中华蛸人工饲料物理性状及粘合剂的研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0382

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在探明海藻酸钠与羧甲基纤维素(CMC)作为粘合剂对中华蛸(Octopus sinensis)配合饲料物理性状及摄食效果的影响，以期筛选适宜的人工饲料配方。试验以(1.02±0.51) kg的中华蛸为研究对象，采用蛋白质含量为45.5%的基础饲料，分别添加10 g/kg的海藻酸钠或CMC，制成三种不同含水量的饲料（湿性、半湿性和干性）。通过保形时间、溶失率(8 h)及为期28 d的养殖试验（水温25~26℃、盐度30），对不同饲料的性能进行了全面评估。结果显示，1%海藻酸钠干饲料组的保形时间最长(23 h)，显著优于其他组(P<0.05)，且同一粘合剂类型下，保形效果呈现干饲料>半湿性>湿性的规律；0.5%海藻酸钠干饲料组的溶失率最低(15.50%)，1%海藻酸钠半湿性饲料组次之(32.37%)。在摄食效果方面，投喂1%海藻酸钠组的中华蛸表现出正常的摄食行为，而投喂1% CMC组的中华蛸在第15天死亡率达80%。研究表明，1%海藻酸钠半湿性饲料兼具良好保形性(19 h)、低溶失率(32.37%)及高摄食稳定性，适合中华蛸规模化养殖应用。本研究首次初步评估粘合剂在中华蛸饲料中的作用，为开发更精准、高效的中华蛸配合饲料提供了有价值的参考依据。

关键词: 中华蛸, 人工配合饲料, 海藻酸钠, 羧甲基纤维素, 保形时间, 溶失率

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as binders on the physical properties and feeding efficiency of artificial compound feed for Octopus sinensis, and to screen suitable feed formulations, O.sinensis (1.02±0.51) kg were selected as experimental subjects. Basal feed with a protein content of 45.5% was supplemented with 10 g/kg sodium alginate or CMC to prepare wet, semi-moist, and dry feeds. The performance of different feeds was evaluated through shape retention time, leaching rate (8 h), and a 28-day feeding trial (water temperature: 25-26℃, salinity: 30). The results showed that the dry feed group with 1% sodium alginate exhibited the longest shape retention time (23 h), significantly outperforming other groups (P < 0.05). Among feeds with the same binder, the shape stability followed the order: dry feed > semi-moist feed > wet feed. The 0.5% sodium alginate dry feed group had the lowest leaching rate (15.50%), followed by the 1% sodium alginate semi-moist feed group (32.37%). The 1% sodium alginate group demonstrated normal feeding behavior, while the 1% CMC group experienced an 80% mortality rate by day 15. The study indicates that the 1% sodium alginate semi-moist feed combines excellent shape retention (19 h), low leaching rate (32.37%), and high feeding stability, making it suitable for large-scale aquaculture applications of O. sinensis. This research provides the first preliminary evaluation of binder effects on feed performance for O. sinensis, offering a reference for developing precise and efficient compound feeds.

Key words: Octopus sinensis, artificial compound feed, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), shape retention time, leaching rate

朱淑钦. 中华蛸人工饲料物理性状及粘合剂的研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(3): 183-188.

ZHU Shuqin. Research on Physical Properties and Binders in Artificial Feed for Octopus sinensis[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(3): 183-188.

图/表 5

参考文献 25

[1]	GUERRA A, ROURA A, GONZÁLEZ A F, et al. Morphological and genetic evidence that Octopus vulgaris cuvier, 1797 inhabits Amsterdam and Saint Paul islands (southern Indian ocean)[J]. ICES journal of marine science, 2010, 67(7):1401-1407. doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsq040 URL
[2]	AMOR M D, NORMAN M D, CAMERON H E, et al. Allopatric speciation within a cryptic species complex of Australasian octopuses[J]. Plos one, 2014, 9(6):e98982. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098982 URL
[3]	GLEADALL I G. Octopus sinensis d'Orbigny, 1841 (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae): valid species name for the commercially valuable East Asian common octopus[J]. Species diversity, 2016, 21(1):31-42. doi: 10.12782/sd.21.1.031 URL
[4]	FAO. FAOSTAT:fisheries and aquaculture database[DB/OL]. Rome: FAO, 2024. [2025-10-30]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QF.
[5]	叶坤, 王秋荣, 席峰, 等. 饲料蛋白质水平对曼氏无针乌贼生长性能和饲料利用率的影响[J]. 集美大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 17(4):247-252.
[6]	王鹏帅, 徐军超, 蒋霞敏, 等. 饲料蛋白质水平对日本无针乌贼生长性能和肌肉营养成分的影响[J]. 宁波大学学报(理工版), 2016, 29(1):1-6.
[7]	游岚. 饲料脂肪水平对曼氏无针乌贼生长的影响[J]. 集美大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 20(1):6-13.
[8]	罗云云, 林利民, 王秋荣, 等. 曼氏无针乌贼人工配合饲料物理性状的研究[J]. 集美大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 18(1):14-17.
[9]	罗莉, 林仕梅, 叶元土, 等. 水产饲料常用粘合剂粘合性能测定[J]. 饲料工业, 1998, 19(9):18-19.
[10]	YAŞAR F, TOĞRUL H, ARSLAN N. Flow properties of cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose from orange peel[J]. Journal of food engineering, 2007, 81(1):187-199. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.10.022 URL
[11]	林旋, 黄贞胜, 王寿昆. 大黄鱼膨化颗粒与软颗粒饲料浸泡时间对溶胀率、溶失率及COD的影响[J]. 福建水产, 2015, 37(4):308-313.
[12]	李振, 陈玉林. 提高饲料水中稳定性的措施[J]. 齐鲁渔业, 2007, 24(5):42-43.
[13]	BORLONGAN I G, COLOSO R M, GOLEZ N V. Feeding habits and digestive physiology of fishes[M]. Nutrition in tropical aquaculture: essentials of fish nutrition, feeds, and feeding of tropical aquatic species, 2002:77-97.
[14]	STAAF D. The lives of octopuses and their relatives: a natural history of cephalopods[M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2023.
[15]	姜小敏, 蒋霞敏, 罗斌, 等. 管角螺配合饲料粘合剂的粘合性能研究[J]. 生态科学, 2015, 37(4):308-313.
[16]	CEREZO V J, RODRÍGUEZ G T, GRANERO-FERNÁNDEZ M D, et al. Successful rearing of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) fed a formulated feed in an offshore cage[J]. Aquaculture research, 2019, 50(3):968-972. doi: 10.1111/are.2019.50.issue-3 URL
[17]	刘尚群, 乔煦玮, 李欣欣, 等. 不同生产工艺和赖氨酸、蛋氨酸添加水平对饲料中晶体氨基酸在水中溶失率的影响研究[J]. 中国饲料, 2024(11):116-120.
[18]	LIU J, YANG S, LI X, et al. Alginate oligosaccharides: production, biological activities, and potential applications[J]. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety, 2019, 18(6):1859-1881. doi: 10.1111/crf3.v18.6 URL
[19]	HAY I D, REHMAN Z U, MORADALI M F, et al. Microbial alginate production, modification and its applications[J]. Microbial biotechnology, 2013, 6(6):637-650. doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.12076 pmid: 24034361
[20]	KUDA T, KOSAKA M, HIRANO S, et al. Effect of sodium-alginate and laminaran on Salmonella Typhimurium infection in human enterocyte-like HT-29-Luc cells and BALB/c mice[J]. Carbohydrate polymers, 2015, 125:113-119. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.078 URL
[21]	BAYARRI S, GONZÁLEZ-TOMÁS L, COSTELL E. Viscoelastic properties of aqueous and milk systems with carboxymethyl cellulose[J]. Food hydrocolloids, 2009, 23(2):441-450. doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2008.02.002 URL
[22]	RAHMAN M S, HASAN M S, NITAI A S, et al. Recent developments of carboxymethyl cellulose[J]. Polymers, 2021, 13(8): 1345. doi: 10.3390/polym13081345 URL
[23]	马学坤, 张璐, 郑石轩. 水产饲料粘合剂的研究与应用[J]. 养殖与饲料, 2008(4):91-94.
[24]	KA U, HOFFMANN H, DO R, et al. Structure and solution properties of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose[J]. Colloids and surfaces A: physicochemical and engineering aspects, 1997, 123: 307-328.
[25]	GAO S, HAN D, ZHU X, et al. Effects of gelatin or carboxymethyl cellulose supplementation during pelleting processing on feed quality, intestinal ultrastructure and growth performance in gibel carp (Carassius gibelio)[J]. Aquaculture nutrition, 2020, 26(4): 1244-1254. doi: 10.1111/anu.v26.4 URL

饲料类型	基础饲料	0.5%海藻酸钠	1%海藻酸钠	0.5% CMC	1% CMC
湿性饲料	40.20	36.10	41.03	35.30	37.44
半湿性饲料	25.91	14.70	25.00	27.67	19.22
干饲料	8.02	5.34	6.09	5.89	7.33

饲料类型	基础饲料	0.5%海藻酸钠	1%海藻酸钠	0.5% CMC	1% CMC
湿性饲料	40.20	36.10	41.03	35.30	37.44
半湿性饲料	25.91	14.70	25.00	27.67	19.22
干饲料	8.02	5.34	6.09	5.89	7.33

饲料类型	海藻酸钠(0.5%)	海藻酸钠(1%)	CMC(0.5%)	CMC(1%)
湿性饲料	36.1	36.1	41	36.7
半湿性饲料	18.5	14.7	21.1	9.3
干饲料	2.5	4.6	9.4	1.3

饲料类型	海藻酸钠(0.5%)	海藻酸钠(1%)	CMC(0.5%)	CMC(1%)
湿性饲料	36.1	36.1	41	36.7
半湿性饲料	18.5	14.7	21.1	9.3
干饲料	2.5	4.6	9.4	1.3

饲料类型	基础饲料	海藻酸钠(0.5%)	海藻酸钠(1%)	CMC(0.5%)	CMC(1%)
湿性饲料	7.3	9.5	15.0	10.5	10.0
半湿性饲料	9.5	13.0	19.0	12.0	12.0
干饲料	10.0	15.0	23.0	14.5	15.0