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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2004, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (5): 269-269.

所属专题： 现代农业发展与乡村振兴

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三国魏晋南北朝时期农业灾害时空分布研究

卜风贤   

  • 出版日期:2004-10-05 发布日期:2004-10-05

Spatial and Time Distribution of Agricultural Disasters during the period of Three Kingdoms, Wei-Jin and Southern & Northern Dynasties

Pu Fengxian   

  • Online:2004-10-05 Published:2004-10-05

PDF (PC)

611

摘要： 根据现代灾害学理论，灾害事件在灾情方面的轻重差别是评估灾害等级的基本依据。采用农业灾害灾度等级量化方法对三国魏晋南北朝时期正史资料中的灾害史料进行定量分析。研究了农业灾害的区域分布特征、农业灾害的年内季节分布特征、农业灾害在年际间的规律性和重大农业灾年等问题，认为三国魏晋南北朝时期农业灾害年内发生频次差距缩小，农业灾害在一年四季都有发生，季节之间的差距大大减小，出现季节分布的均衡化趋势。春季农业灾害的发生频次增幅较大，夏秋两季农业灾害频繁发生，冬季农业灾害的发生频次显著增加。江南、山西、山东成为三大农业重灾区，江南地区是农业灾害频繁发生的重灾区。山东、山西农业区与江南农业区一起成为魏晋南北朝时期农业灾害频繁发生、危害严重的农业重灾区，形成了农业灾害区域分布的新格局。农业灾害在年际间出现七个多发期。总计魏晋南北朝时期中等以上农业灾年出现291次，在本时期360年时间中占81%。其中中等灾年166次，重灾年107次，特重灾年18次。

Abstract: Based on the historical records of natural disasters, this paper analyses its spatial and time distribution, as well as several disaster years during the period of Three Kingdoms, Wei-Jin and Southern & Northern Dynasties according to the methodology of natural disasters degree estimation. The conclusion shows that the natural disasters occurred more frequently in the seasons of summer and autumn than that in spring and winter, and seven high frequency phases in this period. Similarly, the severe agricultural disasters areas were gathered in the three main agricultural production regions, i.e., Jiangnan, Shanxi and Shandong regions. The total natural disaster years above the middle degree reach 291 times, when extra-severe disasters grade account to 18 years, severe disasters grade relate to 107, and middle disasters degree report to 166 years.