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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2008, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (7): 175-180.

所属专题： 植物保护

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同耕播期对杂草控制及土壤残留农药的影响

辛存岳,郭青云,许建业,耿贵工,徐有庆,魏有海,郭良芝,翁 华,程 亮   

  • 收稿日期:2008-04-17 修回日期:2008-05-05 出版日期:2008-07-05 发布日期:2008-07-05

Effects on Weed Control and Soil Rudimental Pesticide by Different Tillage-sow Period

Xin Cunyue, Guo Qingyun, Xu Jianye, Geng Guigong, Xu Youqing, Wei Youhai,Guo Liangzhi, Weng Hua, Cheng Liang   

  • Received:2008-04-17 Revised:2008-05-05 Online:2008-07-05 Published:2008-07-05

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摘要： 【研究目的】为了控制农田杂草，加速土壤残留农药降解，生产无公害农产品是非常重要的。【方法】对于残效农药长期使用的地区，可以采用连续2~3年秋收浅耕、翌年春播时早浅耕晚播种或直接晚耕播种三种措施，来研究杂草的控制效果。通过取样测量作物幼根长和鲜重，分析这三种措施对土壤残留农药的削减程度。【结果】研究结果表明：氟乐灵在油菜田长期使用时，土壤残留农药抑制下茬青稞幼根生长，幼根较对照株缩短3.0~3.1cm/株，鲜重量减少0.19~0.20g/株；甲磺隆在青稞田长期使用时，下茬油菜幼根较对照株缩短1.9~2.0cm/株，鲜重量减少0.13~0.14g/株；秋收后及时浅耕可将落入地表的杂草种子全耙入0~10cm耕层内；翌年春播早浅耕可诱发土壤表层的杂草种子提前萌发出苗，10d后耕种，能防除40%左右的杂草株数；较正常播种期推迟10d后直接晚耕播种，可防除30%左右杂草株数；苗期或后期拔（捋）出残余杂草种子时，除草效果理想，对下茬作物幼苗生长发育及产量无任何不良影响。【结论】在长残效农药长期使用地区进行2~3年秋收浅耕及不同耕播期加人工锄草，能有效控制农田杂草的危害，不污染农田土壤和生活环境，且加速对土壤残留农药的降解。

关键词: 沿海滩涂, 沿海滩涂, 生物质能源, 耐盐植物资源

Abstract: 【OBJECTIVE】In order to control weeds in field and quicken degradation of soil rudimental pesticide, it is very important to produce non-public farm products. 【METHOD】In the areas of rudimental pesticide used for a long time, we can make three steps that contained autumn- harvest and low- tillage for consecutive 2~3 years, early-low-tillage and late-sow in next spring-sow, or direct late-tillage-sow to study effects of weed controlIn the same time, we can measure the length and fresh weight of crop young-root to analyze the degradation effects of soil rudimental pesticide by these steps. 【RESULTS】 It was indicated: when Triflurex was used for a long time in cole field, soil rudimental pesticide can inhibit young-root growth of next-season highland barley, whose young-root shortened 3.0~3.1cm and whose fresh weight decreased 0.19~0.20g per individual plant compared with the control. When the mevinphos was utilized for a long time in highland barley field, the young-root of next-season cole shortened 1.9~2.0cm and fresh weight decreased 0.13~0.14g per individual plant compared with the control. Low-tillage in time after autumn-harvest showed that the weed seeds in the ground surface were harrowed into the tilth of 0~10cm. Early-low-tillage in spring-sow of the next year induced weed seeds of soil surface to germinate and come out ahead. After 10 days, tillage-sow can decrease about 40% weeds. Compared to the normal plough-row, direct late-tillage-row was postponed 10 days, and can decrease about 30% weeds. In the seedling period or later, rudimental weed seeds were handled with a hoe, which led to better cure and control effects and had more benefits to the young seedling growth and yield of the next-season crop.【CONCLUSION】in the areas of rudimental pesticide used for a long time, low-tillage for successive 2~3 years after autumn-harvest and weeds handling with a hoe in different tillage-sow period can control harm of weeds in crop field efficiently, and can not pollute soil and environment, furthermore, can quicken the degradation of soil rudimental pesticide.