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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2009, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (17): 239-244.

所属专题： 土壤重金属污染

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

洞庭湖湿地污染物的来源分析

何介南1,康文星1,袁正科2   

  • 收稿日期:2009-06-16 修回日期:2009-04-24 出版日期:2009-09-05 发布日期:2009-09-05

Analysis of the pollutant source in the Dongting Lake

He Jienan1, Kang Wenxing1, Yuan Zhengke2   

  • Received:2009-06-16 Revised:2009-04-24 Online:2009-09-05 Published:2009-09-05

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摘要：

利用洞庭湖水文观测站、环境监测站和实地考察资料，分析了洞庭湖湿地的TN、TP、COD、六价铬等重金属、硫化物、氰化物、氟化物和石油类等污染物的来源和数量。结果表明：每年输入湿地TN 670132.47 t、TP 41103.85 t，COD输入317849.26 t，重金属元素、有污染的无机和有机化合物输入量10156.616 t。在输入洞庭湖湿地的污染物中，有54.76%N、44.30%P、81.83%COD和95.59%重金属元素和化合物来自四水（湘、资、沅、澧4条江河）和三口（长江分洪流入的松滋、藕池和太平3口），有94%～99%的污染物是由面源污染引起的，点源污染只占1%～6%。因此，在洞庭湖湿地水污染的治理上，控制系统外水系输入比控制湿地周边更重要，控制面源污染比点源污染更重要。

关键词: 烟草野火病, 烟草野火病, 农用链霉素, 抗药性

Abstract:

This article analyzed the pollutant source in everglade of Dongting Lake, based on investigate data from hydrological observation station of Dongting Lake, environmental monitor station and spots examine. Results show that: annually input of TN to everglade of Dongting Lake was 670132.47 t, TP was 41103.85 t； COD input was 317849.26 t. The total of heavy metal elements, inorganic and organic contaminations input was 10156.616 t, The 54.76% of N, 44.30% of P, 81.83% of COD and 95.59% of heavy metal elements, which inputed into everglade of Dongting Lake contaminations, was come from Xiang river, Zi river, Yuang river, Li river and three Changjiang river flood input mouth. 94%～99% of contaminations was area polluting resources, point polluting resources only 1%～6%. So it is more imported to control input from out system then control input from everglad circumjacent area, viewed from strategically control contaminations in everglade of Dongting Lake. Control area pollution was more import then control point pollution.