Abstract: Comparative research on pollen morphology of Camellia japonica L. (NaiDong) could provide the palynology basis of evolution and systematic classification for Camellia and the cultivar classification of Camellia japonica L. (NaiDong) .18 cultivars of Camellia japonica L. (NaiDong) and 3 cultivars of Camellia japonica L. in southern China were investigated and analyzed with scanning electron microscope. The main results were as follows: Pollen grains of Camellia japonica L. (NaiDong) were in the shape of drum or spheroidal, sub-triangle or 3-lobed circular in polar view and tricolporate. The internal bore was apparently inconspicuousness and the exine had two layers of which the extexine was thicker. The surface ornamentation of pollen grains was mostly helminthoid and also was quasi-helminthoid or quasi-reticulate. There were porus and acupoint among the ridge or net ornamentation. And there were obvious transverse wavy ornamentation on some ridges. The shape and quantity of porus-acupoint varied with different cultivars. Pollen morphology could be used as one of the main bases of cultivar classification of Camellia japonica L. (NaiDong). There were a lot of differences in pollen morphology between Camellia japonica L. (NaiDong) and Camellia japonica L. in southern China.