饥饿和再投喂对短须裂腹鱼幼鱼体组分、消化酶活性及RNA/DNA的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800508

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (23): 151-160.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800508

所属专题：生物技术；水产渔业

饥饿和再投喂对短须裂腹鱼幼鱼体组分、消化酶活性及RNA/DNA的影响

梁孟¹^,²(), 魏开金²(), 朱祥云², 马宝珊², 徐滨², 徐进²

¹华中农业大学水产学院,武汉 430070
²中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室,武汉 430223

收稿日期:2019-08-07 修回日期:2019-10-29 出版日期:2020-08-15 发布日期:2020-08-13
通讯作者: 魏开金
作者简介:梁孟,男,1989年出生,湖北荆门人,硕士研究生,研究方向：水产养殖。通信地址：430223 湖北省武汉市东湖新技术开发区武大园一路8号中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,Tel：027-81780177,E-mail： liangmenghg@sina.cn。
基金资助:
雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司科研项目(JPIA-G201225)

Effects on Fish Body Composition, Digestive Enzyme Activity and RNA/DNA of Schizothorax wangchiachii Juveniles: Starvation and Refeeding

Liang Meng¹^,²(), Wei Kaijin²(), Zhu Xiangyun², Ma Baoshan², Xu Bin², Xu Jin²

¹College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070
²Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Wuhan 430223

Received:2019-08-07 Revised:2019-10-29 Online:2020-08-15 Published:2020-08-13
Contact: Wei Kaijin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过探究饥饿和再投喂过程中短须裂腹鱼幼鱼的鱼体组分、消化酶活性及RNA/DNA的变化规律,为其人工养殖提供科学依据。以短须裂腹鱼幼鱼为研究对象,用凯氏定氮法测定粗蛋白,索氏抽提法测定粗脂肪,恒温干燥失重法测定水分,马弗炉灼烧法测定粗灰分,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定矿质元素,分光光度法测定消化酶活性和DNA、RNA含量。饥饿后,幼鱼粗脂肪含量在饥饿5天时降至最低值5.01%,粗蛋白含量在饥饿2天时降至最低值13.61%;水分和灰分上升,鱼体的Ca和P含量上升;鱼体K、Na、Mg及Fe含量均先上升再下降,且在饥饿9天时上升至最大值;幼鱼肝胰脏蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性均呈先升高后下降再升高趋势;淀粉酶活性下降,肌肉中的DNA含量上升,RNA含量下降,RNA/DNA下降。恢复投喂后,S15、S25组Fe含量低于对照组水平,各组淀粉酶活性均恢复至正常水平,S15和S25组脂肪酶活性显著低于对照组水平(P<0.05),S15、S25组RNA含量及RNA/DNA极显著下降(P<0.01)。在饥饿9天时,短须裂腹鱼幼鱼的生化指标未受显著影响,恢复投喂后的生化指标与对照组均无显著差异。建议在其养殖中饥饿时间不超过9天。

关键词: 短须裂腹鱼, 饥饿, 再投喂, 鱼体组分, 消化酶活性, RNA/DNA

Abstract:

The study was conducted to investigate the variation of fish body composition, digestive enzyme activity and RNA/DNA ratio of Schizothorax wangchiachii juveniles after starvation and refeeding, to provide a scientific basis for artificial culture. S. wangchiachii juveniles were used as materials. Crude protein, crude fat, moisture and crude ash of the fish body were measured by Kjeldahl method, Soxhlet extraction method, Thermostatic and weightless drying method and muffle furnace burning method, respectively. The mineral elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, the digestive enzyme activity and the DNA/RNA ratio were measured by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the crude fat content of juveniles declined to the minimum of 5.01% after 5-day starvation. The crude protein content reduced to the minimum of 13.61% after 2-day starvation. The moisture and ash content, Ca and P content all increased after starvation. The contents of K, Na, Mg and Fe increased to the peak after 9-day starvation, and then decreased with starvation continued. The trypsin and lipase activity of liver-pancreas increased firstly, followed by a short decline, and then the activity finally increased. The amylase activities declined throughout the starvation time. The muscle’s DNA content increased, while RNA content and RNA/DNA ratio decreased. After refeeding, The Fe contents in group S15 and S25 were lower than those of the control group. The amylase activities of liver-pancreas recovered to normal level in all the groups. However, the liver-pancreas lipase activities of group S15 and S25 were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The RNA content and RNA/DNA in muscle were extremely and significantly decreased in group S15 and S25 (P<0.01). The biochemical indexes of S. wangchiachii juveniles were not affected by 9-day starvation (P>0.05), and no significant difference with control was found after refeeding (P>0.05). The starvation time should not exceed 9 days.

Key words: Schizothorax wangchiachii, starvation, refeeding, fish body composition, digestive enzyme activity, RNA/DNA

中图分类号:

S965.199

梁孟, 魏开金, 朱祥云, 马宝珊, 徐滨, 徐进. 饥饿和再投喂对短须裂腹鱼幼鱼体组分、消化酶活性及RNA/DNA的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(23): 151-160.

Liang Meng, Wei Kaijin, Zhu Xiangyun, Ma Baoshan, Xu Bin, Xu Jin. Effects on Fish Body Composition, Digestive Enzyme Activity and RNA/DNA of Schizothorax wangchiachii Juveniles: Starvation and Refeeding[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(23): 151-160.

图/表 5

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实验项目	S0	S2	S5	S9	S15	S25
水分□	73.54±0.75	73.6±0.57	73.57±0.65	73.80±1.08	73.69±0.59	73.74±0.69
水分△	73.54±0.75	73.97±0.23	74.01±0.24	74.12±0.63	74.20±1.16	73.96±0.39
水分○	73.77±0.11	73.90±1.41	74.00±1.16	74.24±0.17	74.52±1.33	75.15±1.02
粗脂肪□	6.29±0.37	6.24±0.12	6.36±0.15	6.11±0.10	6.25±0.04	6.17±0.18
粗脂肪△	6.29±0.37^d	5.95±0.13^cd	5.01±0.03^a	5.72±0.08^bc	5.36±0.16^ab	5.13±0.34^a
粗脂肪○	6.82±0.44	6.86±0.16	6.98±0.26	6.85±0.11	7.05±0.09	6.69±0.69
粗蛋白□	15.22±0.06	15.14±0.09	15.09±0.16	15.11±0.12	15.19±0.16	15.02±0.09
粗蛋白△	15.22±0.06^a	13.61±0.68^b	13.95±0.75^b	15.23±0.02^a	15.29±0.51^a	14.36±0.36^ab
粗蛋白○	15.25±0.14	15.20±0.36	15.10±0.25	15.01±0.17	15.27±0.61	14.98±0.46
粗灰分□	2.51±0.09	2.53±0.08	2.54±0.07	2.57±0.04	2.58±0.04	2.50±0.06
粗灰分△	2.51±0.09^d	2.94±0.07^bc	2.75±0.13^c	3.33±0.05^a	3.28±0.20^a	3.13±0.17^ab
粗灰分○	2.76±0.13	2.74±0.11	2.72±0.09	2.79±0.06	2.84±0.05	2.80±0.03

实验项目	S0	S2	S5	S9	S15	S25
水分□	73.54±0.75	73.6±0.57	73.57±0.65	73.80±1.08	73.69±0.59	73.74±0.69
水分△	73.54±0.75	73.97±0.23	74.01±0.24	74.12±0.63	74.20±1.16	73.96±0.39
水分○	73.77±0.11	73.90±1.41	74.00±1.16	74.24±0.17	74.52±1.33	75.15±1.02
粗脂肪□	6.29±0.37	6.24±0.12	6.36±0.15	6.11±0.10	6.25±0.04	6.17±0.18
粗脂肪△	6.29±0.37^d	5.95±0.13^cd	5.01±0.03^a	5.72±0.08^bc	5.36±0.16^ab	5.13±0.34^a
粗脂肪○	6.82±0.44	6.86±0.16	6.98±0.26	6.85±0.11	7.05±0.09	6.69±0.69
粗蛋白□	15.22±0.06	15.14±0.09	15.09±0.16	15.11±0.12	15.19±0.16	15.02±0.09
粗蛋白△	15.22±0.06^a	13.61±0.68^b	13.95±0.75^b	15.23±0.02^a	15.29±0.51^a	14.36±0.36^ab
粗蛋白○	15.25±0.14	15.20±0.36	15.10±0.25	15.01±0.17	15.27±0.61	14.98±0.46
粗灰分□	2.51±0.09	2.53±0.08	2.54±0.07	2.57±0.04	2.58±0.04	2.50±0.06
粗灰分△	2.51±0.09^d	2.94±0.07^bc	2.75±0.13^c	3.33±0.05^a	3.28±0.20^a	3.13±0.17^ab
粗灰分○	2.76±0.13	2.74±0.11	2.72±0.09	2.79±0.06	2.84±0.05	2.80±0.03

实验项目	S0	S2	S5	S9	S15	S25
Ca含量□	647.64±23.38	648.07±36.61	657.27±11.59	650.00±20.14	652.79±16.12	654.27±16.38
Ca含量△	647.64±23.38^b	659.16±29.69^b	714.20±18.43^b	810.02±45.94^a	875.07±47.14^a	892.27±89.79^a
Ca含量○	637.99±36.23^c	660.83±48.09^abc	652.05±18.93^bc	667.86±3.92^abc	695.63±28.94^ab		711.57±4.71^a
P含量□	512.97±17.84	513.40±9.32	529.75±14.42	533.84±7.27	518.72±18.98	523.98±4.71
P含量△	512.97±17.84^b	534.31±10.77^b	560.12±28.52^b	668.05±29.15^a	674.76±48.24^a	719.35±22.94^a
P含量○	586.39±20.86	573.89±17.42	581.69±18.74	580.90±14.79	592.98±11.30	592.90±15.54
K含量□	259.75±7.77	254.32±14.50	254.44±14.74	258.67±15.49	259.00±31.41	256.63±17.11
K含量△	259.75±7.77^b	264.25±14.78^b	266.27±32.53^ab	303.04±14.48^a	273.90±24.36^ab	254.06±14.36^b
K含量○	322.07±5.06	311.14±5.98	309.96±2.14	307.30±23.18	306.85±9.70	310.09±5.64
Na含量□	65.70±2.66	70.93±11.77	65.38±8.47	67.84±11.40	68.43±9.12	67.30±10.61
Na含量△	65.70±2.66^b	70.83±9.18^b	74.84±11.37^b	105.41±8.48^a	77.46±10.91^b	70.21±7.06^b
Na含量○	76.95±7.08	76.11±2.61	79.87±4.90	71.41±4.03	70.74±3.02	77.05±5.11
Mg含量□	30.77±1.06	30.05±1.91	30.47±3.09	30.32±1.52	29.03±2.09	28.81±2.29
Mg含量△	30.77±1.06^b	30.88±2.60^b	30.18±3.52^b	37.72±2.68^a	34.59±2.97^ab	30.51±3.66^b
Mg含量○	34.56±0.63	33.37±1.41	33.90±1.30	33.00±1.58	33.64±0.98	32.39±0.29
Fe含量□	1.34±0.08	1.37±0.19	1.32±0.13	1.31±0.13	1.35±0.12	1.36±0.13
Fe含量△	1.34±0.08^bc	1.54±0.10^ab	1.56±0.13^ab	1.64±0.05^a	1.24±0.06^c	1.13±0.26^c
Fe含量○	1.41±0.10^a	1.39±0.07^a	1.36±0.15^a	1.39±0.06^a	1.07±0.12^b	1.02±0.04^b

实验项目	S0	S2	S5	S9	S15	S25
Ca含量□	647.64±23.38	648.07±36.61	657.27±11.59	650.00±20.14	652.79±16.12	654.27±16.38
Ca含量△	647.64±23.38^b	659.16±29.69^b	714.20±18.43^b	810.02±45.94^a	875.07±47.14^a	892.27±89.79^a
Ca含量○	637.99±36.23^c	660.83±48.09^abc	652.05±18.93^bc	667.86±3.92^abc	695.63±28.94^ab		711.57±4.71^a
P含量□	512.97±17.84	513.40±9.32	529.75±14.42	533.84±7.27	518.72±18.98	523.98±4.71
P含量△	512.97±17.84^b	534.31±10.77^b	560.12±28.52^b	668.05±29.15^a	674.76±48.24^a	719.35±22.94^a
P含量○	586.39±20.86	573.89±17.42	581.69±18.74	580.90±14.79	592.98±11.30	592.90±15.54
K含量□	259.75±7.77	254.32±14.50	254.44±14.74	258.67±15.49	259.00±31.41	256.63±17.11
K含量△	259.75±7.77^b	264.25±14.78^b	266.27±32.53^ab	303.04±14.48^a	273.90±24.36^ab	254.06±14.36^b
K含量○	322.07±5.06	311.14±5.98	309.96±2.14	307.30±23.18	306.85±9.70	310.09±5.64
Na含量□	65.70±2.66	70.93±11.77	65.38±8.47	67.84±11.40	68.43±9.12	67.30±10.61
Na含量△	65.70±2.66^b	70.83±9.18^b	74.84±11.37^b	105.41±8.48^a	77.46±10.91^b	70.21±7.06^b
Na含量○	76.95±7.08	76.11±2.61	79.87±4.90	71.41±4.03	70.74±3.02	77.05±5.11
Mg含量□	30.77±1.06	30.05±1.91	30.47±3.09	30.32±1.52	29.03±2.09	28.81±2.29
Mg含量△	30.77±1.06^b	30.88±2.60^b	30.18±3.52^b	37.72±2.68^a	34.59±2.97^ab	30.51±3.66^b
Mg含量○	34.56±0.63	33.37±1.41	33.90±1.30	33.00±1.58	33.64±0.98	32.39±0.29
Fe含量□	1.34±0.08	1.37±0.19	1.32±0.13	1.31±0.13	1.35±0.12	1.36±0.13
Fe含量△	1.34±0.08^bc	1.54±0.10^ab	1.56±0.13^ab	1.64±0.05^a	1.24±0.06^c	1.13±0.26^c
Fe含量○	1.41±0.10^a	1.39±0.07^a	1.36±0.15^a	1.39±0.06^a	1.07±0.12^b	1.02±0.04^b

实验项目	S0	S2	S5	S9	S15	S25
胰蛋白酶活力□/(U/g)	9.90±0.25	9.44±1.23	9.97±0.15	10.11±0.67	9.76±0.32	9.99±1.09
胰蛋白酶活力△/(U/g)	9.90±0.25^e	46.11±3.48^a	42.46±1.06^b	34.42±0.40^c	14.83±1.60^d	16.83±1.85^d
胰蛋白酶活力○/(U/g)	9.57±0.44^c	18.17±0.18^a	13.65±0.15^b	14.78±0.43^b	7.78±0.82^d	17.42±1.36^a
脂肪酶活力□/(U/mg)	828.91±31.25	811.16±66.56	809.67±16.50	837.24±53.57	784.22±97.40	822.13±38.05
脂肪酶活力△/(U/mg)	828.91±31.25^b	1093.41±114.14^a	1170.01±158.35^a	601.65±72.21^c	738.86±89.70^bc	892.12±91.33^b
脂肪酶活力○/(U/mg)	824.66±6.57	871.93±102.40	860.81±129.20	848.44±110.02	620.80±82.45	610.89±25.22
淀粉酶活力□/(U/mg)	0.52±0.04	0.53±0.04	0.52±0.02	0.49±0.05	0.52±0.05	0.48±0.03
淀粉酶活力△/(U/mg)	0.52±0.04^c	0.53±0.05^c	0.52±0.02^c	0.53±0.03^c	0.34±0.02^b	0.20±0.05^a
淀粉酶活力○/(U/mg)	0.55±0.10	0.54±0.04	0.54±0.06	0.49±0.03	0.52±0.03	0.51±0.03

饥饿和再投喂对短须裂腹鱼幼鱼体组分、消化酶活性及RNA/DNA的影响

Effects on Fish Body Composition, Digestive Enzyme Activity and RNA/DNA of Schizothorax wangchiachii Juveniles: Starvation and Refeeding

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实验项目	S0	S2	S5	S9	S15	S25
DNA含量□/(ug/g)	5.41±0.02^d	5.44±0.04^d	5.43±0.02^d	5.56±0.04^c	5.74±0.05^b	5.84±0.04^a
DNA含量△/(ug/g)	5.41±0.02^e	5.56±0.08^de	5.76±0.30^d	6.31±0.35^c	6.86±0.18^b	7.78±0.09^a
DNA含量○/(ug/g)	7.11±0.12^b	7.14±0.17^b	7.29±0.26^b	7.29±0.17^b	7.62±0.76^b	8.16±0.54^a
RNA含量□/(ug/g)	10.04±0.30^b	10.30±0.58^ab	10.42±0.30^ab	10.51±0.60^ab	10.61±0.24^ab	10.92±0.13^a
RNA含量△/(ug/g)	10.04±0.25^a	10.14±0.20^a	7.67±0.15^b	6.12±0.22^c	3.75±0.24^d	2.73±0.24^e
RNA含量○/(ug/g)	10.18±0.48^a	10.12±0.33^a	10.20±0.16^a	10.02±0.21^a	3.84±0.39^b	3.87±0.39^b
RNA/DNA比值□	1.86±0.06^a	1.90±0.11^a	1.92±0.06^a	1.89±0.10^a	1.85±0.04^a	1.87±0.03^a
RNA/DNA比值△	1.86±0.06^a	1.83±0.03^a	1.35±0.10^b	0.97±0.01^c	0.54±0.03^d	0.35±0.04^e
RNA/DNA比值○	1.42±0.09^a	1.40±0.03^a	1.37±0.03^a	1.38±0.06^a	0.51±0.07^b	0.49±0.08^b

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