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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 133-141.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0787

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

土壤养分速测技术和应用综述

王志平1(), 石颜通1, 聂青1, 胡潇怡1, 安顺伟1, 王福利1, 曲明山1, 徐进1(), 肖婷2, 高飞3, 张春红3   

  1. 1 北京市农业技术推广站, 北京 100029
    2 北京市农业农村科技发展中心, 北京 101117
    3 北京市耕地建设保护中心, 北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-16 修回日期:2026-02-13 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-04-23
  • 通讯作者:
    徐进,男,1982年出生,山西定襄人,正高级农艺师,硕士,研究方向:蔬菜栽培及农业低碳发展。通信地址:100029 朝阳区惠新里高原街甲十号 北京市农业技术推广站低碳发展科,Tel:010-84635724,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    王志平,女,1971年出生,山西原平人,正高级农艺师,硕士,研究方向:节水农业、土壤肥料及农业低碳发展。通信地址:100029 朝阳区惠新里高原街甲十号 北京市农业技术推广站低碳发展科,Tel:010-84635724,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助“集约化蔬菜产区面源污染防控及绿色发展技术集成示范”(2024YFD1701100)

Overview of Soil Nutrient Rapid Analysis Technology and Application

WANG Zhiping1(), SHI Yantong1, NIE Qing1, HU Xiaoyi1, AN Shunwei1, WANG Fuli1, QU Mingshan1, XU Jin1(), XIAO Ting2, GAO Fei3, ZHANG Chunhong3   

  1. 1 Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing 100029
    2 Development Center of Science and Technology, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 101117
    3 Beijing Cultivated Land Construction and Protection Center, Beijing 100101
  • Received:2024-12-16 Revised:2026-02-13 Published:2026-04-25 Online:2026-04-23

摘要:

传统土壤养分检测方法因存在实验室要求高、流程复杂、成本昂贵、周期长等问题,导致时效性差、应用受限。为解决这一问题,本文综述了国内外广泛应用的土壤养分速测方法,重点比较了ASI批量速测法、2010年农业部行业标准有效氮磷钾联合浸提法、华南农大养分速测箱技术以及光谱速测技术,并分析了它们与传统检测方法的差异。结果表明:ASI法适于大规模样品快速分析,但仍依赖高标准实验室和精密仪器;联合浸提法通过简化浸提流程降低了成本,华南农大速测箱技术以其便携性、易操作和成本低适于田间快速诊断,但这2种速测方法仍需借助光电比色计或分光光度计;光谱技术具有无损、快速的优势,适合于大面积地块养分速测,但仪器成本昂贵,且模型准确性受土壤类型和水分含量影响显著。当前速测技术在精度、准确度和适用范围等方面仍存在挑战。未来,土壤养分速测技术将向小型化、智能化、高通量与多参数同步测定方向发展,并结合无人机遥感等技术拓展应用场景。为提升其应用价值,亟需建立完善的速测方法数据质控体系,构建基于大数据和人工智能的区域校正模型,并加强基层技术推广与服务。

关键词: 土壤养分速测方法, 仪器设备, 使用特点, 问题和发展趋势

Abstract:

Traditional soil nutrient detection methods have problems such as high laboratory requirements, cumbersome procedures, high costs, and long cycles, resulting in poor timeliness and limited application. In order to solve the problem, the soil nutrient rapid detection methods widely used at home and abroad were sorted out. The ASI batch soil nutrient efficient rapid detection technology, the effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined extraction and analysis method of the Ministry of Agriculture Industry Standard in 2010, and the spectral soil nutrient rapid detection technology and the soil nutrient rapid detection box technology developed by South China Agricultural University were systematically compared with the traditional analysis methods. The results showed: The ASI method was suitable to batch soil nutrient rapid analysis for large quantity samples, but required expensive instruments, equipment and laboratory; the combined extraction and analysis method needed complex reagents with decreased cost, the soil nutrient rapid detection box technology were portable and simple, and could be applied to field diagnosis, these two soil nutrient rapid analysis methods still needed the help of electrophotometer or spectrophtometer. Spectrum rapid technology can obtain results quickly without destroy to soil, which is adaptable to large area of land. However, the instrument is expensive, and the accuracy of the model is significantly affected by soil type and moisture content. At present, there are still challenges in accuracy and application scope of the rapid detection technology. In the future, soil nutrient rapid detection technology will develop in the direction of miniaturization, intelligence, high-throughput and multi-parameter synchronous measurement, and expand application scenarios in combination with UAV remote sensing and other technologies. In order to improve its application value, it is urgent to establish a perfect data quality control system for rapid detection methods, construct a regional correction model based on big data and artificial intelligence, and strengthen the promotion and service of grassroots technology.

Key words: soil nutrient rapid analysis method, equipment and application, using character, problem and development trend

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