Abstract: The achievement of anther culture which has been carried out Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences for thirty years are reviewed. Anther culture technique on cold region rice is introduced. Nine anther culture varieties including Hejiang21 are identified and popularized. The cumulative cultivated area reach 1.5 million hectares. Moreover, lots of new germplasm are widely used in improving varieties. It is verified by the fact that japonica rice anther culture has many advantages, for example small mummer of population, early stable generation and high selection efficiency etc. Anther culture is a powerful method for japonica rice breeding in cold region.