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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2011, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (16): 248-254.

所属专题： 园艺

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同N、P、K水平施肥对春石斛营养生长和开花的影响

王再花 操君喜 朱根发 章金辉 叶庆生   

  • 收稿日期:2010-12-20 修回日期:2011-03-07 出版日期:2011-07-05 发布日期:2011-07-05
  • 基金资助:

    春石斛药效成分差异比较分析

Effects of Different N, P, K Levels on Growth and Flowering of Nobile-type Dendrobium

  • Received:2010-12-20 Revised:2011-03-07 Online:2011-07-05 Published:2011-07-05

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摘要：

为探明杂交后代春石斛‘10213’（Dendrobium frigdaas ‘Little Bee’）营养生长特性和施肥的最佳效果，研究N、P、K 3因子3水平（L9(33)）施肥对春石斛‘10213’营养生长和开花的影响。结果表明，春石斛‘10213’的株高、假鳞茎茎粗及叶片数增长在不同月份呈现动态变化，主茎的生长主要集中在4—8月，其中7月为生长高峰期；9—10月，主茎生长减缓，止叶开始形成，假鳞茎逐渐成熟。与对照相比，不同N、P、K水平处理明显加快主茎的生长和正常开花，并且开花时间明显提前2周左右，其中最利于植株营养生长的施肥组合为N3P1K3，最利于开花的施肥组合为N1P3K3。N是影响主茎生长的主要因素，其次为K、P；同时，N是影响植物矿质元素吸收的主要因素，它与植物叶片全氮、磷、钾含量呈正相关；其次为K，它与植物全K含量呈正相关。但过高N水平处理不利于假鳞茎的增粗和叶片全Ga和全Mg的吸收。

关键词: 改革探索, 改革探索

Abstract:

In order to search the best effects of the fertilizing treatment of Dendrobium frigdaas ‘Little Bee’, the vegetative growth and flowering have been studied with different time and regime by the orthogonal experiment design L9(33). The results indicated that the vigorous growth period of Dendrobium frigdaas ‘Little Bee’ was from April to August, and the mature period of that was from September to October. Compared with the control, the treatments were more effective for vegetative growth and normal flower induction of Dendrobium frigdaas ‘Little Bee’(P<0.05). Among the treatments, N3P1K3 was the optimal condition to speeding up the growth of the plants, and N1P3K3 was the most effective for in vivo flowering, about two weeks advanced to the emergence for flowers. N at higher concentration was more effective for vegetative growth than that of lower does. The effects of fertilization were in order of N>K>P in the growth period. Meanwhile, N at higher concentration promoted mineral elements of leaf N, P, K absorbing better than that of lower does. However, the perimeter of the shoots and mineral elements of leaf Ca, Mg were lower under N at higher concentration than that of lower dose.