Abstract: This paper reviewed the developing history of crop cultivation in China and four developing stages which include foundation, standstill, resumption and acceleration, consolidation and improvement. It summarized three main social contributions and three main self-made achievements of crop cultivation since 1949, at the same time, it analyzed ten main problems at present. This science is developing towards regionalization, specialization, large scale, standardization, conciseness and industrialization according to the objective of high yield, high quality, good efficiency and benefit, enough safety and ecology. A lot of problems of Chinese agriculture, countryside and peasant are still solved by crop cultivation, no subjects can take place of it, so the burden is heavy and the road is long and assuming gloomy prospects in the science of crop cultivation.