Two crosses 9708×0-153 and 6177×0-212 were made among four parents, which included two parents with high fiber strength, 0-153 and 0-212, originating from crossing G. hirsutum L. with G. arboreum L., and backcrossing with G.hirsutum L as recurrent parent, and other two commercial transgenic varieties (9708 and 6177) with resistance to budworm. The results of joint analyses of multiple generations of P1、P2、F1、F2 and F2:3 of two crosses showed one major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model in all fiber quality characters, except for fiber elongation. There were highest heritability of major gene for fiber strength, 14.36% and 8.40% in F2.The second highest heritability of major gene for fiber quality is fiber length, 9.51% and 2.59% in F2.But major gene effect were very little for other fiber quality traits, which indicated the heritability of polygene were prominent for fiber quality characters, 27.88%~50.42% in F2. Negative value or zero of major plus polygene dominant effects for three traits except for fiber length. Hence, mid-parents value or tendency to lower parent in F1 for most of fiber properties lead to low selection efficiency if only depending on phenotype, which indicated that molecular assisted selection should be applied in order to improve the fiber quality traits.
