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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 1-9.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0337

所属专题： 生物技术； 水稻

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

盐逆境对耐盐水稻穗部性状及产量构成因素的影响

翟彩娇1(), 张蛟1(), 崔士友1, 陈澎军2   

  1. 1江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,江苏南通 226541
    2江苏省有色金属华东地质勘查局/地球化学勘查与海地质调查研究院,南京 210007
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-31 修回日期:2021-09-23 出版日期:2022-02-05 发布日期:2022-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 张蛟
  • 作者简介:翟彩娇,女,1990年出生,河南周口人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事耐盐作物筛选和栽培研究工作。通信地址：226541 江苏省南通市如皋薛窑沿江农科所,Tel：0513-87573485,E-mail： szgszcj18@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目“提高盐胁迫下滩涂水稻穗粒数的技术研究”(CX(20)3118);南通市科技计划项目“盐胁迫下缓/ 控释肥对水稻品质及产量的影响研究”(JC2019151);南通市科技计划项目“盐胁迫下水稻穗部性状及产量对叶面肥喷施的响应研究”(JC2019150)

Effects of Salt Stress on the Panicle Traits and Yield Components of Rice Cultivars

ZHAI Caijiao1(), ZHANG Jiao1(), CUI Shiyou1, CHEN Pengjun2   

  1. 1Jiangsu Yanjiang Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nantong, Jiangsu 226541
    2East China Mineral Exploration & Development Bureau for Non-Ferrous Metals/ Institute of Geochemical Exploration and Marine Geological Survey, Nanjing 210007
  • Received:2021-03-31 Revised:2021-09-23 Online:2022-02-05 Published:2022-03-16
  • Contact: ZHANG Jiao

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摘要：

探明不同盐逆境水平对耐盐水稻穗部性状及产量构成因素的影响,旨在为沿海滩涂水稻种植和耐盐水稻高产育种提供科学依据。以‘扬农稻1号’(V1)、‘南粳5055’(V2)和‘通海粳18-2’(V3)为试材,利用盐池设施设置0 g/kg(S0)、1.5 g/kg(S1)、3 g/kg(S2)3个不同盐分水平,采用裂区试验,测定分析水稻穗长、穗重、每穗粒数、枝梗数、结实率等穗部性状及产量性状差异。结果表明：（1）不同盐逆境下,S1水平下的每穗粒数和千粒重显著低于S0水平下,S2水平下的水稻产量、有效穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重及结实率均低于或显著低于S0、S1水平下;与S0水平相比,在S2水平下一次枝梗的枝梗数、总粒数、实粒数和总粒重分别降低了9.10%、8.69%、10.03%和14.47%,S2水平下二次枝梗的枝梗数、总粒数、实粒数、结实率、总粒重、千粒重分别降低了14.69%、18.05%、22.49%、8.04%、17.21%、5.95%。（2）不同水稻品种间,与非盐逆境相比,盐逆境下水稻品种的产量、每穗粒数、一二次枝梗数、一二次枝梗的总粒数、一二次枝梗的实粒数均表现为V3>V1>V2。（3）盐逆境对水稻的相对抑制率影响结果表明,盐逆境主要抑制水稻V1、V2的每穗粒数,特别是二次枝梗数和二次枝梗总粒数;而盐逆境对V3的水稻穗部性状的相对抑制率均较低。（4）相关性分析表明,水稻产量与每穗粒数、二次枝梗数呈极显著正相关,与二次枝梗总粒数呈显著正相关;盐逆境下水稻产量与水稻穗长、穗重、一次枝梗性状（枝梗数和总粒数）、二次枝梗性状（枝梗数、总粒数、千粒重和结实率）之间呈显著正相关。盐逆境对水稻产量会产生不利的影响,且盐逆境下水稻产量降低的主要是每穗粒数明显减少引起的,特别是水稻二次枝梗数、二次枝梗总粒数和二次枝梗总粒重明显减少引起的。

关键词: 沿海滩涂, 盐逆境, 耐盐水稻, 每穗粒数, 枝梗数

Abstract:

To provide a scientific basis for rice planting and high-yield breeding of salt-tolerant rice in coastal tidal flats, the effects of different salt gradients on panicle characters and yield components of salt-tolerant rice were studied. ‘Yangnongdao 1’(V1), ‘Nanjing 5055’(V2) and ‘Tonghaijing 18-2’(V3) were used as test materials. The panicle length, panicle weight, grain number per panicle, branch number, seed setting rate and other panicle characters of rice and yield component factors were measured and analyzed by split zone test under no salt stress 0 g/kg (S0) and salinity stress 1.5 g/kg (S1), 3 g/kg (S2). The results were as follows. (1) Under different salt stress, grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight under S1 level were significantly lower than those under S0 level, and rice yield, effective panicle, grain number per panicle, 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate under S2 level were lower or significantly lower than those under S0 and S1 level; compared with the level of S0, the branch number, total grains, total filled grains and total grain weight of the primary branches per panicle decreased by 9.10%, 8.69%, 10.03% and 14.47% under the S2 level, respectively; the branch number, total grains, total filled grains, seed setting rate, total grain weight, 1000-grain weight of the secondary branches per panicle decreased by 14.69%, 18.05%, 22.49%, 8.04%, 17.21%, 5.95% under the S2 level, respectively. (2) Among different rice cultivars, compared with non-salt stress, the yield, grain number per panicle, and the branch number, total grain number and total filled grains of the primary and secondary branches under the salt stress (S1, S2) showed that: V3>V1>V2. (3) The relative inhibition rate showed that the grain number per panicle of V1 and V2 was mainly inhibited by salt stress, especially the secondary branch number and the total grain number of secondary branches; however, the relative inhibition rate of salt stress on all the panicle traits of V3 was low. (4) The correlation analysis showed that rice yield had extremely and significantly positive correlation with grain number per panicle, secondary branch number, and had positive correlation with total grain number of the secondary branches; there were significantly positive correlations between rice yield and panicle length, panicle weight, branch number and total grain number of the primary branches, branch number and total grain number of the secondary branches, 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate under salt stress. Salt stress has negative effects on rice yield, and the main reason for the decrease of rice yield under salt stress could be the obvious decrease of grain number per panicle, especially the obvious decrease of the number of the secondary branches and the total grain number and the total grain weight of the secondary branches.

Key words: coastal tidal flats, salt stress, salt-tolerant rice, grain number per panicle, branch number

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