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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (23): 94-101.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0177

所属专题： 畜牧兽医

• 畜牧·动物医学·蚕·蜂 • 上一篇    下一篇

麝香产量及表观性状与林麝年龄、取香时间的关系

王永奇()   

  1. 陕西省动物研究所，西安 710032
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-03 修回日期:2023-05-29 出版日期:2023-08-15 发布日期:2023-08-10
  • 作者简介:

    王永奇，男，1973年出生，陕西长安人，副研究员，主要从事动物营养与饲养繁育方面的研究。通信地址：710032 陕西省西安市兴庆路85号 陕西省动物研究所，E-mail：。

Relationship Between Musk Yield, Apparent Traits and Age, Musk-extracted Time of Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii)

WANG Yongqi()   

  1. Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi’an 710032
  • Received:2023-03-03 Revised:2023-05-29 Published:2023-08-15 Online:2023-08-10

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摘要：

为探讨年龄、取香时间与麝香产量、品质间的关系，补充麝香分泌机制、质量性状及适宜取香时间等方面资料。采用分层随机抽样法对59只记录完整（1~5年生）林麝产香量及色泽、形状等表观性状数据观测和统计分析。结果显示不同年龄及取香时间对产香量基本无显著影响，但2.7~3.7岁麝香产量有高于其他年龄组趋势；成体麝（>2年生）平均产香量(17.636±6.642) g/只较育成麝（≤2年生）平均产香量(13.444±3.356) g/只高4.129 g/只(P=0.002<0.05)；成体麝3月平均产香量(19.955±7.267) g/只较9月平均产香量(15.196±5.0113) g/只高4.759 g/只(P=0.023<0.05)；观测成体麝产香量与参照组虽无显著差异(P=0.230>0.05)，但具更高产香量个体且产量范围大。麝群粉状麝香61.02%，块状6.78%，干泥或泥状占15%~17%，棕色占52.54%、深棕色占13.56%、深褐色和褐色均占11.86%、浅棕色占6.78%、棕褐色和黑褐色均占1.69%；育成麝粉状麝香(85%)较成体麝(48.72%)高，棕色占比均最高(60%、51.28%)；3月、9月成体麝粉状麝香分别为35%、63.16%，块状为5%、15.79%，干泥状为15%、21.05%，泥状为45%、0.00%。综上所述，年龄、取香时间与产香量无明显关联，成体麝产香量显著高于育成麝，3月产香量显著高于9月；麝群具产香量分布较广及更高产量个体特征，表明多年选育促使数量性状产香量一定分离，为后续核心群建立提供资源基础；麝群中棕色、粉状麝香占比最高，3月采集泥状、含水量高的麝香明显高于9月。

关键词: 林麝, 麝香产量, 表观性状

Abstract:

The study aims to explore the relationship between age, musk-extracted time and yield, quality of musk, and to supplement the information of musk secretion mechanism, quality traits and appropriate musk-extracted time. Stratified Random Sampling method was used to observe and statistically analyze the musk yield and color, shape of 59 forest musk deer (1-5 years old). The results showed that there was no significant effect on musk yield by age and musk-extracted time, but the musk yield of forest musk deer of 2.7-3.7 years old was higher than that of other age groups; the average musk yield of adult musk deer (>2 years old) was (17.636±6.642) g, which was 4.129 g higher than that of bred musk deer (≤ 2 years old) (13.444±3.356) g (P=0.002<0.05); the average musk yield of adult musk deer in March was (19.955±7.267) g, which was 4.759 g higher than that in September (15.196±5.0113) g (P=0.023<0.05); although there was no significant difference between the observed group and control group (P=0.230>0.05), individual forest musk deer had higher musk yield and a larger yield range. The proportion of powdery musk was 61.02%, blocky musk was 6.78%, dry mud or mud musk was 15%~17%, brown musk was 52.54%, dark brown musk was 13.56%, dark tan and tan musk were respectively11.86%, light brown musk was 6.78%, and chocolate brown and black tan musk were 1.69%, respectively; the powdery musk (85%) of bred musk deer was higher than that of adult musk deer (48.72%), and the proportion of brown musk was the highest (60%, 51.28%); Powdery musk of adult musk in March and September were 35% and 63.16%, blocky musk was 5% and 15.79%, dry mud musk was 15% and 21.05%, mud musk was 45% and 0.00%, respectively. In summary, there was no significant correlation between different ages, musk-extracted time and musk yield, musk yield of adult musk deer was significantly higher than that of bred musk deer, and musk yield in March was significantly higher than that in September; the observed musk deer population had the characteristics of wider distribution of musk yield and higher yield, which indicated that years of breeding had promoted the separation of quantitative characters of musk yield, and provided a preliminary basis for the establishment of the core population later; brown and powdery musk accounted for the highest proportion, and the musk with mud and high water content collected in March was significantly higher than that in September.

Key words: forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii), musk yield, apparent traits