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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2012, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (25): 265-271.

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物有机肥对土壤理化、生物性状和香蕉生长的影响

张金妹 田世尧 李扇妹 刘传和 梁容森 匡石滋   

  • 收稿日期:2012-04-12 修回日期:2012-06-11 出版日期:2012-09-05 发布日期:2012-09-05

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer Application on the Growth of Banana and the Physical-chemical Properties of Soil

  • Received:2012-04-12 Revised:2012-06-11 Online:2012-09-05 Published:2012-09-05

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摘要：

为了探索生物有机肥在香蕉生产中的作用效果，采用大田试验，以生物有机肥为基肥和追肥2种施用方式，分析土壤容重、土壤孔隙度、田间持水量，测定土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾含量、土壤微生物生物量，调查香蕉茎叶生长、香蕉产量及果实性状等，为生物有机肥的合理施用提供理论依据。结果表明：施用生物有机肥后，蕉园土壤容重降低0.83%~10.0%，土壤孔隙度提高2.42%~10.06%，田间持水量增加10.03%~23.79%；土壤有机质含量提高4.28%~15.04%，N、P、K含量分别增加5.26%~22.22%、0.04%~6.01%、2.96%~13.97%；土壤微生物生物量碳、氮分别比对照提高0.05%~8.98%和4.87%~145.27%；香蕉叶片N、P、K养分含量分别提高0.94%~1.41%、5.88%~27.94%、0.65%~4.88%，总叶绿素含量提高了6.62%~8.61%；且对香蕉生长有明显的促进作用，香蕉假茎高度增加了2.12%~22.74%，假茎围和绿叶数也有所增加；香蕉产量提高了7.9%~12.7%，并有效改善了香蕉果品品质。施用生物有机肥是改善蕉园土壤理化性状，提高土壤有效养分含量，增强微生物活性，促进香蕉生长，提高产量和果品质量的有效途径。

关键词: 果实性状, 果实性状

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of bio-organic fertilizers as both base fertilizer and top-dressing in the process of banana production. The physic-chemical characteristics of soil, such as bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity, organic matter components, N, P and K, and soil microorganisms were assessed. And the stem growth, fruits features and productivity were investigated. The results showed that, the bulk density of soil decreased by 0.83%-10.0% after the application of bio-organic fertilizers. The porosity increased by 2.42%-10.06%, the soil water holding capacity increased by 10.03%-23.79%, the soil organic matter component increased by 10.03%-23.79%, and N, P and K increased by 5.26%-22.22%, 0.04%-6.01%, 2.96%-13.97%, respectively. Compared with the control group, the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen increased by 0.05%-8.98% and 4.87%-145.27% respectively, the N, P, and K content in banana leaves increased by 0.94%-1.41%, 5.88%-27.94%, 0.65%-4.88% respectively, and the total chlorophyll content increased by 2.12%~22.74%. The application of bio-organic fertilizers significantly facilitated the banana plant growth, as shown by the extended height (2.12%-22.74%) and circumference of banana pseudostem and increased number of green leaves. The fruit productivity was promoted by a quantity of 7.9%-12.7%, and the fruit quality improved as well. The application of bio-organic fertilizers was an effective way to amend soil, increasing its nutrient contents and microbial activity, as well as promote the growth of banana plantraising its productivity and fruit quality.