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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (26): 13-19.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0765

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

气候变化背景下农业灾害防控技术的创新与应用

史晓婧()   

  1. 栖霞市农业农村局， 山东栖霞 265300
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-08 修回日期:2025-08-10 出版日期:2025-10-12 发布日期:2025-10-12
  • 作者简介:

    史晓婧，女，1982年出生，高级农艺师，本科，研究方向：农业。通信地址：265300 山东烟台栖霞市凤翔路289号 栖霞市农业农村局，E-mail：。

Innovation and Application of Agricultural Disaster Prevention and Control Technology Under Background of Climate Change

SHI Xiaojing()   

  1. Qixia City Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qixia, Shandong 265300
  • Received:2025-06-08 Revised:2025-08-10 Published:2025-10-12 Online:2025-10-12

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摘要：

为应对全球气候变化引发的农业灾害挑战，保障粮食安全并促进农业可持续发展，本研究综合采用文献分析、试验验证与案例剖析相结合的方法，系统开展农业灾害防控技术创新与应用研究。首先梳理国内外农业灾害防控先进理念与技术前沿，明确当前技术发展方向。其次结合中国实际，分析农业生产面临的自然灾害频发、生态环境压力大、技术应用瓶颈等现实挑战，以及科技成果转化率低、技术普及滞后、资源配置不均衡等核心问题。在此基础上，确立“十五五”期间农业科技创新的目标、重点方向和任务清单，并通过中国西北干旱区智能灌溉和东部沿海盐碱地基因编辑水稻等典型案例进行实证分析。研究发现，科技创新是突破农业灾害防控困境的关键。提出的政策扶持、成果转化机制优化和国际合作等系统性保障措施，旨在加速科技成果落地应用，为全球气候变化背景下的农业防灾减灾提供实践参考，助力农业现代化与可持续发展。本研究成果为制定面向未来的国家农业科技政策与战略规划提供了坚实的理论与实践依据。

关键词: 气候变化适应, 农业灾害防控, 农业科技创新, 智慧农业, 基因编辑技术, 粮食安全

Abstract:

In response to the challenges posed by agricultural disasters triggered by global climate change, this study aims to enhance the resilience and adaptability of agricultural systems, safeguard food security, and promote sustainable agricultural development. By integrating literature analysis, experimental verification, and case analysis, this research systematically explores the innovation and application of agricultural disaster prevention and control technologies. Firstly, it reviews advanced concepts and technological frontiers in agricultural disaster prevention and control both domestically and internationally, clarifying the current directions of technological development. Secondly, considering China's specific conditions, it analyzes the practical challenges faced by agricultural production, such as frequent natural disasters, significant ecological and environmental pressures, and technological application bottlenecks. Additionally, it addresses core issues such as the low conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements, lagging technology popularization, and uneven resource allocation. Based on these findings, the objectives, key directions, and task lists for agricultural scientific and technological innovation during the '15th Five-Year Plan' period are established. Cases such as the application of intelligent irrigation systems in the arid regions of Northwest China and the practice of gene-edited rice in saline-alkali soils along the eastern coast are presented. Finally, safeguard measures are proposed from three aspects: policy support, optimization of achievement conversion mechanisms, and international cooperation. The research indicates that technological innovation is crucial for overcoming the difficulties in agricultural disaster prevention and control. The relevant technological paths and strategies can provide practical references for agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation under global climate change, thereby facilitating agricultural modernization and sustainable development.

Key words: climate change adaptation, agricultural disaster prevention and control, agricultural technological innovation, smart agriculture, genetic editing technology, food security