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中国农学通报 ›› 2004, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (5): 217-217.

所属专题: 生物技术 玉米 烟草种植与生产

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不同类型玉米组织对亚洲玉米螟幼虫存活和生长发育的影响

王振营,何康来,邢珍娟,白树雄,文丽萍   

  • 出版日期:2004-10-05 发布日期:2004-10-05

Impacts of plant tissues of different type corn on growth and survival of Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)

Wang Zhenying, He Kanglai, Xing Zhenjuan, Bai Shuxiong, Wen Liping   

  • Online:2004-10-05 Published:2004-10-05

摘要: 亚洲玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée))是中国玉米生产上最重要的害虫,严重影响玉米的产量和质量。由于不同类型玉米对亚洲玉米螟的抗性程度不同,影响玉米螟的存活和生长发育,同一品种的不同组织器官对玉米螟的存活和发育影响也不相同。笔者在室内研究了高油玉米、糯玉米、甜玉米和普通玉米等的不同组织对亚洲玉米螟幼虫存活、生长和发育的影响。结果表明,不同类型玉米在不同生育期的组织器官对亚洲玉米螟幼虫的存活、生长和发育的影响不同。高油玉米298的心叶组织最适合玉米螟幼虫的存活和生长发育,而心叶期抗螟品种邢抗2号和的心叶不利于玉米螟幼虫的存活、生长和发育。玉米螟幼虫在高油玉米、甜单8号和白糯4号的雄穗上存活率高,幼虫体重较重,而在邢抗2号雄穗上的存活率和幼虫体重最低。甜单8号玉米苞叶总体上比较适合亚洲玉米螟幼虫生长和发育,而白糯4号和邢抗2号的苞叶对亚洲玉米螟幼虫生长发育有明显的不利影响。甜单8号、农大108和高油298的花丝适宜玉米螟幼虫生长和发育。而超甜2号和邢抗2号2个品种的花丝对玉米螟幼虫生长和发育有不利影响。超甜2号玉米的穗轴适宜玉米螟生长和发育,玉米螟幼虫在甜单8号和白糯4号穗轴上取食存活率和化蛹率高,但蛹重较轻。邢抗2号穗轴对玉米螟生长发育有不利影响。在邢抗2号和农大108籽粒上取食同特用玉米籽粒上取食的幼虫相比,其幼虫体重显著或极显著低,幼虫发育历期极显著长,说明特用玉米籽粒比普通玉米的籽粒更适合亚洲玉米螟的生长发育。研究结果还表明,在甜玉米、糯玉米等特用玉米中,不同组织器官对亚洲玉米螟有一定程度的抗性,可以通过抗螟品种筛选加以利用。

Abstract: Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is the most important insect pest of corn in China, which causes serious yield loss and reduces the quality of corn. Corn plant resistance plays an corn), at different developmental stages on survival and development of Asian corn borer larvae were important role in ACB IPM on corn. However, the level of resistance varies both among varieties and among corn plant tissues. Impacts of plant tissues of four type of corn, i.e. Gaoyou 298 (high oil corn), Bainuo 4 (waxy corn), Chaotian 2 (super sweet corn) and Tiandan 8 (sweet corn), Nongda 108 and Xingkang 2 (field evaluated in laboratory bioassay. Results showed that the survival and development of ACB larvae were significantly various when fed on the plant tissues at different developmental stage of four type of corn hybrids. When fed on the whorl leaves, the highest survival and fastest growth of larvae were observed on Gaoyou 298, and the lowest on Xingkang 2. The survival rate and larval weight were significantly higher when fed on the tassels of Gaoyou 298, Tiandan 8 and Bainuo 4 compared with Xingkang 2 and Chaotian 2. The young husks of Tiandan 8 were suitable for ACB larvae fed on compared with Bainuo 4 and Xingkang 2 that significantly inhibited the larvae development. The survival rates were much higher and the weights of larvae and pupae were much heavier when fed on silks of Tiandan 8 and Nongda 108 than on others. The survival rates of ACB larvae were significantly low when fed on silks of Chaotian 2 and Xingkang 2 than on others. The larvae developed very well when fed on the cobs of Chaotian 8.The survival and the pupation rates were much higher, but the weights of pupae were smaller when fed on cobs of Tiandan 8 and Bainuo 4. The survival and pupation rates were much lower and the development time to pupate was much longer when ACB larvae fed on cobs of Xingkang 2. The development time from larvae to pupate and from pupae to emerge of the ACB when fed on kernels of Xingkang 2 and Nongda 108 were much longer than that on Tiandan 8, Chaotian 2, Bainuo 4 and Gaoyou 298, the corn for special uses. It was showed that the kernels of wax corn, sweet corn, and high oil corn were much suitable to ACB larvae than field corn. It also indicated that some sweet and waxy corn varieties had certain resistant to ACB, on which the Asian corn borer larvae could not make much heavier damage than susceptible field corn.