZeadiploperennisZea perennis	Perennial regrowth (reg1, reg2, reg3), presence of rhizome (umc134, umc132)	[78-80]
Wildrye (Lemus cinereus)	Leymustriticoides	Rhizome development (LG-2a，LG-3a，LG-3b，LG-6a)	[81]

通用名	物种	杂交成功的多年生亲缘植物
Barley	Hordeum vulgare	Hordeum jubatum
Chickpea	Cicer arietinum	Cicer anatolicum
Chickpea	Cicer arietinum	Cicer songaricum
Common bean	Phaseolus vulgaris	—
Maize	Zea mays	Zea mays ssp. diploperennis
Maize	Zea mays	Tripsacumdactyloides
Oat	Avena sativa	Avena macrostachya
Peanut	Arachis hypogea	—
Pearl millet	Pennisetum glaucum	Pennisetum purpureum
Rape	Brassica campestris	—
Rice	Oryza sativa	Oryza rufipogon
Rice	Oryza sativa	Oryza longistaminata
Sorghum	Sorghum bicolor	Sorghum propinquum
Sorghum	Sorghum bicolor	Sorghum halepense
Soybean	Glycine max	Glycine tomentella
Sunflower	Helianthus annuus	Helianthus maximiliani
		Helianthus rigidus
		Helianthus tuberosus
Wheat	Triticum spp.	Thinpoyrum spp.
		Elymus spp.
		Leymus spp.
		Agropyron spp.

通用名	物种	杂交成功的多年生亲缘植物
Barley	Hordeum vulgare	Hordeum jubatum
Chickpea	Cicer arietinum	Cicer anatolicum
Chickpea	Cicer arietinum	Cicer songaricum
Common bean	Phaseolus vulgaris	—
Maize	Zea mays	Zea mays ssp. diploperennis
Maize	Zea mays	Tripsacumdactyloides
Oat	Avena sativa	Avena macrostachya
Peanut	Arachis hypogea	—
Pearl millet	Pennisetum glaucum	Pennisetum purpureum
Rape	Brassica campestris	—
Rice	Oryza sativa	Oryza rufipogon
Rice	Oryza sativa	Oryza longistaminata
Sorghum	Sorghum bicolor	Sorghum propinquum
Sorghum	Sorghum bicolor	Sorghum halepense
Soybean	Glycine max	Glycine tomentella
Sunflower	Helianthus annuus	Helianthus maximiliani
		Helianthus rigidus
		Helianthus tuberosus
Wheat	Triticum spp.	Thinpoyrum spp.
		Elymus spp.
		Leymus spp.
		Agropyron spp.

机遇与挑战：多年生作物研究进展

Opportunities and Challenges: Research Advances of Perennial Crops

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