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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (14): 8-12.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050073

所属专题： 水稻

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同地力条件下栽培密度对超级稻产量及养分吸收影响

张艳峰1, 李冬初2, 刘淑军2, 高菊生2, 秦道珠2, 蒋小军3   

  1. 1.永州市农业委种子管理站;2.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;3.永州市农业科学研究所
  • 收稿日期:2018-05-14 修回日期:2018-07-11 接受日期:2018-07-25 出版日期:2019-05-15 发布日期:2019-05-15
  • 通讯作者: 李冬初
  • 基金资助:
    现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金“国家水稻产业技术体系祁阳综合试验站”(CARS-01-83)；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专 项资金“红壤有机碳固定效率、潜力及田间验证”(1610132016056)。

Effect of Cultivation Density on Grain Yield of Super Hybrid Rice and Nutrients Absorption Under Different Soil Fertilities

  • Received:2018-05-14 Revised:2018-07-11 Accepted:2018-07-25 Online:2019-05-15 Published:2019-05-15

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摘要： 为研究合适的栽培密度对优化水稻群体结构和水稻高产栽培模式的影响，选择高肥力和中低肥力稻田，设置5 种栽培密度，对水稻产量及其构成要素，水稻秸秆籽粒氮磷钾养分含量进行分析测定。结果表明，栽培密度显著影响水稻产量。在高肥力稻田，宽窄行栽培分别比常规增产19.5% (MD5，13.41 t/hm2)，10.7% (MD4，12.42 t/hm2)，7.7% (MD3，12.09 t/hm2)和0.6% (MD2，11.29 t/hm2)。中低肥力稻田分别增产8.2% (MD3，9.41 t/hm2)，6.3% (MD4，9.24 t/hm2)，5.7% (MD5，9.19 t/hm2)和5.0% (MD2，9.12 t/hm2)。超级稻“大宽行窄株”栽培(40-15 cm)，在高肥力稻田上显著增加株高和穗粒数。增强籽粒吸收氮、钾能力。超级稻生产要依据肥力水平适当调整移栽密度。在稻田肥力水平高时，超级稻宜采用“大宽行窄株”栽培模式，主攻大穗优势。肥力水平中低时，以“宽窄行”栽培(30-20 cm)产量表现更佳。

关键词: 土壤养分流失, 土壤养分流失, 指导性抽样, 模糊数学模型, 山区耕地

Abstract: Suitable cultivation density of super hybrid rice is selected to optimize the rice population structure, and to provide technological support for establishing a high-yield cultivation model. Five cultivation densities under high and medium-low soil fertility in paddy field were designed to measure grain yield of super hybrid rice, biomass of rice straw and components of grain yield, and to analyze nutrients content in rice grain and straw. The results showed that grain yield of super hybrid rice had significant difference among different cultivation densities. Rice yield of wide-narrow row increased by 19.5% (MD5, 13.41 t/hm2), 10.7% (MD4, 12.42 t/hm2), 7.7% (MD3, 12.09 t/hm2) and 0.6% (MD2, 11.29 t/hm2) compared with the conventional cultivation density in the high soil fertility paddy field. And the increasing ranges were 8.2% (MD3, 9.41 t/hm2), 6.3% (MD4, 9.24 t/hm2), 5.7% (MD5, 9.19 t/hm2) and 5.0 % (MD2, 9.12 t/hm2) in the medium-low soil fertility paddy field. Height of rice plant and grain number per panicle increased significantly under the cultivation density of“Big-wide-row and narrow-strain”(40-15 cm) in the high soil fertility paddy field, and it promoted nitrogen and potassium absorption ability. Thus, the cultivation density should be selected based on the fertility level of paddy field.“Big-wide-row and narrow-strain”cultivation model is recommended for super hybrid rice under the high soil fertility paddy field, and is beneficial to big ear growth.“Wide-narrow row”cultivation (30-20 cm) has better performance in the medium-low soil fertility paddy field.

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