作物矮化基因与GA信号转导途径

摘要/Abstract

摘要： ：矮化性状的利用，显著提高了小麦和水稻等作物的产量，从而引发了上世纪发生的响誉全球的“绿色革命”。一些控制矮化性状的基因已相继克隆，这些矮化基因的功能在于干扰植物激素—赤霉素（GA）的作用和合成，从而使植株表现为矮化。小麦Rht基因编码生长阻遏物，其功能可被GA所抑制。水稻sd1基因编码GA生物合成途径中的缺陷型酶,即GA20-氧化酶（GA20ox）。GA 亦可使sd1隐性突变体植株高度恢复正常。

Abstract: The application of dwarfing traits has greatly increased the yields of wheat, rice and other crops, leading to the “Green Revolution” occurred around the world in the last century. So far, several genes responsible for dwarfing traits have been cloned. The dwarfing genes showed a function to interfere with the action or biosynthesis of the gilbberellin(GA) plant hormones. Wheat Rht genes encode growth repressors and their functions could be normally suppressed by GA. Rice sd1 gene encodes a defective enzyme (GA20ox)with the key role in the GA-biosynthetic pathway. Similarly, the recessive mutation of rice sd1 can be restored to normal height by application of GA.

刘洁,李润植. 作物矮化基因与GA信号转导途径[J]. 中国农学通报, 2005, 21(1): 37-37.

Liu Jie, Li Runzhi. Dwarfing Genes and GA Signal Transduction Pathway in Crops[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2005, 21(1): 37-37.

参考文献

1 王志敏.21世纪的绿色革命与中国粮食安全.耕作与栽培,2001,(1):1~4
2 Peng J R,et al. Green revolution genes encode mutant gibberellin response modulators.Nature,1999,400 :256~261
3 Monna L, et al. Positional cloning of rice semidwarfing gene. sd-1 : rice ‘green revolution gene' encodes a mutant enzyme involved in gibberellin synthesis.DNA Res,2002,9 (1):11~17
4 Sasaki A, et al. Green revolution: a mutant gibberellinsynthesis gene in rice – new insight into the rice variant that helped to avert famine over thirty years ago.Nature,2002,416:701~702
5 Spielmeyer W, et al. Semidwarf (sd-1), green revolution rice, contains a defective gibberellin 20- oxidase gene.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA,2002,99:9043~9048
6 Boerner A, et al. The relationship between the dwarfing genes of wheat and rye.Euphytica,1996,89 : 69~75
7 Hooley R. Gibberellins – perception , transduction and responses.Plant Mol. Biol,1994,26 : 1529~1555
8 Hedden P, Kamiya Y. Gibberellin biosynthesis : enzymes , genes and their regulation. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol boil,1997,48:431~460
9 钟希琼,王惠珍.高等植物赤霉素生物合成及其调节研究进展.植物学通报,2001,18 (3):303~307
10 SunT P.Gibberellin signal transcluction.Current Opinnion in Plant Biology,2000,(3): 374~380
11 Pysh L D, et al. The GRAS gene family in Arabidopsis: sequence characterization and basic expression analysis of the SCARECROW-LIKE genes.Plant J,1999,18 : 111~119
12 Peng J R, et al.The Arabidopsis GAI gene defines a signaling pathway that negatively regulates gibberellin responses.Genes Dev,1997,11 : 3194~3205
13 Dill A,et al.The DELLA motif is essential for gibberellininduced degradation of RGA. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA,2001,98:14162~14167
14 Ikeda A, et al.Ｓlender rice, a constitutive gibberellin response mutant, is caused by a null mutation of the SLR1 gene, an ortholog of the height-regulating gene GAI/RGA/RHT/D8.Plant Cell,2001,13:999~1010
15 Chandler PM,et al.Mutants at the Slender1 locus of barley cv Himalaya. Molecular and physiological characterization.Plant Physiol,2002,129:181~190
16 Ogawa M, et al. Rice gibberellin-insensitive gene homolog, OsGAI, encodes a nuclear-localized protein capable of gene activation at transcriptional level,Gene,2000,245 : 21~29
17 Olszewski N, et al. Gibberellin signaling: biosynthesis, catabolism, and response pathways.Plant Cell,2002,14 : 61~80
18 Itoh H,et al.The gibberellin signaling pathway is regulated by the appearance and disappearance of SLENDER RICE1 in nuclei.Plant Cell,2002,14 : 57~70
19 Gubler F, et al. Gibberellin signaling in barley aleurone cells. Control of SLN1 and GAMYB expression.Plant Physiol,2002,129 : 191~200
20 Ashikari M,et al.Loss-of-function of a rice gibberellin biosynthetic gene, GA20 oxidase (GA20ox-2 ), led to the rice green revolution.Breed. Sci,2002,52 : 143~150
21 谷福林,翟虎渠,万建民,等.水稻矮秆性状研究及矮源育种利用.江苏农业学报,2003,19(1) : 48~54
22 Hedden P, Phillips A L. Gibberellin metabolism: new insights revealed by the genes.Trends Plant Sci,2000, 5 : 523~530
23 Toyomasu T, et al. Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding gibberellin 20-oxidase from rice (Oryza sativa ) seedlings.Physiol. Plant,1997,99: 111~118
24 Coles J P, et al. Modification of gibberellin production and plant development in Arabidopsis by sense and antisense expression of gibberellin 20-oxidase genes.Plant J,1999,17 : 547~556
25童哲.赤霉素的生物化学和分子生物学国际研讨会(简报).植物学通报,2000,17(6):573