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中国农学通报 ›› 2008, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (7): 276-279.

所属专题: 烟草种植与生产

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

施氮量及氮磷钾比例对红土晒烟产质量的影响

张晨东   

  • 收稿日期:2008-05-30 修回日期:2008-06-04 出版日期:2008-07-05 发布日期:2008-07-05

Effects of N Level and NPK Ratio on Yield and Quality of Sun-cured Tobacco

Zhang Chendong   

  • Received:2008-05-30 Revised:2008-06-04 Online:2008-07-05 Published:2008-07-05

摘要: 为研究和探索红土晒烟适宜的施氮量和氮磷钾比例,为生产优质红土晒烟提供经济合理的科学施肥依据和指导方案,运用正交设计,在红土晒烟适宜种植区进行重复小区比较试验,研究不同施氮量和不同氮磷钾比例对红土晒烟生长发育情况、产量、产值和内在品质的影响,结果表明,不同施氮量和氮磷钾比例对红土晒烟的产量、产值、以及内在品质存在不同程度的影响,而对烟丝外观质量的影响较小,对植物学性状的影响没有规律。施氮量为75kg/hm2时产量和产值最高,增加到105kg/hm2时,产量反而略有下降,并且此时烟碱含量明显升高,平均超过3.0%。P2O5:N比提高对产量和产值的影响不大,并会使烟碱含量升高。提高K2O:N比,对红土晒烟的产量和产值没有增加作用,且烟叶含钾量也未有明显增加,但有助于降低烟碱含量。因此,红土晒烟适宜的施氮量宜控制在75kg/hm2或以下,P2O5:N宜为0.5:1,土壤磷含量较低、pH>7的可增加到1:1;K2O:N宜为2:1,钾含量较低的土壤可增加到3:1。

Abstract: In order to search after appropriate nitrogen application dosage and proportion of phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer composition, provide with a reasonable economic principle for scientific fertilization and guidance schemes for the production of quality sun-cured tobacco, an orthogonal design was used with small plot trials in the suitable growing areas to compare the effects on growth and development, yield, output value, and smoking quality of sun-cured tobacco, the results showed that the influences occurred in varying degrees while less or ruleless effects displaying on appearance quality and botanic characters respectively. At 75kg/hm2 of nitrogen application, the treatment had maximum yield and output value, whereas to 105kg/hm2, the output declined slightly, and nicotine content increased significantly at an average of more than 3.0 percent at this time. An increase of ratio of P to N heightened nicotine content but less influenced yield and output. More potassium added in fertilizer composition did not improve yield and output value, and the content of potassium in leaves of sun-cured tobacco has not markedly increased, whereas it conduced to reduce the content of nicotine. Therefore, the appropriate amount of nitrogen application for sun-cured tobacco should be controlled in 75kg/hm2 or below, and the suitable ratio of P to N advised to 0.5:1, only when lower level of phosphorus content in soil and pH>7, the ratio could be increased to 1:1. The proper ratio of K to N is 2:1 and could be improved to 3:1 when lower level of potassium content in soil.

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