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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 47-53.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1297

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

怒江中游流域土壤主要肥力指标分析与评价

赵宏,胡兴钢,张乃明,郝斐   

  1. 云南农业大学,云南农业大学,云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南农业大学资源与环境学院
  • 收稿日期:2014-05-05 修回日期:2017-01-17 接受日期:2014-05-27 出版日期:2017-03-01 发布日期:2017-03-01
  • 通讯作者: 赵宏
  • 基金资助:
    “云南省怒江州怒江中下游水电开发农业产业规划专题”(2010CA010)

Analysis and Evaluation of Main Fertility Index of the Middle Reaches of the Nujiang Basin

赵宏,, and   

  • Received:2014-05-05 Revised:2017-01-17 Accepted:2014-05-27 Online:2017-03-01 Published:2017-03-01

摘要： 为了指导怒江中游流域的农业生产实践，提高生产效益，减少化肥成本投入，同时减少氮磷流失造成的水体污染产生积极影响。通过对怒江中游流域的贡山、福贡、泸水3个县的110个土壤样品进行常量营养元素含量测定和统计分析，分析与评价3个县土壤的酸碱度状况和主要肥力指标。结果表明：怒江中游流域110个土壤样品pH最小的为5.5，最大的为7.5，平均pH 6.5，变异系数为7.47%。大部分土壤呈现中性，部分土壤呈现酸性和弱酸性，不利于作物的生长，还会使肥料的利用率下降，部分土壤呈弱碱性，会增加氨的挥发性从而降低氮肥的肥效，处于碱性的土壤会使土壤中微量营养元素的吸收率降低，因此建议采取施用酸碱调节剂来调节土壤pH，使土壤pH适宜作物的农业生产。有机质含量为6.0~34.0 g/kg，平均值为18.20 g/kg，变异系数为38.81%。土壤有机质总体含量处于偏低水平，需要补充有机肥，提高土壤的有机质含量。土壤全氮含量在0.31~1.70 g/kg之间，平均含量为1.24 g/kg，变异系数为26.71%。土壤全氮含量处于中等水平，需要在全氮含量较低的土壤耕地增值氮肥，提高土壤的供氮能力。土壤碱解氮含量的最小值为11.6 mg/kg，最大值为128.6 mg/kg，平均含量值为81.8 mg/kg，其变异系数为29.79%。土壤速效磷含量最小值仅为0.1 mg/kg，最大值为36.2 mg/kg，平均值为15.4 mg/kg；其变异系数为60.69%。土壤速效磷含量变异程度较大，需要在缺磷的土壤增施磷肥，提高土壤的供磷能力。速效钾的含量范围在19.3~110.0 mg/kg之间，平均含量为62.8 mg/kg，变异系数33.98%。大部分土壤需要增施钾肥，提高土壤的供钾能力，来提高作物的产量和品质。为此提出了在施用氮磷肥料的同时调控土壤酸碱性，来提高土壤氮磷肥料利用率，根据实际耕地情况增施有机肥、钾肥的施肥建议。

关键词: 巴彦县, 巴彦县

Abstract: The study aims to guide agricultural production practices in the middle reaches of the Nujiang Basin, improve production efficiency, cut the cost of fertilizer inputs and to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss caused by water pollution. Through nutritive element content determination and statistical analysis of 110 soil samples from Gongshan, Fugong, Lushui of midstream of Nujiang Basin, the authors analyzed and evaluated soil pH conditions and fertility indicators in the three counties. The results showed that: pH of 110 soil samples ranged between 5.5 and 7.5, with an average of 6.5 and coefficient of variation of 7.47%. Most soil appears neutral, some soil was acidity and weak acid, not conducive to the growth of crops and could reduce the utilization rate of fertilizer; some soil was weakly alkaline, which could increase ammonia volatile to reduce nitrogen fertilizer utilization. Alkaline soil could reduce the absorption ratio of nutritive elements in the soil,therefore alkaline pH regulator was recommended to improve soil pH, made it suitable for agricultural samples was 6.0 g/kg to 34.0 g/kg, with an average of 18.20 g/kg and coefficient of variation of 38.81%. The overall content of soil organic matter was low, and needed more organic fertilizer to improve soil organic matter content. Soil TN content was between 0.31 g/kg and 1.70 g/kg, the average content was 1.24 g/kg, and the coefficient of variation was 26.71%. Soil TN content was at medium level, soil with lower total nitrogen needed more nitrogen fertilizer to improve soil nitrogen supply ability. Soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content was between 11.6 mg/kg and 128.6 mg/kg, with an average of 81.8 mg/kg and coefficient of variation of 29.79%. Soil available phosphorus content was between 0.1 mg/kg and 36.2 mg/kg, with an average of 15.4 mg / kg and coefficient of variation of 60.69%. Soil available phosphorus content variation was considerable, soil of phosphorus deficiency needed more phosphorus fertilizer to improve the soil fertility. Soil available potassium content ranged between 19.3 mg/kg and 110.0 mg/kg, with an average of 62.8 mg/kg and the coefficient of variation of only 33.98%. Most soil needed potassium fertilizer to improve soil potassium content and increase crop yield and quality. Therefore, the authors suggested that the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer should go along with the control and regulation of soil pH to improve the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, and cultivating land according to local condition by application of organic and potash fertilizer.